高考语言运用题

高考语言运用题 * * 高考语言运用题 压缩语段 2(下面的材料从四个方面对二胡作了介绍，请筛选信息，保留各方面的主要内容，压缩成一段文字，不超过60个字。(5分) ?? 二胡是中国的一种很奇妙的乐器，是胡琴的一种，比京胡大，也叫南胡，二胡的构造很简单:由一根长约80厘米的细细的木制琴杆、内外两根琴弦、琴杆下端的蒙着蟒皮或蛇皮的琴筒构成，琴筒呈茶杯形，用木或竹制成，蟒皮或蛇皮是制作二胡的重要材料;用马尾做的琴弓演奏，这与小提琴同样用马尾做琴弓是一样的。二胡声音低沉圆润，听起来略带忧伤，常用来表达比较深沉的情感。二胡产生的历史悠久，又比较容易学习，因此是深受中华民族喜爱的乐器，是中国民间普及率比较高的乐器。 ?? 二 胡 是 参考大案: 二胡是胡琴的一种，由琴杆、琴弦和蒙着蟒皮(蛇皮)的琴筒构成，用马尾琴弓演奏，声音低 沉圆润，是深爱中华民族喜爱的乐器。 ?? 以上只是举例。写出二胡的类属，给1分;写出构成，给2分;写出声音，给1分;写出评价，给1分。超过字数，扣1分。“构成”如写为“由琴杆、琴弦和琴筒构成，用琴弓演奏”，只给1分。 二 全国卷2 ?? 4(请筛选、整合下面文字中的主要意思，拟写一条“麽术”的定义。要求语言简明，条理清楚，不超过50个字。(5分) ?? 魔术这种杂技节目以不易被观众察觉的敏捷手法和手段，使物体在观众眼前出现奇妙的变化，或出现或消失，真可谓变化莫测。这种表演常常借助物理、化学的原理或某种特殊装置表演各种物体、动物或水火等迅速增减隐现的变化，令观众目不暇接，产生奇幻莫测的神秘感觉。魔术广受人民群众的喜爱。 ?? 魔 术 是 参考答案: 借助物理、化学原理或特殊装置，以不易察觉的敏捷手法，使物体出现、消失或产生奇妙变化的一种杂技。 of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious ?? 或:以迅速敏捷的技巧或用特殊装置把实在的动作掩盖起来，使观众感觉到物体忽有忽无，奇幻莫测的一种杂技。 ? 五 福建卷 为下面的短文续写一个画龙点睛的结尾。?? 创造时尚的人 ?? 一天，在英国小镇莱切，一个青年人走到一家化工厂楼下时，被楼上倒下来的一桶化学物质弄脏了头发。他没钱去理，就那么留着，红红黄黄的留了几天，惹得大街上许多青年人纷纷追逐，然后又去效仿。结果，有家理发店抓住时机，专门找人研制出各种染发的颜料，满足了新奇者的愿望。这一现象一直扩大到全球，成为一种典型的时尚。 ?? 在巴西，一个乡下女孩进城时，她的姥姥在她的裤子上绣了几朵花，这本来是很土很落后的手工艺，早就被淘汰了。可老太大太实在没钱打扮自己的孙女，只能力所能及地绣上几朵花。但没想到，那时候城里的女人正为“没得穿”而发愁，她们看到女孩子的裤子时，不觉眼睛一亮，爱美的城里女人纷纷效仿。于是，满大街都是绣了花的裤子。这种裤子先是在欧洲流行，后来又传到了亚洲。 ?? 参考答案: 示例一:许多时尚的创造，往往是那些不起眼的小人物或者干脆就是穷人的无奈之举。 示例二:许多时尚的发明，开始并非都是乐事，而往往源白普通人的苦涩经历。 六 广东卷 ?? 16. 提取下面一段话的主要信息，写出四个关键词语。(4分) ?? 从甲骨文到草书、行书的各种书法艺术，间接的反映了现实某些方面的属性，将具体的形式集中概括为抽象的意象，通过视觉来启发人们的想象力，调动人们的情感，使人们从意象中体味到其间所蕴含的美。这也是一些讲书法的文章里常说的“舍貌取神”——舍弃客观事物的具体现象特征，而摄取其神髓。 ?? of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious 参考答案: 书法、意象、体味、神髓 七(湖北卷.提取下列材料中的要点，整合成一个单句，解释“端午节”。(不超过35字)(4分) ?? ? 端午节是我国民间的一个传统节日，又是称端阳节。 ?? ? 端午节的时间是在每年的厦历五月初五这一天。 ?? ? 端午节的起源说法不一，但大多认为源于纪念投汩罗江自沉的战国时楚国爱国诗人屈原。 ?? ? 过端午节人们通常要赛龙舟，今年湖北就举行了龙舟竞赛渡活动，香港、澳门也派了代表队参加。 ?? ? 过端午节时南方各省区人们通常要吃粽子，这是用箸叶包裹糯米而煮成的一种食品。 ?? 端午节是 参考答案: (端午节是)我国夏历五月初五以吃粽子、赛龙舟等形式纪念屈原的一个民间传统节日。 八 江西卷 ?? ?? 23(概括下面一项研究的结论。(不超过35个字)(4分) ?? 对哥斯达黎加4 000余人的一项研究发现，大约一半人具有让“咖啡因”在体内停留的遗传特点，被认为是“‘咖啡因’代谢缓慢者”。这些人喝咖啡容易导致心脏病的发作。另一半人则有相反的遗传特点，这种特点使他们的身体能迅速对“咖啡因”进行代谢，喝咖啡反倒能帮助他们降低心脏病发作的危险。一位参与研究的人说，此项发现能解释为什么早先那些检验“咖啡因”对心血管系统影响的研究会出现不同的结果。 参考答案: “咖啡因”导致或降低心脏病发作的危险，取决于两种相反的遗传特点。 九 辽宁卷 ?? 25(请根据下列语句，给“流星雨”下定义。 