教师硬笔书写技能培训讲义

教师硬笔书写技能培训讲义 周文剑 前 言 教师基本功是教师的看家本领，是从事教学工作必须具备的最根本的职业技能。 如果说教学是技术加艺术，那么这种技术和艺术主要表现在教师课堂教学的基本功上面。只有加强教师的基本功练习才能为全面提高教师的综合素质，建立一支良好的教师队伍创造条件，也是适应实施素质教育及全面提高教育质量的必要条件。 课程 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 修订稿在总目标、学段目标、实施建议中都对写字作了明确要求—— 总目标要求: 能正确工整地书写汉字，并有一定的速度。 第一学段: 掌握汉字的基本笔画和常用的偏旁部首，能按笔顺规则用硬笔写字，注意间架结构。初步感受汉字的形体美。 写字姿势要正确，字要写得 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 、端正、整洁，努力养成良好的写字习惯。 第二学段: 能使用硬笔熟练地书写正楷字，做到规范、端正、整洁。用毛笔临摹正楷字帖。 第三学段: 硬笔书写楷书，行款整齐，有一定的速度。 实施建议: 写字教学要重视对学生写字姿势的指导，引导学生掌握基本的书写技能，养成良好的书写习惯。 汉字的书写技能是教师不可或缺的基本功。我们不苛求每位教师都成为书法家，但把汉字书写得正确、流畅、美观是教师的职业要求。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 字无百日功，这说明只要坚持不懈地训练是可以写好字的，但是要练好字绝非一朝一夕的事。 第一节 汉字的文化内涵 汉字是民族文化的化石，是历史的载体，是前人智慧的结晶，一点一画无不潜藏着丰富的审美和诗意，有着深厚的文化意蕴。汉字是民族文化的产物，同时又服务于文化，并且促进文化的发展，它自身又是文化的一部分。 品读汉字，就是在品味一种思想。汉字里所包罗的万象，是我们以及我们的孩子最为需要的。 我们一起来品几个字: “和” “和”，一个“禾”(禾苗、稻谷)，一个“口”，“禾”在“口”边。没饭吃，就要打仗，有饭吃，就能和，大家吃，是“共和”。 中国是礼仪之邦，“和”是礼仪中最基本的道德规范，“礼仪之用，和为贵。”天时不如地利，地利不如人“和”，两“和”皆友，“和”商共赢，“和”气生财，喝“和”酒，交真朋友。“和”的具体形态表现为求同心，求协力，避争斗，避怨仇。“和”的核心在于良好的人际关系、生态环境的建立。 人人从我做起，就能建起一个和谐社会。 “恕” “恕”，上为“如”，下为“心”，“如”是“如来”，“恕”就是“如来”之心。 宽恕别人的人，怀着的是一颗“如来”的博大、宽容之心。 人要学会宽容，因为每个人都会犯错，当你宽恕了别人的时候，心情格外轻松、格外平静、格外喜悦。 会犯错的人，是人;能宽恕别人的人，是佛。 再看几个笔画: “旦”，书写时，最后一横要写得长，否则整个字就会给人往下掉的感觉。这就是在告诉我们:人，要有责任感，要学会担当。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing “林”，第三笔原本是“捺”，现在变“点”。这就是在告诉我们:人，要学会谦让。 “圆”，一个“家”(口)，把所有成员包得严严实实的，再大的风雨也不怕，温暖，和谐，其乐融融。这就是在告诉我们:人，要学会包容。 “孝”，上“老”下“子”。这就是在告诉我们:孝，即是对血脉的尊重。 “好”，手写时，“子”部要稍比“女”部稍低一点，不可以老是大男子主义。这就是在告诉我们:人，要学会谦恭，才能合百年之好。 “中”，中竖画要立得正，否则字不稳。这就是在告诉我们:正直是做人之本。 品品汉字的文化内涵，我们会发现我们没有理由拒绝汉字——尤其是小学教师～ 第二节 钢笔的使用及书写要领 一、钢笔的类型 平片明尖型: 主要类型有:平片明尖型、大包头型和小包头型(暗尖型)。大包头型笔尖筒大舌粗、通气性能好，出水流畅，刚柔相济;小包头型笔尖筒小舌细，宜写较细和均匀的笔划;平片明尖型，尖平在外， 弹性好，适合书写粗细变化较大的线条。 