制作幻灯片的十项顶级技巧

制作幻灯片的十项顶级技巧 《演示之禅—职场必知的幻灯片秘技》的作者Garr大师对如何制作高质量的幻灯片给出了十项建议。 1.Keep it simple 1.保持简单 PowerPoint采用水平，或“横向”的方式布局幻灯片。该软件 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 了一种便 捷的方式来展示图形信息，以对发言人和演示者作补充支持。幻灯片本身不是“展 示明星”（当然，您的听众才是明星）。人们来听你演讲，被您的演讲所感动， 或获取知识（或者两者兼有）。因此，在演示的时候，不要让你的演讲被那些复 杂、混乱的幻灯片扰乱了，也不要让您的幻灯片充满了爱德华•塔夫特所说的“图 表垃圾”。永远不要让您的幻灯片出现多余的内容。 Your slides should have plenty of "white space" or "negative space." Do not feel compelled to fill empty areas on your slide with your logo or other unnecessary graphics or text boxes that do not contribute to better understanding. The less clutter you have on your slide, the more powerful your visual message will become. 您的幻灯片应该留有足够的“空白空间”或“负空间”。不要强迫自己用logo 标识、不必要的图形，以及根本无助更好理解的文本框去填充幻灯片上的那些空 白区域。幻灯片上的杂乱越少，视觉效果就越好。 2.Limit bullet points & text 2.少用项目符号和文本 Your presentation is for the benefit of the audience. But boring an audience with bullet point after bullet point is of little benefit to them. Which brings us to the issue of text. The best slides may have no text at all. This may sound insane given the dependency of text slides today, but the best PowerPoint slides will be virtually meaningless with out the narration (that is you). Remember, the slides are meant to support the narration of the speaker, not make the speaker superfluous. 您演示的目的是为观众带来一些有用的东西。但是一个接一个的项目符号除了让 观众感到无聊至极外，不会让他们觉得有任何意思。文本问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 是什么带来的？最 好的幻灯片可以根本不用文本。鉴于如今对文本幻灯片是如此依赖，这句话听起 来有些荒唐。但是最好的PPT幻灯片如果没有解说（您的解说），那将是毫无意 义的。记住，幻灯片的目的是为了支持讲话人的解说，而不是喧宾夺主，让讲话 人显得多余。 Many people often say something like this: "Sorry I missed your presentation. I hear it was great. Can you just send me your PowerPoint slides?" But if they are good slides, they will be of little use without you. Instead of a copy of your PowerPoint slides, it is far better to prepare a written document which highlights your content from the presentation and expands on that content. Audiences are much better served receiving a detailed, written handout as a takeaway from the presentation, rather than a mere copy of your PowerPoint slides. If you have a detailed handout or publication for the audience to be passed out after your talk, you need not feel compelled to fill your PowerPoint slides with a great deal of text. 很多人经常这样说：“不好意思，我错过了您的演讲。我听说您讲的非常棒。能 否将您的PPT幻灯片发给我吗？”但是如果那些幻灯片真是不错的话，离开了您 用处就非常小了。准备一份书面文档替代PPT幻灯片副本，上面着重标出演讲内容和那些扩展讲解，这样的效果就好的多。观众非常愿意接受演讲现场散发的详 细书面材料作为保留，而不是仅仅得到您的PPT幻灯片。如果你讲完之后，有详细的材料或出版物分发给观众，那么您就不会强迫自己用一大堆文本区填充您的 PPT幻灯片了。 We’ll talk more about this in the delivery section below, but as long as we are talking about text, please remember to never, ever turn your back on the audience and read text from the slide word for word. 关于这一点，我们在后面的演讲一节中还要谈到更多。但是只要我们谈到文本， 请记住永远不要背对听众，一字一句地朗读幻灯片上的文字。 这张幻灯片看起来很不直观，像一张“视力检查表” 尽量避免文字堆砌，这张幻灯片着实让人感到昏昏欲睡 这张幻灯片比较简洁 这是更好的„„ 3.Limit transitions & builds(animation) 3.少用切换和构建对象（动画） Use object builds and slide transitions judiciously. Object builds (also called animations), such as bullet points, should not be animated on every slide. Some animation is a good thing, but stick to the most subtle and professional (similar to what you might see on the evening TV news broadcast). A simple "Wipe Left-to-Right" (from the "Animations" menu) is good for a bullet point, but a "Move" or "Fly" for example is too tedious and slow (and yet, is used in many presentations today). Listeners will get bored very quickly if they are asked to endure slide after slide of animation. For transitions between slides, use no more than two-three different types of transition effects and do not place transition effects between all slides. 