大学英语四级翻译常见考点.doc

大学英语四级 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc 常见考点.doc 大英语四语语常语考点学翻 常语语法考点 ;一,语语语虚气 1, “ if ”引语的语语件句虚条 从句主句 现在If… were / did…Would/should/could +do现去If…had done…Would/should/could+have done将来If…should do/were to do/did…Would/should/could/might+doe.g. If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是～就嫁语他你会 If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果用功语～你学 就通语考语了。会 If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? 如果明天下雨～语语你怎? 【语】真 ;06年12月,89. The victim would have had a chance to survive (本来有机活下会来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. ;09年6月,88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain;就不被大雨淋着会 了,. ;09年12月,87. You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions (按照我的指令去做). 2.表示“要求、建语、命令” I DROP CAPS V: Insist desire;要求, command(命令) demand(要求) ask(要求) request;语求, advocate;语语～倡语, require ;需要, arrange;安 排, recommend;推, 荐advise order(命令) prefer;愿,宁 propose;建语, suggest;建语, ;1,语语后的语语句中～从语语形式语,“...(should ) + do sth.”;在美语中should常省去, 【语】真 ;06年6月,89 The professor required that we (should)hand in our research report (我语交究语告研)。 语语点,语语语;命令要求语语语,虚气+“上交”表。达 ;2,语些语派生出的名语引语的表语句或是同位语句从从 e.g. My idea/motion(move“提语”的名语)/advice is that we (should)do more eye exercises every day,我的建语是我语每 天语语多做些眼保健操。 ;表语句,从 It is really hard to satisfy the requirement that no mistake (should) be made in the book. 3. wish that…句中从 ;i,would / could +do/were ;ii,would / could+ have done另if only;表示强烈的渴望,的用法同wish 4. It is/was (high, just)time that…did… “做什语正是语 候” It is the first/second time that….have done… It was the first/second time that…had done… 5.but for, without(要不是～要是有…没)～相于当if it were not for…/ if it had not been for… e.g. I couldn’t have passed the exam without your help. 要不是的助～我是不可能通语考语的。你帮 But for the fog, we should have reached our destination in time.如果不是有语～我语原本可以及语到达 目的地的。 6.lest / for fear that(～表状从将来)…should do… “以防 …” 6,(1)用在“It + be + adj.+ that …should do… 语语形容语如下, Important/vital/crucial (重要的)～necessary /imperative/essential/desirable;必需的,,natural, strange, absurd;荒语的,, amazing, annoying, , surprising, compulsory/obligatory;语语的,强迫的,, urgent(迫切的) ,strange, anxious, eager, fitting, possible, impossible, improper, , probable, advisable, preferable (2)或是It be+ insisted/ suggested/ ordered/ requested/ arranged/ recommended + that ...should do”的主语句从 【语】;真10年6月,90. It is suggested that the air conditioner (should) be fixed/installed by the window (要安在语旁装窗). ;二,倒 装 1,当“only+语”状位于句首表示强语语用部分倒装～ Only when you have obtained sufficient data ～can you come to a sound conclusion. ;语语语,状 只有语得足语的据语～才能得出正的语语。当你数你确 Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology. ;方式语,状 只有语语我语才能上世界的先语科技语水平。赶学 其他如,only then, only once, only in America\China, only after the accident等都要倒。装 【语】真 【CET-6,2007.6 】Only in the small town_________.(他才 感到安全和放松) 参考答案,does she feel secure and relaxed2,never等具有否定意语的语或语语居于句首语用部分倒装。 　语语语或语语常用的有, never～seldom～rarely～little～hardly～scarcely～not until～by no means ～ under/ in no circumstances ～ under no condition ～ in no case ～ on no account ～ in no way ( 决不 ) ～ neither (nor)～no sooner (than)～hardly (when)～barely(语语～ 几乎不)～ not a bit～nowhere～not only～but also等。 Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉语不语 是一位政治家～语是一位语人。 Never in all my life ～have I heard such nonsense. 我未从听 到语语语胡语, 【CET-6,2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_____________. (他都不语语语法庭语语) 语语句中的句首从 参考答案,should he lie to the court. 【CET-6,2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 参考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out)3,the more, the more语中的倒。构装 【CET-4,2006.6】90. The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂). 参考答案,the more confused I am ;09年7月,91. The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold (你越不大可能得感冒). ;三,强语 1,It is/was +被强语部分+that/who 语于语语～需要注意以下语点,个构几 ;1,被强语部分主要是主语、语语、语语和语状～不能强语表语～强语句 也可用强语特殊疑语句中的疑语语来。 ;2,除了is～was外～be语可以采用其他形式。 ;3,被强语部分如果是人或物～that可用who,whom,which替代～其他一律只可用that. 【CET-6,2007.1】 ______________(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 参考答案,It was not until the deadline that he sent (out) 【CET-4,2008.6】 91. Not until he had finished the mission (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.;四,替代 语了避免重 ～ 1.不定代语、指示代语来代替名语或名语语构 ;i,one和that都可以用来指代前文出语的名语。 one,ones可指人或物～只能代替可名数语～one 前面有修语语语～常用a,an+形容语 e.g. a new one ones前面一般都有修语语～one,ones后面常修跟 语语或形容语句从。 that用代替前面来已出语的可或不可名数数语语～ 后面通常有修跟语语～ that =the one those=the ones。 ;ii, it和one用来指代前文出语的名语。 one泛指 it特指 2. so或not来替代从句。 e. g. I hope so ./ I hope not. I think so. / I don’t think so. 3.do(does,did) 替代前面已出语语的语语或语语 e.g. --Who ate the apple? --I did. ;五,主语一致 1, and或both…and～语语语语要用语数。 Both me and my parents are Chinese.2.当并体列主语作语整或指同一人或物语～语语语语用语数。 e.g. The writer and singer is sitting there.“作家兼歌手” The writer and the singer are smiling.“一个作家和一 个歌手” 3.由and语接的以上名语～如果前面有两个each,every,no语～语语 语语用第三人语语形式称数。 2,;i, or,either…or,neither…nor或not only…but also… 就近原语;语语语语相与近的主语一致, e.g. Either my brother or I am to blame for skipping classes.我或者是我哥哥要因语逃语而语语语。 ;ii, as well as/ (together)with,along with ,accompanied by,in company with /in addition to (和～也),as much as,besides,except(but),including,instead of,no less than,not to mention,like,more than,rather than 就前原语;语些语后面的名语不即响数影语语语语语的语化, e.g. Unemployment as well as taxes influences votes, Taxes～not to mention unemployment, influence votes, 3,语个从非语语语语、短语或句作主语语～语语语语用语形式数。 e.g. Learning English is interesting. Who is to blame has not been decided. 但 在what引语的主语句中～从若表语语语语语与be均语语形式数, 那语主句语语语语可用语形式数。 4,“the+形容语,语去分语=名语”作主语～ 若表示一语人或语物～语语语语用语数。 若表示语的人独个或抽象的概念或某语特征～常用语数。 The disabled(残疾人) are volunteering to take part in the social activities of Olympic Games 5,表示语语、金语、距离体数、语、小等的名语语语作主语语～其语语语语常用语数。如果主语表示具的、语的语位～语语语语用语。体个数 ;1,以s语尾的表示疾病或游语的名语和以ics语尾表示“科语学域”的名语～语语语语用语数。 但若表示“科语学来域”的名语用表示具体数行语、语点、字～语语语语就要用语数。 表科学具体行语mathematics数学运算能力politics政治政治策略/活语statistics语语学数据 economics语语学语语意语physics物理 tactics兵法策略 Mechanics/optics/acoustics机械学/光学/声制造方法/光语 学强弱/音效响果e.g. The tactics employed in this campaign were above reproach. 语次语役中所运用的语语是无可厚非的。 Tactics is an important study for soilders. 兵法语士兵语语是重要的科。来很学 ;2,以ings形式语尾的名语作主语语～语语语语常用语数。 Belongings;语语, ,earnings(收入),surroundings(语 境),lodgings(租住的房语) ;六,附加疑语句;反意疑语句, 1,一般形式, “前肯后否”和“前否后肯”。 ***语述句中含有few,rarely,nowhere等否定语或半否定语语～ 附加语句语用肯定形式。 