2011-2012考研英语二考试真题及其答案

2011-2012考研英语二考试真题及其 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 1 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 2 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 3 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 4 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 2011年语士究生入考语英语二语研学真 Section I Use of English Directions, Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) 5 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible 6 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”. Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1, A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 7 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 2, A.for B.within C.while D.though 3, A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless4, A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal5, A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6, A.by B.into C.from D.over 7, A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared8, A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9, A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10, A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11, A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12, A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13, A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D.competing14, A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15, A.on B.after C.beyond D.across 16, A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17, A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18, A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19, A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20, A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading Comprehension 8 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points) Text 1 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is 9 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they 10 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus. 21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . [A]gaining excessive profits [B]failing to fulfill her duty [C]refusing to make compromises [D]leaving the board in tough times 22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be . [A]generous investors [B]unbiased executives [C]share price forecasters [D]independent advisers 23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to . 11 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 [A]become more stable [B]report increased earnings [C]do less well in the stock market [D]perform worse in lawsuits 24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors . [A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm 25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is . [A]permissive [B]positive [C]scornful [D]critical Text 2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco 12 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a 13 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. 26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis [B]failed to get state subsidies [C]were not charitable corporations [D]were in a desperate situation 27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs 14 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 probably because . [A]readers threatened to pay less [B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs [C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue [B]have more balanced newsrooms [C]are less dependent on advertising [D]are less affected by readership 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business? [A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. [D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews. 30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind 15 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 [C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business [D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story Text 3 We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish. Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These 16 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies. Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty. The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time. The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than 17 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century. The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life few American families acquired– helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared. 31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ . [A]prosperity and growth [B]efficiency and practicality [C]restraint and confidence [D]pride and faithfulness 32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus? [A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II. 18 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 [C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space [B]was identified with emptiness [C]was not reliant on abundant decoration [D]was not associated with efficiency 34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive? [A]They ignored details and proportions. [B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings. [D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”? [A]Mechanical devices were widely used. [B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration [C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed. Text 4 Will the European Union make it? The question would 19 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth. As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It 20 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make 21 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 capitalism benign. 36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets [B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned [C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers . [A] are competing for the leading position [B] are busy handling their own crises [C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization [D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased [B] stricter regulations be imposed [C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination [D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __. ,A,poor countries are more likely to get funds,B,strict monetary policy will be applied to poor 22 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 countries ,C,loans will be readily available to rich countries,D,rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __. ,A,pessimistic ,B,desperate ,C,conceited ,D,hopeful Part B Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) 23 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 46,Direction, In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points) Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies. 24 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 2011年全语士究生英语二答案国研 25 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　Section I Use of English 　　15 ACBDD——　610 BACCA—— 　　1115 DBACA——　　1620 CDACD—— 　　Part A 　　2125 BBDAA—— 2630 DBCBB—— 　　3135 BDCDB 3640 DCBAC———— 　　Part B 　　4145 EDCFG—— 　　46.语翻 　　有语想到～在全球范语～会内IT行语语生的室全球航空公司语生的一语多,占二温气体跟氧 化语排量的碳2%。 　　多日常工作语语境造成了语人震的破作用。根据语语正答案的语语次～谷歌搜索很惊坏你确数 引擎手会插0.2-7克的二化的排放量。要快速语果语语语用语～谷歌必语用强大和大量的语算氧碳将 机系语语语全球巨大的据语中心。语些语算机在散语大量语量的同语也语生大量的二化。来数氧碳气体 所以中心语理器必语要有好的散语语～然而却耗能更多。很装 　　小作文范文, 　　Dear friend～ 　　I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University～ which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life。　　In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life～ you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost～ you need to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit～ so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly～ since the study in university is more demanding than in your secondary school～ you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability～ you are sure to have a successful college life。　　Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life。 　　Sincerely yours～ 　　Zhang Wei 　　大作文范文, 26 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand affiliations between 2008 and 2009. In 2008～ cars with Japanese brands topped the three types of vehicles～ accounting for 35% of the total market. What follows is the cars with Chinese brands～ hitting 25% of the auto market～ with the share of American brand bottomed out at 15%. In 2009～ some developments are noticeable in that the cars with the largest share became those of Chinese brands～ which occupied roughly 32% of the market～ while cars with Japanese and American brands took 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively. It is observed that between 2008 and 2009～ cars of Chinese and Japanese brands took turns to be the No.1 in terms of market share while those with American brands ranked the last in both years. And the share of Chinese-brand cars witnessed a mild increase and that of the Japanese-brand cars saw a moderate decrease～ while the American-brand cars stayed the same. From this graph～ we can come to the safe conclusion that the Chinese automakers are doing a good job in outcompeting their Japanese and American counterparts in 2009～ but the gap is not so significant and if no efforts were made from the part of the Chinese auto industry～ the distribution map might be rewritten in the future。 年语士究生考英语研研二真语2012() Section 1 Use of Eninglish 　　Directions : 　　Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of 27 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。　　His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。　　GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow and-– mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and 28 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives。 　　