of whom和of which用法归纳

of whom和of which用法归纳 1. of 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示同位关系：即用于在A+of+B结构，其中的A和B为同位关系。如： Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来。 We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of which is completely waterproof. 我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。 2. of表示整体与部分的关系：即用于“部分+of+整体(which, whom)”结构。如： He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb. 他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。 The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。 I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我遇到了摘水果的人们，其中有几个人是大学生。 3. of表示所属关系：即of用于构成所有格。如： He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf ，书名我给忘了。 The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。 4. of与其他的词构成固定搭配：即of与从句中的某个词语构成固定搭配。如： He’s married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。(介词of与动词hear构成固定搭配，意为“听说”) 注意：介词of后面除接关系代词which, whom外，有时也可能是whose。如： She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她有一个玩具熊，它的两只眼睛都丢了。 表示部分与整体of which/whom   在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which/whom或者of which/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。 Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. 我校有80个教师，其中50个是女的。 He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 他有许多书，其中大部分是英语书。 注意：这里的of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同： The room the door of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me. 门是蓝色的那间房是我的。 英语定语从句的3个重要概念： 1. 定义：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。如： The man you talked about is our headmaster. 你们刚才所谈论的那个人是我们的校长 This is the bike my father gave me as my birthday present. 这是我父亲送给我作为生日礼物的单车。 The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 那棵叶子红色的树是去年栽的 2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。如： The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 在舞台上唱歌的那个男孩今年才九岁。(现行词是名词) Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 任何愿意帮助他人的人都欢迎来参加我们的组织。(现行词是代词) His mother is out of danger,  which excites their family very much. 他母亲脱离了危险，这件事情使他们家兴奋不已。(现行词是句子) 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。根据关系词的用法不同，关系词又分关系代词和关系副词，其中关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but等，关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，又做从句中的某个句子成分。如： Li Lei is one of the students who are working very hard. 李蕾是一个学习非常努力的学生。(引导词who) There is nobody but knows you here. 这儿没有不认识你的人。(引导词but) He led us to a place where we have never been before. 他把我们带到了我们以前从未去过的地方。 (引导词where) of whom/which引导的定语从句： 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。 一、表示整体中的部分 The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。 I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。 I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。 There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。 The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。 二、表示所属关系 He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。 句中的the name of which=whose name。 It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。 句中的the details of which=whose details。 表示部分与整体of which/whom   在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which/whom或者of which/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。 Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women. 我校有80个教师，其中50个是女的。 He has lots of books, most of which are English ones. 他有许多书，其中大部分是英语书。 注意：这里的of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同： The room the door of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me. 门是蓝色的那间房是我的 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。 一、表示整体中的部分 The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。 I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。 I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。 There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。 The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。 二、表示所属关系 He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。 句中的the name of which=whose name。 It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。 句中的the details of which=whose details。 一、用法说明 介词+whom只能指人；介词+ which只能指物。如： Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waiting for an hour. 瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。 Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dong s birt 一、用法说明 介词+whom只能指人；介词+ which只能指物。如： Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waiting for an hour. 瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。 Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dong’s birthday party, in which I met a foreigner named Jim. 上周星期六的晚上我去参加了吴东的生日聚会，在会上我会到了一个叫吉姆的外国人。 She came into the house, on whose wall there was a portrait of Einstein. 她进入了房间，房子的墙壁上有一张爱因斯坦的画像。   二、注意事项 (1) 有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom可用who, that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。如： The man with whom you talked just now is our manager. —The man who you talked with just now is our manager. 你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。 He handed me a pen, with which I wrote down my address for him. —He handed me a pen, which I wrote down my address with for him. 他递给我一支钢笔，我就用那支钢笔给他写下了我的地址。 (2) 当先行词是时间、地点、原因从句时，介词+ which一般在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语，于是介词+ which可以分别用when, where, why代替。但若介词+ which不是作时间、地点、原因状语，则不能用when, where, why代替。如： Last week, I visited Shanghai, in which I have made several friends. —Last week, I visited Shanghai, where I have made several friends. 上周我参观了上海，在那儿我叫上几个朋友。 I will remember the day forever on which I won the first place in the contest. —I will remember the day forever when I won the first place in the contest. 我将永远记住我在竞赛中获得第一名的那一天。 三、介词的选用 介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词往往受上下文的约束，究竟使用哪个介词时得从下面几方面来进行考虑。 (1) 从先行词跟介词的搭配习惯出发。如： In front of my house, there is a tree, in which some birds are singing. 我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(在树上一般用介词in) (2) 从定语从句中的动词、形容词对介词的习惯要求出发。如：(from www.yygrammar.com) The computer for which I paid 5,000yuan is made in Shenzhen. 我花了五千元所买的这台电脑使深圳造的。( pay 与for搭配) (3) 从先行词、定语从句中的动词或形容词两方面同时考虑出发。如： Do you know the girl with whom the man talked just now? 你认识跟那个男谈话的女孩吗？(talk 究竟接to, with还是接about, 这该由动词及现行词一起决定) (4) 复合介词+关系代词。如： Go down this road, at the end of which you can see a high building and it is our office building. 沿着条路走，在路的尽头你会看到一座高大的建筑，那就是我们的办公大楼。 (5) 名词+介词+ 关系代词。如： He has three children, one of whose children is studying abroad now. 他又三个小孩，其中一个在国外读书。 注意：当定语从句的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系代词之前。如： She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma. 就不能写成：She has a little daughter, after whom is looked by her grandma. 因为，look after 是不可分开的固定短语。 介词+关系代词 （转载） 定语从句是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法之一，也是高考题的命题热点所在，其中定语从句中关系代词前介词的判断更是高考英语命题的一个高频考点。下面，我们先来看看近两年高考中部分定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构。 01. Eric received training in computer for one year, ___B___ he found a job in a big company.