谨慎使用构建对象和幻灯片切换效果。不要将每张幻灯片上的构建对象（也称动 画），比如项目符号弄成动画效果。有一些动画是好事，但是一定要恰到好处并 且非常专业（类似于晚间电视新闻播出）。简单的“从左到右擦除”效果（“动 画”中的菜单）用在项目符号中就很好，而诸如“移动”或“飞出”的效果就显 得缓慢冗长（然而，今天很多演示稿都使用）。如果听众被要求忍受这些一张接 一张的幻灯片动画，那他们很快就会感到厌倦。至于幻灯片之间的切换，不要使 用超过2-3种不同的效果，也不要将所有的幻灯片都加上切换效果。 4.Use high-quality graphics 4.使用高品质的图片 Use high-quality graphics including photographs. You can take your own high-quality photographs with your digital camera, purchase professional stock photography, or use the plethora of high-quality images available on line (be cautious of copyright issues, however). Never simply stretch a small, low-resolution photo to make it fit your layout - doing so will degrade the resolution even further. 使用高品质的图片，包括照片。您可以用您的数码相机拍摄高品质的照片，购买 专业的商业摄影照片，或在线获取大量的高品质图形（不过要注意版权问题）。 千万不要简单地拉伸一张小尺寸、低分辨率的照片来满足您的布局要求——这样 会将您的幻灯片弄得很糟。 Avoid using PowerPoint Clip Art or other cartoonish line art. Again, if it is included in the software, your audience has seen it a million times before. It may have been interesting in 1993, but today the inclusion of such clip art often undermines the professionalism of the presenter. There are exceptions, of course, and not all PowerPoint art is dreadful, but use carefully and judiciously. 避免使用PPT剪贴画和其他卡通风格的线条艺术。如果这些剪贴画和线条艺术来 源于PPT软件，那么您的观众已经看过成千上万次了。这些东西在1993年可能 还让人觉得挺有意思，但是现在，它们着实会破坏演讲者的专业水准。当然也有 例外，并非所有的PPT艺术画都那么恐怖，但是还是要小心谨慎使用为好。 尽量避免这种俗气的剪贴画 这张商业图片更有效更专业 I often use images of people in my slides, as photography of people tends to help the audience connect with the slide on a more emotional level. If the photographic image is secondary in importance, then I decrease the opacity and add a Gaussian Blur or motion filter in Photoshop. If the photographic image is the primary area I want the audience to notice (such as a picture of a product), then the image can be more pronounced and little (or no) text is needed. 我经常在我的幻灯片中使用人物影像，因为人物照片更趋向于帮助观众从感情上 与幻灯片建立联系。如果照片图像处于次要的位置，那么我会利用Photoshop增 加透明度，添加高斯模糊或运动过滤。如果照片图像是我希望观众注意的主要点 （比如一种产品的照片），那么这张图片可以更明显的方式表现，文字尽量少甚 至可以不需要。 这张幻灯片中，图片是主要的 在同一演示稿的这张幻灯片中，用Photoshop将处于次要位置的图片推到后面 5.Have a visual theme,but avoid using PowerPoint templates 5.采用视觉化的主题，但避免使用PPT模板 You clearly need a consistent visual theme throughout your presentation, but most templates included in PowerPoint have been seen by your audience countless times (and besides, the templates are not all that great to begin with). Your audience expects a unique presentation with new (at least to them) content, otherwise why would they be attending your talk? No audience will be excited about a cookie-cutter presentation, and we must therefore shy away from any supporting visuals, such as the ubiquitous 显然，您需要在演示稿中使用前后一致的视觉主题。但是对于PPT软件中的大多PowerPoint Design Template, that suggests your presentation is formulaic or prepackaged. 数模板来说，观众已经见识过无数次了（另外，这些模板也并不怎样）。您的听 众期望的是内容新颖（至少对他们来说）、风格独特的演示文稿，否则，他们干 嘛来听您的演讲？没有一个观众喜欢千篇一律的演示稿，因此我们必须避开任何 辅助视觉化模板。那些常见的PPT设计模板总能表明，您的演示稿是格式化或预先打包形成的。 You can make your own background templates which will be more tailored to your needs. You can then save the PowerPoint file as a Design Template (.pot) and the new template will appear among your standard Microsoft templates for your future use. You can also purchase professional templates on-line (for example: www.powerpointtemplatespro.com). 您可以制作您自己的背景模板，使之更适合您的需要。您可以将该PPT文件保存 为设计模板（.pot格式），新模板就会出现在 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的微软模板库中，供您以后使 用。您也可以在线购买专业的模板（例如网站www.powerpointtemplatespro.com） 6. Use appropriate charts 6.