1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 　　2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal　　3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded　　4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 　　5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 　　6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against　　7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 　　8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 　　9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed　　10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 29 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 　　12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 　　13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 　　14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 　　15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 　　16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 　　17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired 　　18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 　　19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond 30 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point 　　Section II Resdiong Comprehension 　　Part A 　　Directions: 　　Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) 　　Text 1 　　Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。 31 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。 　　District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works 32 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule。 At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct。 　　The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right。　　21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。 　　[A] is receiving more criticism 　　[B]is no longer an educational ritual 　　[C]is not required for advanced courses 33 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　[D]is gaining more preferences 　　22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____。 　　[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education 　　[B]have asked for a different educational standard　　[C]may have problems finishing their homework　　[D]have voiced their complaints about homework　　23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____。 　　[A]discourage students from doing homework　　[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards　　[C]undermine the authority of state tests　　[D]restrict teachers' power in education　　24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated 34 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　[B]it counts much in schooling 　　[C]it places extra burdens on teachers 　　[D]it is important for grades 　　25.A suitable title for this text could be______。　　[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy　　[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students 　　[C]Thorny Questions about Homework 　　[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework 　　Text2 　　Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of 35 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests。　　Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。 36 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s。 　　Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where– they did not previously exist。 　　26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1)～the author means pink______。 37 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood　　[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence　　[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination　　[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests　　27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours, 　　[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA。 　　[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls。　　[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders。 　　[D]White is prefered by babies。 　　28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____。 　　[A]the marketing of products for children 　　[B]the observation of children's nature 　　[C]researches into children's behavior 38 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　[D]studies of childhood consumption 　　29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____。 　　[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes　　[B]attach equal importance to different genders　　[C]classify consumers into smaller groups 　　[D]create some common shoppers' terms 　　30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____。 　　[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency　　[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers　　[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen　　[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3 In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were pare 39 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 nted. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)～ a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle. On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk ofbreast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic testssuch as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separ 40 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 ated from cotton seeds. ” Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court。 　　AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO。 　　Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed。 41 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like----- 　　A.their executives to be active 　　B.judges to rule out gene patenting 　　C.genes to be patcntablc 　　D.the BIO to issue a warning 　　32.those who are against gene patents believe that----　　A.genetic tests are not reliable 　　B.only man-made products are patentable 　　C.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon　　D.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests　　33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for---- 　　A.establishing disease comelations 　　B.discovering gene interactions 　　C.drawing pictures of genes 42 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　D.identifying human DNA 　　34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----　　A.the supreme court was authoritative　　B.the BIO was a powerful organization　　C.gene patenting was a great concern 　　D.lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs　　35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is---- 　　A.critical 　　B.supportive 　　C.scornful 　　D.objective 　　Text 4 　　The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, 43 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years。 　　No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending。 　　But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the 44 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。 　　Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。 　　In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict 45 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。 　　36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___。　　[A]seek subsidies from the govemment 　　[B]explore reasons for the unermployment 　　[C]make profits from the troubled economy 　　[D]look on the bright side of the recession　　37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____。 　　[A]realize the national dream 　　[B]struggle against each other 　　[C]challenge their lifestyle 　　[D]reconsider their lifestyle 　　38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____。 46 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants　　[B]bring out more evils of human nature 　　[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms　　[D]ease conflicts between races and classes　　39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____。 　　[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities 　　[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees　　[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’　　[D]recover more quickly than the others 　　40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____。 　　[A]certain 　　[B]positive 　　[C]trivial 47 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　[D]destructive 　Part B 　　Directions: 　　Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points) 　　“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not。 　　Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration。 48 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus On Famous Men, highlighting– the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders。 　　Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote 49 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life。 　　This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals。 　　Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that。” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but 50 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past。” 　　This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding from— gender to race to cultural studies were opened up as— scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs。 Section III Translation 　　46.Directions: 　　Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points) 51 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates 。　　Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make 。 　　Section IV Writing 　　Part A 52 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 　　47.Directions 　　Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to 　　1)make a complaint and 　　2)demand a prompt solution 　　You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2 　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead 。 　　48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should 　　1)describe the table ,and 　　2)give your comments 　　You should write at least 150 words(15points)　　某公司语工工作语意度语语 53 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 参考答案, 　　完形空, 填1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D 　　, TEXT121. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D 　　, TEXT226.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C 　　, TEXT331.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D 　　, TEXT436.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A 　　新语型, ,41-45AFGCE 　　小作文范文, Dear Sir or Madame, As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day. The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I 54 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work. I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full. I am looking forward to your reply 。at your earliest convenience 　　Sincerely yours, 　　Zhang Wei 55 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 56 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 57 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 58 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 59 2011-2012英语二考语语及其答案真 60