大包头型: 小包头型: 钢笔是由笔尖、笔胆、笔杆、笔套等部件组成。但是，最关键的部件是笔尖，所以，我们在挑选钢笔时要注意以下几点: ?笔尖。笔尖由两片组成，两片必须粗细均匀，不然，使用一段时间后，由于力的作用， 较细的一片会上错，影响wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 书写效果或刮纸。 ?铱粒。铱粒是决定钢笔寿命长短和书写质量优劣的主要部件。一般来说，铱粒大，接触纸的面积也大，写出的线条粗、笔尖圆滑性能好;而铱粒小，接触纸的面积也小，因而写出的线条细，并且比较毛糙。但是，决定笔尖圆滑与否和手感是否舒适的主要原因还不是铱粒的大小，而是铱粒形状。铱粒是由两个半粒组成的，因此，两个半粒最好是均匀对称、大小相等，并且铱粒顶端要圆滑，呈半圆形，而不是平顶或尖顶型。 ?笔缝。笔画的粗细除与铱粒大小有关外，同时也决定于笔缝，即笔尖的夹缝。夹缝不宜过大，一般说来，笔尖对准光亮处，观察夹缝基本不透光为合适。 二、钢笔书写要求 ( 一)书写姿势 而且可以减轻疲劳，有益于健康，有利于良正确的书写姿势不仅有助于写好字， 好行为习惯的养成。 硬笔字的书写姿势要求头正略俯，腰直含胸(胸部离桌沿一拳)，两肩齐平，两臂对称张开，两肘轻放桌面，左手压纸，右手在胸前10厘米左右写字。两脚自然分开以肩同宽于地面，与臀部坐成“三足鼎立”。全身平正，舒展自然，静气凝神，姿态端庄文静。(头正、身直、臂开、足安) (二)执笔 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 大拇指、食指、中指自然弯曲，分别从三个方向捏笔，无名指和小指自然弯曲依次靠在中指下方;大拇指在笔杆左下侧，食指在笔杆右上侧，中指在笔杆下方;食指稍前，大拇指稍后;拇指和食指用第一指节前端(指肚)捏笔，中指用第一指节侧上部顶住笔;笔杆上端斜靠在食指的最高关节处，笔杆和纸面成45度左右;捏笔处离笔尖一寸(大约3厘米)左右;执笔要做到“指实掌虚”，就是手指握笔要实，掌心要空，小指不能碰手心;腕伸直，不能向内侧扭。 (三)钢笔字书写要领 钢笔书写是用指和腕的运动来实现各种点线的变化的。书写时应注意以下几点: 1.处理好三个过程:起笔—行笔—收笔。每处理一个笔画都要注意把三个过程交代清楚。 2.注意一个角度:起笔、顿笔一般都用斜落45?下笔。 3.把握好停顿、快慢:钢笔运笔的速度较快，但应有快慢轻重之分。笔按下，运笔则重，速度则慢，点画则粗;笔上提，运笔则轻，速度则快，点画则细。有快慢的字，优美灵动，气韵动人。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 书写时应注意掌握基本规律。直行的笔可以快一点，转折的笔画应该慢一点;运行轻处快一点，落笔重处慢一点。落笔收笔应稍重，行笔则稍轻。逢转必顿。 第三节 基本笔画书写要领 点的写法: 轻起笔，渐用力向右下行笔，顿笔回锋收笔。(此为右点写法，左点往左下行笔。) 横的写法: 起笔重，行笔向右较轻快，顿笔回锋收笔。(横有长横、短横、斜横几种形态变化。) 竖的写法 垂露:顿起，行笔垂直向下较轻快，顿笔回锋收笔。(短竖笔法同垂露) 悬针竖:写法同垂露，只是收笔时渐提笔出锋，收笔出尖。 撇的写法: 向右下作顿起笔，侧笔向左下行笔，渐提笔出锋，收笔出尖。撇有斜撇、竖撇、平撇、短撇几种形态变化。 捺的写法: 起笔较轻，略右行后便转向右下渐加力，行笔至捺脚处重按后向右平方向渐提笔出锋，收笔出尖。即“一波三折”。捺有斜捺、平捺两种形态变化。 提的写法: wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 起笔右下顿，略顿后转向右上渐提笔挑出锋，收笔出尖。提有平提、斜提两种形态变化。 竖勾的写法: 起笔顿后稍轻写竖，到起钩处顿笔后转向左偏上挑出，收笔出尖。 弯钩的写法: 起笔稍轻，由轻到重自右下向左下匀曲运笔，到与起笔处垂直线位上顿笔，后转向左偏上挑出，收笔出尖。 斜勾的写法: 起笔顿，自左向右下匀力稍曲行笔，至起钩处顿笔转向上挑出，收笔出尖。 