2008年上海市高考英语新题型解题指导

2008年上海市高考 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 新 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 型解题指导 于冬梅 2008年，上海市英语高考题型在原有的基础上做了一些变动，语法与词汇部 分由原来的20道选择题(16道语法题加上4道词汇题)改为Section A和Section B两个部分，其中Section A仍然由16道语法选择题构成，而Section B则改为 一篇短文，短文中有九处被挖空，短文前，给考生提供编号为A-J的十个 单词 英语单词 下载七年级上册英语单词表下载英语单词表下载深圳小学英语单词表 下载高中英语单词 下载 ， 要求考生根据文章内容，选出其中九个填到正确的位置，一个单词只能使用一次， 目的是考查考生的词汇知识及在语境中运用词汇的能力。而原来的两篇完形填 空，每篇10个小题，压缩为一篇，改为15个小题。 这一改变是英语考试观念上的一大进步，改变了以前在没有上下文语境的独 立的句子中考查单词运用能力的不科学的做法，对于考生而言，这是一个好消息， 因为只要考生具备基本的语法和词汇能力，把握这样题型的基本解题技巧，这道 题的得分率会远远高于以前的词汇单选题以及完形填空题。 下面我们来全面分析一下新题型，且看上海市教育考试院汇编的《上海卷考 试手册》中所提供的样题: Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. facilities B. different C. access D. strongly E. assesses F. empty G. used H. lived I. hardly J. uninterrupted Dear editor, It has been proposed that all the study rooms operated by the Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs Associations should be closed. I am ____1____ in favour of this proposal. These study rooms were a very good idea when they were first opened. At that time, most families ___2___ in very hot and crowded flats and it was extremely difficult for students to find somewhere quiet and ____3____ to study. Now, however, the situation is totally __4___. Not so many students live in such difficult home conditions. There are also more alternative places for students to study. Most of them have better and more up-to-date___5___, such as public libraries which have _____6____ to the internet. Additionally, many schools are more flexible now, and allow students to study in air-conditioned rooms after school hours. As a result of these changes, the study rooms operated by the Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs Associations are ___7___ used for most of the year. For much of the time they are completely ____8____. In fact, they are only occupied at all for a month or two before the public examinations. This is a serious waste of space and resources. These rooms could be ___9___ for other activities, which would be popular throughout the year---such as indoor sports, games and internet services. For these reasons, I support the proposed closure of the Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs Associations study rooms. Yours faithfully, 1 Chris Wong 选项中有两个名词:facilities, access;三个形容词:empty, different, uninterrupted;两个副词:hardly, strongly;三个动词:lived, used, assesses. 考生 在做题的时候可以采取以下的步骤，首先，通读一遍全文，了解文章大意，在阅 可以及时填上去，如第2题填lived，第4题读的过程中，对于比较简单的空格 填different;然后，在了解文章大意的基础上，仔细阅读含有空格的语句，从语 法和词义两方面结合分析此空缺少什么样的单词，如第9题很容易判断出此处需 填used，第3、8题根据前面的be动词，马上能推断出需要填上两个形容词，在 empty, uninterrupted之中很容易能根据词义将它们分配到合适的空格中，第3题 因为前面的quiet，选uninterrupted(不被干扰的)非常合乎题意，第8题为empty; 根据基本语法 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf ，考生应该能够判断出第5、6题缺少名词，在两个名词中， 如果考生知道have access to这一搭配，或者facilities的含义，那么就很容易得 出结论了。剩下的第1、7题，考生通过仔细观察，会发现这两句话从主谓宾结 构上已经是非常完整了，那么欠缺的应该是副词，从句意上看第1题“strongly in favor of (强烈支持)”，非常通顺。而第7题“are hardly used (几乎没被使用过)”， 符合文义。 以上是对官方样题的解读。我们再来看一篇选自某练习册的题目，分析一下 除了以上提到的基本解题思路外，考生还需要注意哪些方面。 A. since B. suffered C. limit D. useless E. hired F. go G. bike H. adventures I. change J. heads Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. "Football, tennis, cricket--- anything with a round ball, I was ____1____," he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire, England. It was a mountain ____2____ he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon. The following year he met John Ridgway and was ____3___ as an instructor at Ridgway's school of adventure in Scotland, where he learnt about Ridgway's . Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole cold-water exploits explorers and ____4____, the decided that this would be his future. In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He ____5____ frostbite, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the ____6___, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice. Saunders has ____7___become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he's skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the ____8___. Next October, Saunders, 27, ____9___ south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis. 本篇方框中所提供的单词比官方样题中的单词要复杂一些，主要体现于一个 单词多种词性，如limit，change，adventures，heads既可作动词又可作名词，特 2 别是head作动词时的含义为“朝„前进”，这就要求考生能熟练掌握一个单词多 种词性以及多种含义，在初看这些词时不要先入为主，把某单词的意思单一化， 从而限制了自己的理解思路。此题还有一个难点，那就是since，同学们对该词 通常是掌握了它的连词用法，以及词组ever since，而对于它作为副词用于have done之间，表示“后来”之意，不大熟悉。当然，这道题可以放到最后做，在 since和go之间做出选择还是比较容易的。(参考答案:1. D 2. G 3. E 4. H 5. B 6.C 7. A 8.I 9. J) 再来看看下篇范例: A. add B. rearranged C. contain D. find E. pause F. head G. unroll H. command I. assume J. prepare It's 2035. You have a job, a family and you're about 40 years old. Welcome to your future life. Getting ready for work, you ___1___ in front of the mirror, "Turn red," you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronic are ___2__ in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe that you are 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You're not even middle-aged. As you go into the kitchen and ___3___ to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear: "To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that," from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to ___4____ out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. "Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?" A list of possible foods appear on the counter as kitchen checks its food supplies. "Ready for your trip to space. You ask your son and daughter." In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space.— and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacation. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you ___5___, "The doctor said you need these for space travel." Thanks to medical advices, vaccination shots are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods ___6___ specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids ____7___for the front door. It's time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. "My office. Autopilot," you ____8___. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and ____9___ your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video films rather than read it 这篇文章要求填写的单词全部都是动词，那么对考生对于词义的掌握要求更 高，特别像add一词，在本文中的含义是“又说道;接着说”，而这一用法平时 为同学所忽视。另外，像unroll一词，高考词汇手册中只有roll(vi. 滚动，转动 vt.使滚动;卷，绕 n.卷;滚动;名单，花名册)，根据上下文以及基本的构 词法知识，考生必须猜出unroll为“打开(卷着的东西)”之意。在官方样题中 也出现了uninterrupted一词，要求相同。(参考答案:1. E 2. B 3. J 4. D 5. A 6.C 7. F 8.H 9. G) 综上所述，考生要在新题型中得高分，必须做到以下两点: 3 一、 基础知识储备要充分。首先，要把握基本句法知识，了解单词的词性， 知道句中空缺的地方需要什么词性的单词，如果是动词，那么需要动 词的什么形式，如果是名词，那么要考虑单复数的问题，如果是形容 词或副词，还要考虑是否比较级或最高级形式，这样就可以在同样是 名词或动词的范畴中进行筛选，提高正确率。其次，当然是夯实自己 的词汇量，对于核心词汇，不仅要知道其最常用的含义，还要了解它 的特别用法，对有多种词性的词，要关注它的各种词性及其含义。再 次，考生要具备基本的构词法知识，了解常见前缀、后缀的含义，培 养自己的猜测词义的能力。 二、 把握基本解题思路。 第一步、浏览方框中的单词，基本看清它们的词性。 第二步、快速通读全文，了解文章大意，对于非常明显的答案，立刻 选出，并在方框中将其划去。 第三步、细读含空格的语句，结合词性和词义推测正确答案，对于确 定的答案，在方框中将其划去。 第四步、仔细推敲剩余的模棱两可的语句，充分利用上下文语境、词 汇知识、语法知识、语感等各方面的资源，选出最后的答案。 4