八年级下册英语知识点Unit1 to Unit5 单词短语语法

八年级 下册 数学七年级下册拔高题下载二年级下册除法运算下载七年级下册数学试卷免费下载二年级下册语文生字表部编三年级下册语文教材分析 英语知识点Unit1 to Unit5 单词短语语法 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、 识记单词 matter n.问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，事情 accident n.(交通)事故;意外遭遇 sore adj.疼痛的，酸痛的 situation n.情况，状况 stomachache n.胃痛，腹痛 knife n.(knives) 刀 foot n.足，脚 blood n.血 neck n.颈，脖子 mean v.意思是，打算，意欲 stomach n.胃，腹部 importance n.重要性，重要 throat n.咽喉，喉咙 decision n.决定，抉择 fever n.发烧 control n.,v.限制，约束，管理 lie v.躺，平躺 spirit n.勇气，意志 rest v&n.放松，休息 death n.死，死亡 cough v.咳嗽 nurse n.护士 toothache n.牙痛 breathe n.呼吸 headache n.头痛 sunburned adj.晒伤的 break n.间歇;休息 ourselves pron.(we的反身代词) hurt v.(使)疼痛，受伤 我们自己，自己 passenger n.乘客，旅客 climber n.登山者;攀登者 trouble n. 问题，苦恼 risk n &v.危险，风险 hit v.(用手或器具)击，打 herself pron.(she的反身代词)她自己 sick adj.生病的;有病毒 bandage n.绷带 v.用绷带包扎 knee n.膝盖，膝 一、 背诵短语 save a life 挽救生命 have a fever/ cough / toothache/ stomachache 发烧/咳嗽/牙疼/胃疼 get into trouble 造成麻烦 have a cold 受凉;感冒 right away 立刻;马上 lie down and rest 躺下来休息 because of 由于 hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 get out of 离开 see a dentist 看牙医 hurt oneself 受伤 take one’ s temperature 量体温 put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药 fall down 摔倒 sound like 听起来像 feel sick 感到恶心 in the same way 以同样的方式 have problems breathing 呼吸困难 go to a doctor 看医生 mountain climbing 登山运动 go along 沿着……走 be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 on the side of the road 在马路边 run out (of) 用完;用尽 shout for help 大声呼救 be in control of 掌管;管理 without thinking twice 没有多想 in a difficult situation 在闲境屮 get off 下车 keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 in time 及时 make a decision 做出决定 thanks to 多亏了 ;由于 take risks 冒险 to one’ s surprise 使....... 惊讶的 give up 放弃 1 二、 重点句型 1. What’ s the matter?=What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you?= What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了, 2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢, Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗, 主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. .. ?You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 ? You shouldn’t’ t go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。 3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 呢, 4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。 5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。 三、 本课语法: (一) 【反身代词】 英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持 一致。其基本形式如下表所示: 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法展现】 1 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如:Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。 We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。 2 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如: She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天有点不舒服。 3 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。 I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人。 4 用在某些固定短语当中。 如: look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth请自用……(随便吃/喝些……). hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于……之中 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西 introduce oneself 介绍……自己 2 即学即练 1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _________ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _________ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look after_________ very well. 4. My cat can find food by_________ . 5. Help __________to some beef, boys. 6. Jenny enjoyed_________ in the park yesterday afternoon. 7. The blind girl lost_________ in the beautiful music. 8. Bill wants to teach_________ French from now on. 1. himself 2. myself 3. themselves 4. itself 5.yourselves 6.herself 7. herself 8. himself 3 Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks. 一、识记单词 cheer v.欢呼，喝彩 blind adj.瞎的，失明的 volunteer v.义务做，自愿做 n.自愿者 deaf adj.聋的 notice n.公告牌，通告，布告 imagine v.,n.想象，设想 lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的 open v.开，打开 several 几个，数个，一些 door n.门 feeling n.感觉，感触 carry v.拿，提，扛 satisfaction n.满足，满意 train v.训练，培训 owner n.物主，主人 excited adj.激动的，兴奋的 journey n.(尤指长途)旅行，行程 training n.