适当运用图表 Always be asking yourself, "How much detail do I need?" Presenters are usually guilty of including too much data in their on-screen charts. There are several ways to display your data in graphic form; here are a few things to keep in mind: 总是问自己，“我需要多少细节？”演讲者通常因图表包含过量数据而深感到不 安。有几种显示图表中的数据的方法，以下几点需要牢记： Pie Charts. Used to show percentages. Limit the slices to 4-6 and contrast the most important slice either with color or by exploding the slice. 饼图：用来显示百分比。块数限制在4-6份以内，使用不同颜色或拉出方式突出最重要的那一块。 Vertical Bar Charts. Used to show changes in quantity over time. Best if you limit the bars to 4-8. 垂直条形图：用来显示数量随时间的变化。项目数最好限制在4-8以内。 Horizontal Bar Charts. Used to compare quantities. For example, comparing sales figures among the four regions of the company. 水平条形图：用来比较数量。例如，比较公司在4个区域的销售业绩。 Line Charts. Used to demonstrate trends. For example, here is a simple line chart showing that our sales have gone up every year. The trend is good. The arrow comes in later to underscore the point: Our future looks good! 曲线图：用于展示变化趋势。例如，这张简单的曲线图显示了我们的销售业绩逐 年上升。箭头方向强调指出：我们的未来是美好的！ In general, tables are good for side-by-side comparisons of quantitative data. However, tables can lack impact on a visceral level. If you want to show how your contributions are significantly higher than two other parties, for example, it would be best to show that in the form of a bar chart (below, right). If you're trying to downplay the fact that your contributions are lower than others, however, a table will display that information in a less dramatic or emotional way. 一般来说， 表格 关于规范使用各类表格的通知入职表格免费下载关于主播时间做一个表格详细英语字母大小写表格下载简历表格模板下载 适用于数据的并列比较。然而，表格缺乏给人发至内心的冲击力。例如， 如果您想表明您的贡献远远大于其他两方，那最好利用条形图的形式展示（右下图）。然而， 如果您想尽力掩饰你的贡献比其他人的贡献低，表格就可以以一种稳妥的、不露声色的方式 展示。 7. Use color well 7.利用好色彩 Color evokes feelings. Color is emotional. The right color can help persuade and motivate. Studies show that color usage can increase interest and improve learning comprehension and retention. 色彩可以唤起人们的感情。色彩是充满感性的。正确使用色彩可以增加说服力和 激发力。研究表明，使用色彩可以提高人们的学习兴趣，增强理解和记忆。 You do not need to be an expert in color theory, but it's good for business professionals to know at least a bit on the subject. Colors can be divided into two general categories: Cool (such as blue and green) and Warm (such as orange and red). Cool colors work best for backgrounds as they appear to recede away from us into the background. Warm colors generally work best for objects in the foreground (such as text) because they appear to be coming at us. It is no surprise, then, that the most ubiquitous PowerPoint slide color scheme includes a blue background with yellow text. You do not need to feel compelled to use this color scheme, though you may choose to use a variation of those colors. 您不必成为颜色理论专家，但作为一个商务人士，了解一些色彩知识是很有好处 的。颜色分为两类：冷色调（比如蓝色、绿色）和暖色调（比如橙色、红色）。 由于冷色调表现出远离我们到幕后，因此最好用来作为背景色。而暖色表现出不 断向我们靠近，因此通常作为前景中的对象（例如文本）颜色。毫不奇怪，那么 最普遍的PPT幻灯片配色 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 就是蓝色背景加黄色文本。您不必对使用这种配色 方案感到不妥，您可以选择使用那些色彩的各种变化。 If you will be presenting in a dark room (such as a large hall), then a dark background (dark blue, grey, etc.) with white or light text will work fine. But if you plan to keep most of the lights on (which is highly advisable) then a white background with black or dark text works much better. In rooms with a good deal of ambient light, a screen image with a dark background and light text tends to washout, but dark text on a light background will 如果您是在一间黑暗的屋子（如大厅）里进行演示，那么暗色背景（深蓝、灰色maintain its visual intensity a bit better. 等）加白色或浅色文本的效果就很好。但是如果您演示时屋内多数灯亮着（强烈 建议），那么白色背景加黑色或深色文本的效果就好的多。在光线明亮的房间里， 深色背景和浅色文本搭配的屏幕图像容易泛光，但是浅色背景搭配深色文本的视 觉效果就好得多。 