(辽宁) A. after that      B. after which     C. after it      D. after this 02. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ___B___ they can be controlled on purpose.(重庆) A. with which     B. to which      C. of which      D. for which 03. It is reported that two schools, ___D___ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (四川) A .they both     B. which both    C. both of them     D. both of which 04. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ___D___ wanted to buy it (安徽) A. none of them    B. both of whom    C. none of whom    D. neither of whom 05. He was educated at the local high school, ___A___ he went on to Beijing University.(江苏) A. after which      B. after that      C. in which        D. in that 06. She was educated at Beijing University, ___A___ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.  (全国II) A.after which     B. from which      C. from that      D. after that 07. We saw several natives advancing  towards our party,  and one of them came up to us ___B___ we gave some bells and glasses. (湖南) A. to which     B. to whom      C. with whom     D. with which 08. I was given three books on cooking, the first ___B___ I really enjoyed.  (浙江) A. of that    B. of which    C. that    D. which 09. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction  ___D___ she had come. (重庆) A. of which     B. by which     C. in which     D. from which 对于“介词+which / whom”结构的考查，高考英语主要涉及以下几个方面： 1. 考查定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯 (1) 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in) The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(注意搭配search for) This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(注意搭配argue about) I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。(注意搭配discuss sth with sb) 注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如： The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better. 不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better. (2) 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 (from www.nmet168.com) He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配be familiar with) 2. 考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯 这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如： This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom) I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配on the day) 3. 考查表示所属关系的of which [whom] On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I don’t understand. 老师在黑板上写了一个句子，句子的意思我不明白。(注意搭配the meaning of the sentence) 4. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which [whom] I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. 我有5本英语词典，其中最好的是朗文词典。(注意搭配of the five dictionaries) The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 多数公共汽车已经上满了人，周围是一伙愤怒的群众。(注意搭配most of the buses) I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我碰到那些摘水果的人，其中有好几个是大学生。(注意搭配several of them) 5. 考查表示同位关系的of which [whom] Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning. 她的两个儿子都在国外工作，今天早上给她来了电话。(注意搭配both of her sons) 【模拟测试】用适当的介词和关系代词填空： 1. Do you like the book _______ she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book ________ she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book ________ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _______  she often talks? 5. He built a telescope________ he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, ________ stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _______ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _____ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 11. The workers, some _______ stayed for four years, came from different countries. 12. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 ______ are women. 13. The book contains 50 poems, most ______were written in the 1930s. 14. There are two left, one ______ is almost finished, and the other ______ is not. 【参考 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 】 1. on which      2. for which     3. from [in] which  4. about which 5. through which     6. under which     7. of which    8. from which 9. to whom    10. of which    11. of whom    12. of whom 13. of which    14. of which, of which 限制性定语从句： 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，关系代词有that,which,whom,who,whose以及关系副词when,where等，没有明显的逗号把从句与主语分开，表达的意思为被修饰词的一个定语。 例句： Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? Where is the book which I bought this morning? 非限制性定语从句： 作用相当于一种插入语或者对先行词的一种解释，和先行词之间只有比较松散的关系，文字中常常用逗号将其与主句分开，用法其实与限制性定语从句极为相似，只是不能用that做修饰词。 例句： This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet. Englishi is an important subject, which every students should study well. The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a school. 一、 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 二、 从形式上看，限制性定语从句与其先行词紧紧相连，两者没有停顿；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。从意义上讲，限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词，两者密不可分；而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性叙述或说明，两者关系不那么紧密。由于两种定语从句存在着这些区别，一般来说，限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语，修饰其后的先行词，非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。通常对定语从句处理如下： （1） 限制性定语从句译成前置定语 These neighborhoods frequently recreate much of the culture and the values of the nationality that makes up the majority of the population. 这些居民区经常再现构成大多数居民的大量民族文化和价值观念。 （2） 非限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句 In almost all developing countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and raises living standards. 几乎所有的发展中国家经济的发展都依赖于出口贸易的增长，而出口的增长又有助于创造更多的就业机会和提高人民的生活水平。 但是，有时候因为意思上的关系，或者出于汉语句子结构上的考虑，要把限制性定语从句译成后置的并列分句，而把非限制性定语从句译成前置定语。 （3） 限制性定语从句译成后置的并列从句 Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November. 每个队每赛季参加十到十一场比赛，每个赛季九月份开始，十一月份结束。 （4） 非限制性定语从句译成前置定语 He appeared to be returning home from a walk, for his buckle shoes, which followed a fashion long since out of date, were covered with dust. 他好象是散步之后回家去，因为他那早已过时的扣鞋上布满了灰尘。 （5） 有的定语从句，从意义上看实际相当于一个状语从句，表示原因，目的，结果，让步等关系。这样的定语从句应译出汉语的偏正复句，但是要加上相应的连接词以表明其与主句的关系。 Norway is, quite naturally, paying great attention to developments in Europe and in the Atlantic community, which are so instrumental to the maintenance of peace and security in our part of the world. 挪威自然十分关切欧洲和大西洋国家的发展，因为这些发展大大有助于维护世界上我们这一地区的和平和安全 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 三、下面是些例题，你做做看。 一、that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。如： 【考例一】She heard the terrible noise, ________brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 【解析】选B。后半句为非限制性定语从句，尽管先行词noise属于事物，也不能用that而要用which来引导。which指代noise，在从句中作主语。 二、除which外，还可用when，where，whose，whom等引导非限制性定语从句，且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如： Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。(关系副词when指代表示时间的名词next month，并作从句的状语。) She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。 (关系副词where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。) 【考例二】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 【解析】选B。