训练，培训 sign n.标志，信号 kindness n.仁慈，善良 sick adj.生病的，有病的 clever adj.聪明的，聪颖的 raise v.募集，征集 understand v.理解，领会 alone adv.独自，单独 lonely adj. 孤独 change v.变化，改变 repair v.修理，修补 disabled adj.丧失能力的，有残疾的 fix v.安装，使固定 二、 背诵短语 help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 try out 试用;试行 used to 曾经… 过去_ work for 为…工作;为…. 效力 care for 关心;照顾 1put up 建造;举起;张贴 the look of joy 快乐的表情 hand out 分发;散发;发给 at the age of 在......岁时 call up 打电话;召集 clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 put off 推迟;延迟 cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀 raise money 筹钱;募捐 ive out 分发;散发 take after 与......相像;像 come up with 想出;提出 give away 赠送;捐赠 make a plan 制订 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 fix up 修理;修补;解决 make some notices 做些公告牌 be similar to 与……相似 make a difference 影响;有作用 set up 建立;设立 be able to 能够 disabled people 残疾人 三、 重点句型 1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。 2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。 3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。 4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。 5. . . . you can see in th e ir eyes that they’ re going on a different journey w ith each new book. ……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。 6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 4 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。 7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。 8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。 四、 重点语法——动词不定式 A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. / It takes sb. some time to do sth. It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我，真是太好了～ It takes me quite a long time to understand. 我花了相当长的时间来理解 B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare…常接 动词不定式作宾语。 I plan to watch Days of Our Past. 我打算观看《我们过去的日子》 . C. 作(后置)定语——常用于“have/has，sth.，to do”或“enough，名， to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。 I have a meeting to attend. D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补 足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。 Tell him to open the door(让他把门打开) The kid asked me to play with him. 那个小孩让我和他玩。 【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。 E. 动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。 常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。 She arrived early in order to get a good seat. He is too excited to speak.他太激动了,说不出话来. F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的有:had better (not) do sth. Would you like to do sth.? Why not do sth.? Would you please (not) do sth.? 1. You'd better not stay up too late. 2. What would you like to do in your leisure time? 闲暇时间喜欢做些什么? 3. Why not go to cinema? 为什么不去电影院呢? 4. Would you please open the door ? 5 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 一、 识记单词 rubbish n.垃圾;废弃物 provide v.提供;供应 fold v.折叠;对折 anyway adv.而且;加之 sweep v.扫;打扫 depend v.依靠;信赖 floor n. 地板 develop v.发展;壮大 mess n.杂乱;不整洁 fairness n.公平性;公平合理性 throw v.扔;掷 since conj.从……以后;自……以来 neither adv.也不 neighbor (=neighbor) n.邻居 shirt n.衬衫 result n.后果;结果 pass v.给;递;走过;通过 ill adj.有病;不舒服 borrow v.借;借用 drop v.落下;掉下 lend v.借给;借出 independence n.独立 finger n.手指 independent adj.独立的;自主的 hate v.厌恶;讨厌 fair adj. 合理的;适当的 while conj.在……期间;当……的时候 stress n.精神压力;心理负担 snack n.点心;小吃;快餐 waste n.浪费;滥用 chore n.杂务;乏味无聊的工作 二、背诵短语 go out for dinner 出去吃饭 get something to drink 拿点喝的东西 stay out late 在外面待到很晚 hang out 闲逛 get a ride 搭车 pass sb sth. 把某物传给某人 work on 从事 lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 get sth. wet 使某物弄湿 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 fold your the clothes 叠衣服 do chores 做杂务 sweep the floor 扫地 help sb. (to ) do /with sth make your/the bed 整理床铺 帮助某人干某事 clean the living room 打扫客厅 invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会 throw down 扔下 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 come over 过来 enough stress足够的压力 take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 a waste of time浪费时间 all the time 一直;总是 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 do housework 做家务 depend on依赖;依靠 look after/take care of 照顾;照看 do one’ s part in (doin g ) sth. 做某人分内的事 二、 重点句型 1.Could you please clean your room? 你能整理一下你的房间吗, 2. Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗, 6 3. I have to do some work.我必须干些活。 I’m just as tired as you are!=Both you and me are tired我也和你一样的累 4. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境是家长们的工作。 5. She won’t be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。 6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。 7. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V . 我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。 8. I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。 9. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早独立，对他们的未来就更好。 10. It is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.对于 孩子们来说，学会怎样做家务和帮助父母亲做家务是很重要的。 四、 本课语法: 礼貌委婉的could 在本单元中，情态动词could用于有礼貌的提出要求或请求许可，用于疑问句，代替can，在 时间上与can没有区别，但语气比can委婉、有礼貌。回答时要用can，不能用could。除此之 外，肯定回答还可以用Sure./Certainly./Yes, sure./No problem./With pleasure等;否定回答还可 以用I’m not sure.等。 Eg:1.---Could you please lend me your dictionary? --Yes, sure. 2.---Could I have a look at your driving license?---Yes, Here you are. 3.---Could you please water the flowers?---No problem. 4.---Could I use your phone? --No, you can’t. I’m waiting for an important call. 【拓展】could的其他用法: (1)could为can的过去式，表能力。 Could the girl read before she went to school? She could swim at the age of seven. (2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句，此时could与can无时间上的 区别，但语气比can缓和，情绪要弱。 He couldn’t/can’t be over fifty. Who could/can have taken it? (3)表示可能性，指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。 The book could be Mike’s. He likes reading science books. The windows are open. He could have come back. (4)用于虚拟语气。 How I wish I could go with you.我多么希望和你一起去呀! 7 【练习】选择填空 ( )1.---Could I borrow your camera? ---________,but please give it back by Sunday. A. I’m sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks ( )2.---_____I try on those shoes in the window? ---_____ . They’re just on show. A. Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldn’t C. Could; Sorry, you can’t D. Can; Yes, you could ( )3.---Could you please sweep the floor? ---___________. I’m busy babysitting my sister. A. Sorry, you can’t B. Yes, sure C. Yes, I can D. Sorry, I can’t ( )4.---My recorder is broken. Could I use yours? ---________, but you have to return it tomorrow. A. I’m not sure B. No problem C. I’m sorry D. I hope so ( )5.---Could you please pass me the book?---__________. A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn’t C. Sure. Here you are D. No, that’s no problem ( )6.The talented boy _______ write lyrics(歌词) when he was at the age of ten. A. may B. could C. must 1. B 2. C 3. C 4.B 5. C 6.B 8 Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents? 一、识记单词 wrong adj.错误的，不对的 explain v.解释;说明 deal n. 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 ;交易relation n.关系;联系;交往 clear adj.清楚易懂的;不含混的 communication n.交流;沟通 copy v.复制;复印 argue v.争吵;争论 return v.回来;回去 elder adj.年纪较长的 member n.成员;分子 instead adv.代替;反而;却 pressure n.压力 whatever pron.任何;每一 compete v.竞争，对抗 nervous adj.焦虑的;担忧的 opinion n.意见;想法;看法 1offer 主动提出;自愿给予 skill n.技艺;技巧 proper adv.正确地;恰当地 typical adj.典型的 secondly adv.第二;其次 continue v.持续;继续存在 communicate v.交流;沟通 compare v.比较 usual adj.通常的;寻常的 crazy adj.不理智的;疯狂的 perhaps adv.可能;大概;也许 development n.发展;发育;成长 cause v.造成;引起 二、背诵短语 have free time有空闲时间 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 all the time一直 get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 make sb. angry使某人生气 get enough sleep有足够的睡眠 worry about sth. 担心某事 write sb. a letter给某人写信 copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业 call sb. up打电话给某人 give sb. pressure给某人施压 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架 work out成功地发展;解决 compete with sb. 与某人竞争 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 give one’s opinion提出某人的观点 cut out删除 三、重点句型 1. I studied until mid night last night so I didn’t get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。 2. Why don 't you forge t about it?=why not forget about it?你为什么不忘掉它呢, 3. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. 虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。 5. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry. 他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。 5. May be you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。 6. When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. 当他们吵架的时候，我们的家就像笼罩在大大的乌云一样。 9 7. I guess I could, but I don’t want to surprise him. 我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。 8. Life shouldn’t just be about grades.生活不应该仅仅与成绩有关。 四、本课语法: 用于提建议的句型有 ?What about doing sth?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样, ?Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢, ?Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。 ?Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗, ?had better do/not do sth.最好做/不做某事 ?Will/Would you please do sth? 请你做…好吗, ?Would you like to do sth?你想去做某事吗, ?Would you mind doing sth,你介意做某事吗, 同意对方的建议时，一般用 Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法 No problem 没问题 Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以 Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想 对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用: I don’t think so 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I can’t 对不起，我不能 I’d love to, but… 10 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 一、 识记单词 rainstorm n.暴风雨 rise v.增加;提高;增强 suddenly adv.突然;忽然 apart adv.分离;分开 strange adj.奇特的;奇怪的 passage n.章节;段落 storm n.暴风雨 pupil n.学生 report v.报道;公布 bright adj.明亮的;光线充足的 area n.地域;地区 completely adv.彻底地;完全地 wind n.风light n.光;光线;光亮 silence n.沉默;缄默;无声 wood n.木;木头 recently adv.不久前 window n.窗;窗户 terrorist n.恐怖主义者;恐怖分子 flashlight n.手电筒;火炬 date n.日期;日子 match n.火柴 复数形式: matches tower n.塔;塔楼 beat v.敲打;锤砸 realize v.理解;领会;认识到 heavily adv.在很大程度上;大量地 truth n.实情;事实 against prep.倚;碰;撞 asleep adj.睡着 二、背诵短语 make sure 确信;确认 bring... together 使……靠拢 beat against... 拍打… … in the area 在这个地区 fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着 by the side of the road 在路边 die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失 make one’s way to wake up 醒来 在某人去……的路上 in a mess 一团糟 hear the news 听到这个消息 break.. . apart 使……分离 important events in history 历史上的重大事件 in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 on the radio 通过广播 at the time of 当.......时候 in silence 沉默;无声 go off (闹钟)发出响声 take down 拆除;摧毁 take a hot shower 洗热水澡 have meaning to 对……有意义 miss the bus 错过公交车 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 pick up 接电话 三重点句型 1. What were you doing at eight last night? I was taking a shower. 2. What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm? She was doing her homework. 下暴雨的时候她在做什么? 她正在做作业 2. What was he doing when the rainstorm came? 当暴雨来临的时候,他正在做什么? 3. He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. 暴风雨来时，他在图书馆看书。 3. What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily? 11 当开始下大雨时，本在干什么, When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。 4. What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 珍妮正在做什么，而琳达在睡觉, 5. While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉时，珍妮在帮玛丽做家庭作业。 三、 本课语法 过去进行时 (1)过去进行时是的用法 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，由“was/were+现在分 词”构成 表示过去进行时的时间状语有:at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday evening,from eight to twelve yesterday,以及when,while 引导的时间状语从句。 It was raining at 6 o’clock this morning. What were you doing this time last night? He was sleeping when the UFO arrived. (2)与一般过去时的区别 ?表示已完成的动作用一般过去时，未完成的动作则可用过去进行时 I wrote a letter this morning. I was writing a letter this morning. ?一般过去时侧重于叙述事实，过去进行时则侧重于动作的持续性，从而更具描绘性 It snowed last night.It’s all white outside now. It was snowing last night.so it was very cold. ?两个动作同时发生时，较短的动作可用一般过去时，而较长时间的动作可用过去进行时表 示。 Mum was talking with her friends when Sue entered the room. 12 【练习】1. I didn’t’t hear the phone because my father ______-TV then. A. is watching B .was watching C. watched D. watches 2. Millie______a picture when Mr. Green came in. A. draw B. is draw C. will draw D. was drawing 3.——I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday, why? ——I _______for an important telephone call at that moment. A. wait B. waited C. am waiting D. was waiting 1-3 BDD 13