3分 of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious ?? 要求:必须为单句，语序合理，不得丢掉语句中的信息 可增删词语 。 ?? ?流星雨是流星群与地球相遇时产生的一种自然现象。 ?? ?流星雨发光的原因是受大气摩擦。 ?? ?流星雨发出的光亮如同从一点迸发出的焰火。 ?? ?流星雨如下雨一般。 参考答案: 流星雨是流星群在与地球相遇时，因受大气摩擦发出如同从一点迸发的焰火般的光亮而又状如下雨的一种自然现象。 十一 四川卷 ?? 31(请根据下列文字概括我国自主研发的磁浮列车的优点。不超出20字。(3分) ?? 最近，我国自主研发的第一辆具有自主知识产权的磁浮列车成功通过了室外实地运行联合试验。列车采用的是常导电磁吸引力控制悬浮原理，运行中列车悬浮8~10毫米，时速在80~160公里之间。由于磁浮列车是在路轨上悬浮行驶，没有轨轮的机械磨损，因此列车运行平稳而安静。据了解，与时速可达500公里左右的高速磁浮列车相比，这种中低速磁浮列车成本低，适合城市内部和市郊卫星城之间的快速运输。 ?? 参考答案: 运行平稳安静，成本低，适合短途快速运输。 天津卷.请将下面的译文改写成三个短句。 3分) ?? 传统的现代派绘画――由毕加索、康定斯基、马蒂斯以不同的方式发展起来的抽象艺术是以高度发达的审视技能以及对其他绘画和艺术史的熟谙程度为先决条件的。 ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious 1.传统的现代派绘画是抽象艺术。 2.它是由毕加索、慷定斯基、马蒂斯以不同方式发展起来的。 3.它是以高度发达的审视技能以及对其他绘画和艺术史的熟谙程度为先决条件的。 山东卷(把下列句子组成意思完整、前后街接、语序最恰当的一段话。(只写句子的序号)(3分) ?? ?雪落在城外，也落在城内。 ?? ?温暖的房间里，有人用汤匙慢慢搅动一杯蜜汁。 ?? ?隔看结冰的河流，对岸是华灯灿烂的城市。 ?? ?杯勺碰响的和声里，浓浓淡淡的花香冲遇开来，难起多少鲜艳的回忆。 ?? ?蜜是花的情感，是融化的琥珀。 ?? ?这是当天从资料人那里买来的。 ?? 序号: ?????? 江西卷(以“地上的狮、虎”为开头，重组下面的句子。(可适当增删词语，但不能增减信息)(4分) ?? 天鹅在水中为王，是凭着一切足以缔造太平世界的所有美德，如高尚、尊严、仁厚等等;而地上的狮、虎，空中的鹰、鹫就不是这样，都只以善战称雄，以逞强行凶统治群众。 ?? 答:地上的狮、虎 空中的鹰、鹫，都只以善战称雄，以逞强行凶统治群众;而天鹅就不是这样，它在水中为王，是凭着一切足以缔造太平世界的所有美德，如高尚、尊严、仁厚等等。 题型一:写新闻点评 ????????? 北京卷 23(新闻点评就是用简约的文字对新闻进行评论，请点评下面的这则新闻。要求:见解独到，是非分明，不超过30字 4分 ????????? 新学期初，某大学爱心社联合十多所高校，推出了为期3天的“爱心大巴”免费接站活动，在北京站前接送同学。由于受到返校大学生的怀疑、猜测，of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious 乘客寥寥，而无偿提供的矿泉水和小点心也因无人问津成了摆设。学子们的爱心变成了伤心。 点评:??? ????? [命题剖析]新闻点评是新闻评论的一种，它比短评还要简短。它以新闻报道为依托，从具体事实中画龙点睛地评说，或褒或贬，旗帜鲜明地点明要害。这道题在往年的高考中都没有涉及过，着重考查学生分析问题的能力和语言运用的能力。 参考答案 “爱心大巴”遭怀疑，大学生不信任感拷问学校教育，折射社会现状。 ??????[指点迷津]1(要读懂新闻。对所提供的新闻要认真阅读，了解这个新闻的有关背景，熟悉其主要事件及相关细节，把握其精神实质，这样就为点评点评打下了基础。?? ?????? 2.要评在点上。点评的篇幅很小，但要选好角度，提炼观点，一语中的，目标集中、准确，而不可分散，什么都想评。 ????????? 3(要评得有理。好的点评应做到以理以法阐释，导向鲜明，事理清晰，鞭辟人里，以理服人，发人深省，切不可无理取闹，凭空漫说。 ????????? 4(要评得生动。点评要讲究艺术性，言简意赅，干净利落，力求新颖、鲜明、生动，具有说服力和感染力。在语言上还要尽量做到生动形象有文采，给人以赏心悦目之感，避免死板、陈旧。 题型二:写一条建议 ????????? 北京卷 24(请以“我的一条建议”为标题写出一段文字，为办好北京奥运进言献策。 5分 ??? ????????? 要求:?内容合理、具体、语言通顺，不少于80字。 ??????????????? ?不得写出建议人的单位、姓名。??? ????????? ????? ? ????????? [命题剖析]该题是以“写一条建议”的形式考查考生感受生活的能力和语言表达简明、得体的能力。建议是一种传统的实用文体 of 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious