精华版if引导的虚拟语气讲解
if引导的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断
1、可以把条件句分为两类:
1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如:
?、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。) 2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition):当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如:
?、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ?、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。
(3)、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.(如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。)
2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:?与过去事实相反。?与现在事实相反。?与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即:在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是: ?与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
?与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
?与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例:
?、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ?、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ?、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 一、与过去事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
Should
Would + have+过去分词
If had+过去分词
could
might
二、与现在事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
Should
1.动词过去式(或were) Would +动词原形
If
2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形 could
might
三、与将来事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
1.should+动词原形 Should
2.动词过去式 Would +动词原形
If
3(were to+动词原形 could
might
4、注意事项
?如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if，并在从句中采用倒装语序。
(1)If she were here, she would agree with us. ?Were she here, she would agree with us.
(2)If it should happen, what would you do? ?Should it happen, what would you do? (3)If he had recognized me, he would have come over. ?Had he recognized me, he would have come over.
?在现代英语中if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be动词，其过去形式一般用were。
5.
总结
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以上3大类情况属于if引导的非真实条件句的虚拟语气的常见基本形式，但其所有形式绝不仅限于此。如:
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 这显然是假设条件与过去相反，而主句表达现在情况的混合虚拟语气句，并且没有任何语法错误。因此需要说明的是，要学好虚拟语气，对句意的理解才是根本。
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