卧勾的写法: 起笔稍轻，先向右下渐加力，再圆转向右平行笔，至钩处顿笔后转向上左挑出，收起笔尖。 竖弯钩的写法: 起笔写竖，再圆转向右平写短横，至末顿笔转向上挑出，收笔出尖。 竖提的写法: 起笔写竖，至末顿笔后转向右上斜挑出，收笔出尖。 横勾的写法: wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 起笔写横，至末顿笔后转向左下钩出，收笔出尖。 横折钩的写法: 起笔写横，顿笔后折向下写竖，至末顿后向左偏上挑出，收笔出尖。 横折弯钩的写法: 起笔写横，略斜，顿笔后折向下写竖，再圆转向右写横，至末顿笔向上挑出，收笔出尖。 竖折折勾的写法: 起笔写短竖，顿笔后折向右写短横，再顿笔后折向下偏左写竖弯钩。 横折提的写法: 起笔写短横，顿笔后折向下写短竖，再顿笔转向右上写斜提。 横撇弯钩的写法: 起笔写短横，顿笔后写短撇，顺接撇尖由轻到重写小弯钩，钩向左上。 横折折折勾的写法: 起笔写短横，略斜，顿笔后折向左下写短撇，不出尖折向右写短横，横右稍低，再顿笔折向左下写弯钩。 横折的写法: 起笔写横，顿笔后折向下稍偏向左写垂露竖。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 横撇的写法: 起笔写横，稍向右上斜，顿笔后转向写斜撇，收笔出尖。 撇折的写法: 起笔写短撇，不出尖顿笔后向右上写提，收笔出尖。 撇点的写法: 起笔写撇，不出尖顿笔后折向右下写长点，收笔较重。 竖折的写法: 起笔写垂露竖(有长、短之分)，顿笔后折向右写横，收笔较重。 竖弯的写法: 起笔写短竖，再圆转向右平方向写短横，收笔较重。 横折弯的写法: 起笔写短横，顿笔后折向下写短竖，再圆转向右写短横，收笔较重。 横折折撇的写法: 起笔写短横，略斜，略顿笔后折向左下写短撇，不出尖，接撇端折向右写小短横，再顿笔后折向左下撇出，收笔出尖。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 竖折撇的写法: 起笔写竖，稍向左斜，顿笔后折向右写短横，横稍向右上斜，再顿笔后向左下撇出，收笔出尖。 第四节 楷书结构的基本原理及结构形式 结构，是指将基本笔画组合成字的样式。要使每个字都写得正确、美观，就必须按一定的法则来组织笔画。 一、匀称原理 匀称就是指笔画的分布力求疏密有致、均匀适度，这是最基本的结构原则。书写时应注意四个方面: 1.横空均匀 一个字中只要有三个以及以上的横，横与横之间的空间高度应力求相等。如“春”、“月”、“里”、“律”等。 2.竖空均匀 一个字中只要有三个以及以上的竖，竖与竖之间的空间宽度应力求相等。如“曲”、“而”、“州”“盆”、“川”等。 3.满而不溢:在包围和半包围结构的字中，被包围部分要写得匀称居中，大小适度，使之整体统一。如“因”、“周”、“固”、“函”、“医”、“司”、“建”。 4.小大、大小:字因笔画的形体、笔画的多少及排列方式的不同，形体的大小也不一样。对形体小的字，应稍将其笔画写大一点，舒展一点;笔画多，形体大的字，应将其笔画写小一点、紧缩一点，这样大小适度，相称统一。如“大”、“小”、“国”、“口”、“醒”、“右”、“镜”、“田”等。 (二)协稳原理 协稳，就是协调平稳。字要平稳，字内的笔画与组字的各部分之间应协调。写时应注意: wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 对直接影响整个字面貌的主笔，如长横、长竖、长撇、长捺、戈钩等，应让其起到调整各部分之间的重量分配及对字体起到协调平稳的作用。如“史”、“中”、“少”、“戒”。上下结构或单一结构的字，应认准中线，合理安排左右的笔画，使之重心平稳，如“泰”、“皆”、“然”、“家”。如字体独立，下部窄小，则要将下部分写稳健，给人有底部虽小，但能承托上部压力的感觉，如“本”“幸”“豕”“素”;字体扁侧的部位，要倾斜适度，协调力量，掌握重心，如“力”“也”“句”“多”。 (三)大小原理 大小原理指的字体的是部分与部分，笔画与笔画之间大小变化，处理得当，能使字的结构错落有致。这里应注意如下几点: 1.注意贴附 在上下结构或左右结构的字中，两部分之间大小相差悬殊，较小的部分应注意贴附于较大的部分，加强字的整体感。如“花”“军”。 2.处理好上下，左右的大小变化 上大为天覆，下大为地载，它们均应写舒展，使之罩住下面，托稳上面;是上中下结构的，应将一部分向左右舒展，以求变化。如 ”“果”“崇”“苦”。左小右大的字，左边宜靠上写;左大“室”“登”“思 右小的字，右边宜靠下写，这样在视觉中可形成相对匀称的感觉。如“嗟”“碑”“凉”“灯”“仰”“都”“敷”“勤”等。 (四)争让原理 楷书的各部分之间不可全收，不可全放，收放应相顾，不可争而相撞，也不可放而留空，做到争让协调，完美统一。 有偏旁的字，偏旁与主体必须相顾统一，不可各自为政。如 “保”“沐”“贵”“盖”;左右结构、左中右结构、上下结构或上中下结构的字中，左右上下部分之间彼此相让，又相互依赖。笔画注意穿插，争让协调。如“功”“树”“考”“箩”。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing (五)变化原理 变化主要指一字中同类笔画在两笔及其以上的要考虑粗细、长短、方圆、曲直及形态的变化。“字无二捺”，如有两捺的字应将次要捺改成长点。一字之中主笔只有一个，主笔应写得舒展一些，其它笔画应写紧缩一点，这样主次分明，完美和谐。如“重”“青”“春”“效”“林”“勿”“州”“渐”。 (六)神势原理 笔画运行的方向，因笔画选用的不同而用不同的结构方法，是字产生动感，使字显现神彩的重要因素。如“之”的三笔行如流水动感很强;“非”“北”的向背取势，虽笔画大体相似，而结构别有风味;“来”“丈”虽笔画简少，却运笔路线清晰，意连效果明显，书写起来，形体潇洒;“陶”“医”等围框结构的字，力向内收，使之显得紧凑。 二、楷书结构形式分析 目前，从汉字结构形式的种类划分上，各流派虽然提出的名称不同，但一般均把汉字的结构分为两大类，即独体字和合体字。 (一)独体字 独体字是指以基本笔画组成而又不能分解为两个及其以上独立部分的字，如“人”“小”“兼”“少”等。如“构”“明”“志”“章”“谢”等能分成两个以上的独立部，不属于独体字。 独体字从笔画上可分为简笔画字和多笔画字。 简笔画独体字一般只有一至三画，如“乙”“一”“人”“十”“丁”“大”等。书写此类字时，所占位置应相当于多笔画字。为避疏松，书写时笔画应注意丰满舒展，特别要注意笔画重心平稳及位置得当。 多笔画独体字，如“兼”“夹”“禹”“垂”等。因其笔画较多，所以书写时要注意笔画间的疏密关系及笔画的交插搭配。 独体字从结构形式上可分为左斜、右斜、中分、聚中和穿插等形式。 呈左斜趋势的字，如“弓”“乃”等，要注意斜度适中，左画不可过长。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 呈右斜趋势的字，如“也”“戈”“乙”等，要注意右势笔画不可过长。这样左斜，右斜字，形斜而重心平稳。 中分字是指中间的竖笔将字一分为二的字。书写时要注意中分笔画不能歪斜，左右部分的位置和大小要适当，以免出现偏斜现象。如“乘”“申”“半”等。 聚中的字，如“水”“米”“来”等，写时应注意横平竖直，笔画由中心向四方幅射。 穿插笔画的字，如“又”“及”“史”等，笔画交插，位置要适当，长短要适度，使整体重心平衡。 独体字无论哪种形式，一定要注意将一个起支撑平衡作用的主笔写好。只要找准了主笔，写稳了主笔，字就平稳了。如以横为主笔的字，横应尽可能拉长，增加稳重感，如“丁”;以竖为主笔的字，竖应写正，尽量垂直，如“中”;以捺为主笔的字，撇的角度不宜大，且应用竖撇，上部靠近中垂线，如“贝”;以捺画 文”;以折为主笔的字，应看折的为主笔的字，应使撇捺交点在中垂线上，如“ 方向，呈内收势，如“习”“飞”;以钩为主笔的字，斜钩略长，如“成”“小”等。 (二)合体字 合体字是由两个以上的结构单位组合而成的字。从结构形式看，可以分为左右结构、左中右结构、上下结构、上中下结构、包围结构五大类。各类结构中因组合部分大小、长短、高低不同，应仔细辨别处理。 1.左右结构 相等组合:左右两部分基本相等。写这类字要笔画匀称左右呼应，有让有就，紧密结合。 