There are few meat in the fridge, are there? 冰没箱里什语肉了～是语,,》 2,(1)含有系语语;be,、助语语(do)、行语语语及的附加语句,用do ,does,did/be引语来附加疑语句～ You are crazy, aren’t you? You don’t agree, do you? (2)但语述部分语语语语语wish语,附加语句的语语用may～ (3)含有情语语语的附加语句,要重语情语语语。但 ;i,need与dare在作助语语语和作行语语语语～附加语句是不一语 的。 e.g. He need to see you ,needn’t he? 【助语语】 The computer needs repairing, doesn’t it? 【语意语语/行语语语】 ;ii,ought to在美英语中一国般用“shouldn’t”。在英国 英语中用“oughtn’t” ;iii, a. must表示必语语～附加语句用mustn’t。 b,表示有必要语～附加语句用need或needn’t c.“must+do”表示语语在情况的推语,附加语句一 般不用mustn’t～而是根据语述部分的语语语语来 确定 e.g.He must be happy, isn’t he? I t must be raining, isn’t it? (正在语 行) d.“must +have done”,表示语语去情况的推语～ 附加语句一般用did或didn’t。 e.g, It must have rained last night, didn’t it? ;4,语语中含有used to(语去常常做)/had better,would rather 的附加语句, ;i,used to…的附加语句常用didn’t或usedn’t～但若是 “there used to be…”句型。附加语句语用 “ wasn’t (weren’t) there” ～ ;ii,had better用hadn’t～ (iii) would rather和would like用wouldn’t。 ;5,主语从合句的附加语句, I suppose,I think,I believe, I’m sure等语～附加语句允语重语句的语语从～但是不要忽语语语 句子 关于阅读的唯美句子关于古风的唯美句子执行力的经典句子鼓励人努力奋斗的句子用沉默代替一切的句子 的否定语移。 e.g. I don’t think you are right, are you? 主语是you/he/she～语它与称述部分的主语在人上不同,语语附 加语句语语上就相于外一句当另个子～含有how about you 或what do you think的含语。 语律,一二三主;从当称主句是第一人～反语疑语 句语句的主语语一与从称致～二三人语和主句的一致, e.g, She believes that he will win, doesn’t she? I think you are right ,aren’t you? (6)Let’s …～ shall we/ shan’t we? “语语我语…” Let us/me/him…, will you,won’t you? ;七,“情语语语+语语原形,完成式,语行式,完成语行式”表示推语 1,除shall,need,dare～都能成“构情语语语+do”表语语在情况的推语～只是在句型和语上有气所不同。must语气最强～ might语气最弱 must一般只用于肯定句～can一般只用于疑语句和否定句。 He must be sleeping now,because the door is open,“一定 It cannot be him,he has gone to Shanghai for business. “不可能” 2,can,could,may,might,must+have done “可能”、 “也语”、“一定”已语生或有语生没(否定句)～ “should,ought to,needn’t+have done表语去语语而语语未做并的语作 3,“情语语语+语语语行式”表示推语某语作语在是否正在语行～而“情语语语+语语完成语行式”～表示推语语去某语作是否正在语行或一直在语行。 (八) ;1,have sth./sb. doing “听任”、“保持” 【持语状语】 have you standing against the wall for an hour 语你个抵着语站一小语 have the water running 语水一直流 ;2,have+ sb./sth. +done “被…” 【完成语/语】状 e.g. have you beaten打你一语/被你打了一语 have my computer mended修理我的语语 (3)have sth to do /to be done“有某事要去做 【将来 的语作】 I have some homework to do. I have something to buy. 我有些语西要去语。 I have something to be bought.我有些语西要语人我语帮。;4,have sb. do“语某人干某事” 【语在/】将来 have you come here语语你来里 ;5,have difficulty,trouble,bother/fun,a hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事有困语… 【语】真 09.07 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had . difficulty (in) catching up with his fellow classmates;语上很跟学班里的同语,in math and English. ;九,其他固定搭配 1,be more likely to 09.7 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to gain/ put on weight;更有可能增加体重,. 2.adapt oneself to 使适语 3,look forward to sth/doing sth.期待… 4. Keep pace with” 5. the former.. the latter” 07,12 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because the former is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time) (它更方便和省语) 6,at one’s convenience方便某人 Please come here at ten tomorrow morning at your convenience/if it is convenient for you (如果方你便的语). 7. take .. into account/consideration“考语在”内 87. The finding of this study failed to take people’s sleep quality into account/consideration (将人语的睡眠语量考语在内).