Learn more: 了解更多： PresentationPro.com has some great Flash tutorials including one on color. ,, PresentationPro.com有一些非常棒的Flash色彩教程。 Go to the CreativePro.com to learn more about color. ,, 到CreativePro.com了解更多色彩知识。 Dummies.com has a good short article on how to use the Color Schemes in PowerPoint. ,, Dummies.com上有篇关于如何在PPT中使用配色方案的精彩短文。 8. choose your fonts well 8.选择好字体 Fonts communicate subtle messages in and of themselves, which is why you should choose fonts deliberately. Use the same font set throughout your entire slide presentation, and use no more than two complementary fonts (e.g., Arial and Arial Bold). Make sure you know the difference between a Serif font (e.g., Times New Roman) and a Sans-Serif font (Helvetica or Arial). Serif fonts were designed to be used in documents filled with lots of text. Serif fonts are said to be easier to read at small point sizes, but for on screen presentations the serifs tend to get lost due to the relatively low resolution of projectors. San-serif fonts are generally best for PowerPoint presentations, but try to avoid the ubiquitous Helvetica. I often choose to use Gill Sans as it is somewhere in between a serif and a sans-serif font and is professional yet friendly and "conversational." Regardless of what font you choose, make sure the text can be read from the back of the room. 您应该精心选择字体，因为字体可以传输微妙的信息。在整个幻灯片演示稿中，应当使用 相同的字体集，并且互补的字体（例如，Arial和Arial Bold）不要超过2个。确保您了解Serif字体(例如，Times New Roman)和Sans-Serif字体(Helvetica或Arial)之间的区别。Serif字体用在文字较多的文档中。在字号较小时，Serif字体更易于阅读。但采用屏幕投影时，由于投影仪分辨率相对较低，因此Serif字体容易模糊。Sans-Serif字体通常是PPT演示稿的最好字体，但是要尽力避免哪儿都有的Helvetica字体。我经常选择使用Gill Sans字体，因为它是居于Serif和Sans-Serif之间的一种字体，是专业、友好的“会话”型字体。无论您选择哪种字体，都要确保文本清晰可读。 9.use video or audio 9.使用视频和音频 Use video and audio when appropriate. Using video clips to show concrete examples promotes active cognitive processing, which is the natural way people learn. You can use video clips within PowerPoint without ever leaving the application or tuning on a VCR. Using a video clip not only will illustrate your point better, it will also serve as a change of pace thereby increasing the interest of your audience. You can use audio clips (such as interviews) as well. Something to avoid, however, is cheesy sound effects that are included in PowerPoint (such as the sound of a horn or applause when transitioning slides). The use of superfluous sound effects attached to animations is a sure way to lose credibility with your audience. 适时使用视频和音频。使用视频剪辑展现具体的例子，可以加快人 们主动的认知过程，这是人们学习的自然方式。您可以在PPT软件中使用视频剪辑，而不需要离开该软件或去调整一台录像机。使用视频剪辑不仅 能更好地说明您的观点，而且可以使演示节奏产生变化，引起观众极大兴趣。您 也可以使用音频剪辑（比如访谈录音）。然而，要避免将劣质的声音效果（例如 号角声或切换幻灯片时的掌声）嵌入到PPT中。动画中添加多余的声音效果，会 让观众感到厌烦。 10.Spend time in the slide sorter 10.花点时间浏览 According to the Segmentation Principle of multimedia learning theory, people comprehend better when information is presented in small chunks or segments. By getting out of the Slide View and into the Slide Sorter view, you can see how the logical flow of your presentation is progressing. In this view you may decide to break up one slide into, say, two-three slides so that your presentation has a more natural and logical flow or process. In this view you will be able to capture more of the gestalt of your entire presentation from the point of view of your audience. You will be able to notice more extraneous pieces of visual data that can be removed to increase visual clarity and improve communication. 根据多媒体学习理论的分割原理，当信息以小块或片段的方式呈现时，人们理解 得好一些。关闭幻灯片普通视图，打开浏览视图，您可以看到演示稿的逻辑流程。 在这种视图模式下，您可以决定是否将一张幻灯片分解成2-3张，使您的演示稿 具有更加自然的逻辑流程和过程，还可以根据观众的观点把握整个演示稿的形 态，您还可以检查是否有无关的内容需要删除，以增强视觉清晰度，提高交流效 果。 PPT软件的浏览视图