宽窄组合:左右两部分宽窄不等，或左窄右宽，或左宽右窄。这类字以宽为主，窄要让宽，有主有次，务求和谐。 长短组合:左右长短不等，左长时，右居中;右长时，左靠上。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 错落组合:左右两部分长短相近，左高右低，或左低右高，错落安排，变化多姿。 并文组合:两个相同的独体字并合而成，宜左小右大，左缩右伸。 2.左中右结构 三部分不等:三部分宽窄不等有中窄、中宽、左窄中右宽几种情况，这类字以宽为主，窄要让宽，三部分才匀称协调。 三部分错落安排:中长两边宜短，中短两边宜长;有竖为收笔的右侧宜低。 3.上下结构 上宽(窄)下窄(宽):这类字向左右的笔画应写舒展，能覆盖下面或载住上面。 上长(短)下短(长):这类字不可上下平分，违背字的原形。 4.上中下结构 分上宽中下窄、中窄上下宽、中宽上下窄、下宽上中窄、上窄中下宽几种类型。书写时，上宽中下窄的字，上面的笔画伸展宽大，中间宜小，下面稍宽的响应上面;下宽上中窄的字，下面笔画伸展，以托其上;中宽上下窄的字，写时中间笔画向外舒展，上下基本一致。三种形体的字，注意上下压紧，两侧安排错落有致。 5.包围结构 两面包围:有左上包右下、左下包右上和右上包左下。这类字外部笔画应稍长，以包住内部。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 三面包围:有左包右、上包下、下包上。左包右时，外框上窄下宽，内部位置居中稍右;上包下时，外框左右相对，右边略强，内部位置居中稍高，不可下坠;下包上时，外框不宜高大，内部位置贴下框居中，不可悬空。 全面包围:外框要正，左右相对，内部笔画均匀，位置居中与外框稍有距离。 第五节 粉笔字书写技法 一、粉笔的特性及其执笔方法: 粉笔短而粗，无弹性，易折断，磨损快，属于硬笔。用笔要点如下: 利用指力、腕力书写;书写时保持写速稳定、适当用力，写速快慢、用力大小决定点、画的大小和粗细;书写过程中，适时转动粉笔，使笔头保持圆弧状，以求得线条均匀;用笔讲究提、按、行，但要求书写内力始终保持一致，笔笔到位。 黑板是竖立固定在墙上的，因此，粉笔字就只能站在黑板前，采用“站立悬臂”的姿势书写。书写时要注意做到:头平、身正、臂曲、足稳。体态自然大方，身体舒展灵活，写粉笔字正确的执笔方法是:用拇指、食指和中指捏笔，其位置贴近笔头，且三指虚握，指节外凸，粉笔呈斜卧式(与板面成 45?—50?夹角)。 二、粉笔字书写存在的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 1、笔画不规范，线条无力，有薄弱之感; 2、平拉硬拖，笔画僵硬呆板，无生动多变之美感; 3、结构比例失调，重心不稳，缺乏整体的稳定感; 4、字距过大或过小，行款不整齐，没有章法。 三、应对问题的技巧 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing (一) 临习优秀的碑帖。 进行粉笔字练习应从临写优秀的碑帖(碑:石刻、木刻等字的拓印件;帖:直接书写的 范本 协议范本下载族谱范本下载临帖范本下载公司章程范本下载监理月检范本下载 。)开始，且首先临写楷体。临写的范本很多，选择自己爱好的优秀范本来练习最佳，比如:唐小楷碑帖《唐灵飞经》或当代司马彦、李放鸣的钢笔字帖，在掌握了一种风格后，可广泛涉猎，以便把握共性，同时也便于融合。临写时，首先进行对临(仿写)——仿照范本来写，待熟练后，再背临——默写范字。临写是在了解所临碑帖的技法基础上进行的。所以，临写前要研究相关理论，用心读帖，然后进行笔画临写练习，熟练后再临写完整的字，待对所临写的字默写的很像后，进行全帖临写。按照以上要求反复进行，最终达到字写的好、整篇组合的美的目的。 (二) 把握粉笔字的书写技巧。 1、笔画练习:把握起笔、行笔、转折和收笔的要领:“起笔收笔有力量，轻重自然见分晓”，做到“笔笔到位”。 写好粉笔字，结字是关键，笔画是基础。粉笔字的行笔要求和一般硬笔一样:起笔顿、行笔快、收笔顿、拐弯顿;行笔要稳健，用力要均匀，使线条有力、流畅。