whose在从句中作表示所属关系的定语，既可指代人，也可指代物。指物时，常可转换为of which；指人时常可转换为of whom。 【考例三】 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,______many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 【解析】 先行词5:30 pm与time之间是一种同位关系，可用which来作定语替代。从句中的完成状态，常与by短语连用。故选D。 三、在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如： He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到医院去看望他的继母，他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。 四、非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的含义。如： 【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,________made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 【解析】选B。指代“Dorothy总是高度评价自己在那场戏中所担任的角色”的整个事件。 【考例五】Carol said the work would be done by October,________personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 【解析】表示时间的名词October，用“我个人非常怀疑”来修饰，意思不通。应该修饰整个主句， 表示对“Carol说在十月前能做好这项工作”怀疑。故选D。 五、引导非限制性定语从句时as和which的差异：从句置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时，两者都可以使用。 如： 【考例六】________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】逗号表明为非限制性定语从句。选B。 【考例七】________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 【解析】答案为B。与考例六同理。 典型定语从句易错题详解   ■The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains. A. which was    B. it was C. which were    D. them were 【易错】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops. A. which is    B. it is C. which are    D. them are (2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station. A. which are    B. it is C. which is    D. them are (3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A. which are    B. it is C. which is    D. them are ■A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A. that    B. which C. where    D. what 【易错】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ ■ _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It    B. As C. That    D. What 【易错】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。 【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题： _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It    B. As C. That    D. What 此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。 再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D： (1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which    B. As C. That    D. It (2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which    B. As C. That    D. It ■ David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like. A. that    B. who C. as    D. whom 【易错】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him： David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him. A. that    B. who C. as    D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us. A. like    B. that C. which    D. as ■ The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that    B. it C. them    D. which 【易错】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D： (1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that    B. it C. them    D. which (2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer. A. that    B. it C. them    D. which (3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper. A. that    B. it C. them    D. which 类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them： (4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person. A. that      B. him C. them      D. whom (5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer. A. that    B. who C. them    D. whom (6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students. A. that    B. who C. them    D. whom ■ He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field. A. whom    B. them C. which    D. who 【易错】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。 【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A)： (1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer. A. which    B. them C. what    D. that (2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer. A. them    B. which C. what    D. that (3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other. A. whom    B. them C. which    D. who (4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other. A. them    B. whom C. which    D. who ■ He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding. A. whom    B. them C. which    D. who 【易错】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较： (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work. A. which    B. them C. what    D. that 答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。 (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work. A. which    B. them C. what    D. that 答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。 (3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work. A. which    B. them C. what    D. that 答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句 ■ On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking. A. their    B. whose C. which    D. that 【易错】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题： (1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking. A. their    B. whose C. which    D. that 选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。 (2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking. A. their    B. whose C. which    D. that 选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。 (3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking. A. their    B. whose C. which    D. that 选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。 (4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking. A. their    B. whose C. which    D. that 选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。 (5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking. A. their    B. whose C. which    D. that 选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。 ■ If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is. A. as    B. which C. what    D. that 【易错】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which： (1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK. A. as    B. which C. and it    D. that (2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15. A. as    B. which C. what    D. that (3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me. A. that    B. which C. and it    D. so (4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating. A. as    B. which C. what    D. that ■ She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company. A. which    B. when C. how    D. where 【易错】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。 【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when： She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company. A. which      B. when C. how    D. where 请再做一组试题(答案均选A)： (1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month. A. which    B. when C. how    D. where 选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。 (2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete. A. which    B. when C. how    D. where 选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。 (3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago. A. where    B. when C. that    D. which 选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。