状语从句知识点讲解

状语从句 一.时间状语从句 常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until, 特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner …than, hardly …when, scarcely …when I didn’t realize how s pecial my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard. (一). when, while和as的区别 (1)when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。 When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词) (2)While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如: While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词, was reading和was watching同时发生) (3) 6. when 和while 都可表示“当.....时....”“这时候.....”when后及短暂性动词(land,come in,meet,leave 等),while后及延续性动词(shop,visit,read,sleep 等) when 后接一般过去式。 eg:The girl was shopping when she saw the alien. What was Charlotte doing when the alien took off? while 后接过去进行时。 eg:While the alien was buying a souvenir , the boy called the police. While the alien was reading the book, the boy called the TV station. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比) (4)As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如: We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”) As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间) (二)由till或until引导的时间状语从句 till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。例如: I didn't go to bed until(till)my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 1 (三)由since引导的时间状语从句 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如: I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。 It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 (四)知识扩展 1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词,表示一段时间) It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。 2. It is +before…(。。。才) It was a long time before I went to sleep again. (五)soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute等引导的时间状语从句b,这些连词都表示“一……就……”。 I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。(六)★hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如: He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。 (七)由by the time引导的时间状语从句 注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如: By the time you came back, I had finished this book. By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. (八)由each time, every time和whenever]引导的时间状语从句 Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。 (九)由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。b]这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”,通常译为“只要”例如: You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。 I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。 二、地点状语从句 常用引导词:where 特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型, (一)Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. 在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated. 哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民就得解放。 (二)anywhere/wherever+地点从句/主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如: Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。 三.原因状语从句 常用引导词:because, since, as, for 特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. My friends dislike me because I’m handsom e and successful. 我的朋友不喜欢我,因为我又英俊又成功。 Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. 既然每个人都到了,让我们开始我们的会议吧。 The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 更高的收入税是有害的,因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。 (一)because , since , as , for,辨析 (1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或since。 I didn’t go because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. (2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill for he is absent today. (3) as和for的区别: 通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。例: As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同义句) I stay at home for the weather is cold. 四.目的状语从句 常用引导词:so that, in order that 特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. 老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。 The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 为了让后面的学生听得更清楚,老师有意地提高了他的声音。 五.结果状语从句 常用引导词:so …that, such …that, 特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night. (一)so和such的区别 (1)such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little(这四个形容词表多或表少时)连用,形成固定搭配。 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers (so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such 搭配。) so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. He is suc h a young b oy that he can’t go to school 2. so that ,such…that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句,当他们引导目的状语从句时,从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。 3. so +adj或adv.+ that,such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词,副词原型,当可数名词前有many, few;不可数名词前有much, little修饰时,应采用句型:so many (few, much, little )+n. 。such 为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的,也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前加冠词a(an).常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我跌了很多跤,浑身数摔得清一块紫一块. there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any. 笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你. It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk. 天气是如此之好,以至于我想去散散步. 六、条件状语从句 常用引导词:if, unless, 特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that We’ll start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. (一)用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时. He will not leave if it isn’t fi ne tomorrow. 一般将来时,一般现在时 They are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week一般将来时, 一般现在时 七、让步状语从句 常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议。 The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He won’t listen whatever you may say. (一)although, though 辨析 although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though. He is looking fit, though. Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. He is quite experienced, he is young, though. (二)as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意: a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems… 虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 (三)ever if, even though.即使 We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. (四)whether…or-不管……都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. (五)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"