写转折笔画时，在转折处要有顿挫用笔，写曲线笔画时，手应随笔画的弯曲而捻转粉笔，忌随意用笔而使线条形成折带状，造成线条无力，有薄弱之感;比如“刀、奶、荡”，收笔一般要有“回笔”之势，勾、撇、提、悬针等收笔要顺势提笔而出，但须保持内力不变、力送到头。比如:“人、参、钟、场”。 由于粉笔字书写应有适当的速度，起、收笔的藏笔效果并不明显，有“意”即可，但无论书写主要位置笔画还是次要位置笔画，必须做到笔笔到位。 笔画的具体写法如下: 点——虚起笔渐按下回笔作收势。 横——按笔起笔，有藏笔之势，后右行，按下回笔作收势。 竖——按笔起笔，有藏笔之势，后下行，或按下回笔作收势(垂露)，或顺势提笔呈悬针状。 撇——按笔起笔，有藏笔之势，左撇出，稍行便顺势提笔。 捺——按笔起笔，稍有藏笔之势，后右下行，呈一波三折状，再顺势提笔出锋。 提——按笔起笔，有藏笔之势，后顺势向右上提笔。 折——按笔起笔，有藏笔之势，后行笔至折处停笔，再按笔写折后行笔，按下回笔收笔。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 勾——横勾似折，但折后顺势提笔斜出锋;竖勾如竖，但在竖画按下回笔时顺势向左上提笔出锋;弧形勾的起笔，按笔有藏笔之势，后行曲线，边行边转笔至勾处回笔，顺势提笔出锋。 2、把握结构:正确处理粉笔字的结构关系，使笔画组合得当、字体严谨美观。 进行粉笔字练习关键是笔画组合，组合的关键在于正确处理笔画间的位置关系、穿插呼应关系等。 (1)保持字的外形呈“方”形 粉笔字是方块字，但字的方正不是绝对的，而是整体感觉。大部分字只是某些笔画的起笔或收笔端点处于方块之边缘(极少部分略超出)，而其它地方都在方块之内。在练习过程中应首先形成“字为方形”的认识，然后注意恰当的表现字的整体方的感觉:方块边缘的笔画及相交于方块边缘的笔画定好位，不靠边的笔画写到位。如:血、巨。 (2)分析结构和比例 进行粉笔字练习，分析研究组合结构各部分所占比例的大小对准确定位每个字的笔画有很重要的作用。在初学时，可有意划分组合结构(参见第四节)字型各部分的比例，经过反复练习把握组合比例，最终能够做到出手便符合比例。比如:左、右、假、意。 (3)体现上紧下松特征 粉笔字结构如同人体结构，大部分上部构成紧凑，下部构成舒展。从美学观点来讲，只有疏密搭配得当，才能产生美感。在一个画面中，物象组合“疏能跑马，密不透风，”而且过渡层次适当，形式美感强。一个字就是一个画面——上紧而不挤满，下松而不空缺，松紧对比适度，构成协调美观。进行粉笔字练习如若把握上紧下松规律，便可突破笔画组合“排列易均匀”的难点。比如:架、霄。 (4)强调内紧外松 进行粉笔字练习强调把每一个字写成“个”，不能有松散之感。解决的办法是将字写的内部紧凑，外部舒展。结体严谨、形不散的字，犹如所有笔画均向中心集中，具有凝聚力，形成一个整体;又如从中心向外发散，到外部很舒展，具有洒脱之感。可见，粉笔字的内外聚散对比既是决笔画排列均匀问题的手段，又是形成字形美观的条件。 (5)注意左收右放 粉笔字的另一个显著特点是左边笔画呈收势，右边笔画较开放。这种收放对比很能凸现字的精神，给人以神气十足之感。造成粉笔字左收右放的原因有二:其一，笔画个性的影响所致——处于左边的笔画大多具有收势特点，而右边的大多则相wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 反;其二，结构变化的需要所致——对比产生美，变化见精神。在练习中，一般强调字的结构上的收敛与放开，即字的左边部分收敛些，右边部分放开些。依据左收右放原则训练，可防止出现写字全面放开，四面“开花”，张扬无对比，平淡无味道问题，也可避免出现笔画写不到位，开放不足，收势有余，小气拘谨问题。比如:故、认、林、树。 (6)适宜穿插 务求呼应 粉笔字的笔画位置并无多大调整空间，书写时相差一点也感觉不舒服，尤其关乎笔画间相互联系的一些微妙处理更让练习者犯难。因此，笔画如何争让穿插、怎么呼应、穿插呼应到什么程度才能处理好笔画的位置关系，成为摆在练习者面前的一项艰巨任务。有效的解决方法是: ?注意观察范字，认识笔画穿插呼应的作用，如:切、以。 ?通过训练把握规律，熟练写法:笔画的合理争让穿插使字的各部分间增强了联系，笔画间的相互照应使字形神不离。如:爽、樊。 (7)力求重心稳定 粉笔字虽然是方块字，但大部分均衡而不对称，在书写时稍不注意会使重心偏移，而出现东倒西歪现象。重心是支持汉字的中心点，找准了重心，安排笔画，不偏不斜，就能把字写端正平稳。 一般支撑字的重心的笔画的笔画主要有两类:一类由横竖直笔画组成，如平、木、五、世，要把横竖画写得平直有力，像栋梁一样，支撑整个字的重心，另一类是斜向笔画，主要是撇画、捺、勾画等，如少、之、成、乃等字要在斜中求平衡，注意掌握好笔画的斜度和弧度，以保持整个字的重心平衡，有两个以上笔画支撑字的重心的，重心一般在这两个笔画之间，要注意保持平衡对称，比如“井、面、天、令”;有两个以上的相同结构单位结成的字，重心一般在这些结构的中间或下部，如“朋、多、晶、森”。 (8)牢记“空放与满收” 因粉笔字是方形字，所以在方框内练习十分方便。但在方框内练习时必须明确哪些笔划顶格,哪些笔划收缩,什么样的字笔划破格,根据人的视觉感受分析:凡平行于方框线的笔划给人以扩张感，故而书写这类笔划应适当收缩，称为满收，如写“国”字;凡与方框相交的笔划顶格书写使人感到较为恰当，如写“单”字。而与方框相交点少的字，置于框内来写则显小，如菱形字“令” ，对此，只有适当破格才感觉大小适宜。事实上，写粉笔字追求的是视觉上的大小一致，而实际上的不一致。那么，在书写时只有适时空放满收，才能保持字的整体感觉大小适当。 (三) 反复练习，培养自己“定格”的能力 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 教师进行粉笔字练习是为了提高板书质量的目的非常明确。在板书时，要求教师不但做到运用背临默写方法书写，能够体现出练习水平，还强调板书布局。所以，粉笔字的板书布局练习应成为教师练习的又一个重点。板书布局练习的一般要求如下: 1.进行版面设计 板书前要进行版面设计，以确保板书时心中有数。版面设计主要包括板书内容的位置设计和版面的形式设计两部分。版面应遵循边距?篇距?行距?字距的原则进行设计。板书一般要求横排，少用竖排。 2(强调整体美观 整篇字的组合是板书布局的重点和难点，其效果直接影响视觉感受。整篇板书组合的美包含字写的漂亮和字排列的得体两层意思。板书要达到整体美观、一气呵成的标准，需要进行坚持不懈的练习，直至具备“定格”的能力——出手便能写好每个字，并能在第一个字写好后顺势写好第二个、第三个„„且确保其大小、疏密(黑白)等恰当，神态、节奏等有较好的体现。具备了“定格”能力，板书就到了“生发”的境界，板书就可成为作品——创作，一篇整体美的板书就会跃然于“纸”上。 (四) 建立自信，保持“提笔即是练字时”的良好习惯，时时处处多观察、多揣摩。 写粉笔字不仅要求规范，还讲求写的有精神——传神。同样一个人写字，有时写的神气灵动，有时写的无精打采，主要原因是状态问题。当你精神饱满，情绪高涨，具有强烈的书写欲望的时候(有灵感)，当你在书写时协调状态良好，就如写信一样，无拘无束的用“心”去表现，情感融入其中之时，你所写的粉笔字就有一气呵成之感，就有神气之感。所以，写粉笔字不可为写字而写，不可在心事重、心不静的状态下去写，不可无所用心的去写。寄情于书，借字抒怀，则形神兼备。 四、几点感想 1(选择字帖。最好选用适合自己书写特点的钢笔字帖作为练粉笔字的参考范本。 2(临帖方法。全面反复临写，举一反三，触类旁通，做到练习为了运用。 3(粉笔字要求横写成直列。切忌忽上忽下蚯蚓混沙。因而初学时最好在黑板上划上通行格子，一丝不苟地认真练习。久而久之，形成一种技能，便随手划上亦成规矩了。 4(练写时，写一会儿，退立远处，观察对比，分析研究，扬长避短，不断提高。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing 5(经常看粉笔字写得好的板书，相互研讨练习时切勿急躁，持之以恒，自然会有长足进步。 实践告诉我们，进行粉笔字书写和应用练习，只要方法得当，严格标准，刻苦训练，学用结合，人人都能得到不断提高。但要提高档次，必须善于分析，勤于思考，在练习中理解，不断提高悟性，参透书写奥妙，还需共同探讨，相互学习，不断克服高原现象，不断提高欣赏水平，不断增强表现能力。作为教师，写粉笔字应在把字写得规范、写得有精神上下工夫，无须进行过多的追求。 字，是知识的衣裳。作为教师，奉献给学生的不仅是科学理论知识，还应有丰富的情感和美，愿每一位教师能通过自己一手漂亮的板书向学生传授知识、传递美。 wishes of the people, and ensure that Government policy reflected the fundamental interests of the people. To improve writing ability. This is Office cadres must have a basicWork that reflects to some extent the level of Office work, displaying the image. The comrades of the Office attaches great importance to strengthening the cultivation of comprehensive ability of text, ensuring the drafting of documents, processing of documents guidelines clear and reflect true expression text is accurate, concise, correct. Third, strengthen the construction of style, creating a good image. Office staff worked in leadership, a special status, you must put the style construction in an important position, always keep a good mental state and focus on creating good pragmatic, efficient, precise, clean image. To carry forward the action, results-oriented style. To tell the truth, do solid work, realistic effect throughout the work of the Office of the whole process. To tell the truth was mixed news, worrying news; and do practical things, is not tokenism, not showy, and effectiveness, is trying to implement. Issued documents, coordination problems, if the matter, are caught in the end, through solid work, and promote increased Office service. To promote just do, and vigorous style. A prominent feature is the time critical of the work of the Office. This requires that the staff in the actual work of the Office, must establish a strong sense of time, do things quick, efficient, and resolutely overcome balanced, tardiness, finger-pointing