基本语法表格
人称代词和物主代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数 (现在时, 动词+s/es)
复数
人称
代词
主格
I
we
you
you
she
he
it
they
these
宾格
me
us
you
you
her
him
it
them
those
物主代词(…的)
物主性
my
our
your
your
her
his
its
their
these
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
hers
his
its
theirs
those
反身代词
自己
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
herself
himself
itself
themselves
themselves
动词有5种形式
原形
第三人称单数（+ s/es）
过去时（+ ed）
现在分词（+ ing）
过去分词（+ ed）
play
plays
played
be + playing
have/has/had + played
watch
watches
watched
watching
watched
do
does
did
doing
done
buy
buys
bought
buying
bought
think
thinks
thought
thinking
thought
teach
teaches
tought
teaching
tought
动词有4个种类
实义动词
like; read; watch; sit; buy肯定句直接用；变成否定句和疑问句，就必须用助动词do/does/did 来帮忙
“三类动词”
助动词
do/does/did 主要用来帮助实义动词变成否定句或疑问句
Be动词
be原形 – am/is/are现在时 – was/were过去时 – being进行时 –been完成时
情态动词
can–could能够； will–would打算、将要；shall–should打算、将要、应该；
may–might可以、也许；must必须；need需要； have to 不得不； ought to应该
注意：助动词和情态动词后面的动词只能用原形。
句子从功能上有4种分类
种类
名称
用法
1．陈述句
（1）肯定句
I like English.
（2）否定句
①在“三类动词”后 + not I can’t speak English
②没“三类动词”，用do/does/did帮忙 I don’t like English
2．疑问句
（1）一般
疑问句
①把“三类动词”放在句子的开头，末尾加问号“？” Can you speak English?
②没“三类动词”，用do/does/did帮忙 Do you like English?
（2）特殊
疑问句
疑问词 + “三类动词”放在句子的开头，末尾加问号“？” What do you like?
疑问词：what; who; whose; where; when=what time; why; which;
how; how old; how long; how soon; how far; how much; how many; how often
（3）反义
疑问句
①提问时：前后相反（前面肯定，后面否定；前面否定，后面肯定） I like English, don’t you?
②回答时：前后一致（用什么问，就用什么答） Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
3．祈使句
用动词原形放在句首，表示“建议、命令、要求”某人做某事 Do it by yourself.
4．感叹句
（1）How引导
①How + 形容词 How beautiful! = How beautiful she is!
②How +形容词+ a/an + 可数名词 How beautiful a girl! 多美的女孩！
（2）What引导
③What + a/an +形容词+ 可数名词 What a beautiful girl! 多美的女孩！
④What +形容词+不可数名词 What fine weather!=How fine the weather is!
注意
事项
①分清实义动词和“三类动词”
②变化句子时, “三类动词”直接用, 如果是实义动词, 只能用助动词帮忙, 注意人称和时态的一致性.
③助动词和情态动词后面的动词永远只能用原形. (看下面的例子, had在did后面变为原形have)
④have/has/had单独使用是实义动词, 变句子时, 需要助动词do/does/did帮忙；在完成时态中, 是助动词, 则直接使用。
（need和dare的用法也类似，不过两个词只在否定句和疑问句中做情态动词，其他情况做实义动词）
I had breakfast at 7:00 this morning. (had实义动词) I had played computer before you came back home. (had助动词)
I didn’t have breakfast at 7:00 this morning. I had not played computer before you came back home.
Did you have breakfast at 7:00 this morning? Had you played computer before I came back home?
What did you do at 7:00 this morning? What had you done before I came back home?
When did you have breakfast? When did you play computer?
Who had breakfast at 7:00 this morning? Who had played computer before you came back home?
可数名词的复数
构成
举例
1
在名词后面加s
fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
2
以s, x, sh, ch, th结尾的，加es
boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes, foxes
3
以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,
4
以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s
day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, way-ways
5
以o结尾加s（外来词）；
但如是辅音加o的加es
radios, photos
tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
6
以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es
knife-knives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
7
一般只有复数，没有单数的有
clothes; wages; people, crew, staff, police; pants, shorts, shoes, spectacles=glasses, gloves, socks, trouses; scissors; （由两部分组成的东西）
8
特殊形式的有
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, sheep-sheep; man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
9
合成词的复数一般只把后面一个词变为复数
action movie--action movies, pen pal--pen pals;
10
如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数，则前后两个词都要变为复数
man doctor--men doctors, woman teacher--women teachers
11
既可以是单数也可以是复数的一些集合名词
police警察局，警察；class班，同学；family家，家庭成员；organization机构；army军队；data数据；jury陪审团；audience观众；enemy敌人；media媒体；bacteria细菌；navy海军；committee委员会；flock羊群
12
单复数相同
fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
13
单复数意思不同
fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类,
paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文
work工作 works作品，工厂
glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜
orange桔子水 oranges橙子
light光线 lights灯
cloth布 clothes衣服
people人 peoples民族
time时间 times时代, 次数
chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
water水 waters水域；公海
wood 木板； woods树林
14
常用的不可数名词
water, milk, fruit, meat, food, paper, air, weather, rice, ice, furniture家具
sheep羊肉, fish鱼肉 （动物表示肉类）
注：
①一般而言，抽象名词都是不可数名词，只有单数形式，没复数形式；但抽象名词具体化后，则由不可数名词变成可数名词。
Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk) with me? have a look，have a try. It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. Physics is a science.
②动词的第三人称单数的变化（即主语是现在时第三人称单数时，谓语动词+s/es）与以上规则相同。
归纳; 以辅音字母＋y结尾的，变y为i： ①动词+ed ②形容词+er/est ③名词+es
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母：①动词+ed ②形容词+er/est ③动词+ing
名词所有格（某人/物“的”东西）
构成
举例
1
单数：在后面加’s
brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
2
复数：以s结尾的直接在s后加’，
不以s结尾的，加’s
Teachers’ Day教师节 classmates’ books同学们的书籍
Children’s Day六一节 Women’s Day三八节
3
由and并列的几个名词，如是共同拥有同一人或物，只在最后一个名词后加’s，如是各自拥有，则分别加’s。
Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间）
Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
Mike and Ben’s mother迈克和本的妈妈（两兄弟）
Mike’s and Ben’s mothers迈克和本的房间（两家人）
4
动物和没生命的东西用of 所有格，不用’s所有格
a map of China; the name of her cat; the door of the bedroom
说明
① ’s所有格 = of 所有格，但前后顺序相反 Tom’s book = the book of Tom Huaihua’s weather = the weather of Huaihua
② 一般而言，人用’s所有格，动物和没生命的东西用of 所有格
抽象名词具体化
一般而言，抽象名词是不可数名词，只有单数形式，没复数形式，不能和冠词连用；但抽象名词具体化后，则由不可数名词变成可数名词，因而有单复数变化，也可以和冠词连用。下面是
高中
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阶段常用的一些抽象名词具体化：
1
attraction(U)吸引, 吸引力; (C)有吸引力的人或事物.
Theideaoftravelingtothemoonhaslittleattractionforme. 到月球上旅行的想法对我没有什么吸引力.Thecity'sbrightlights,theatres,andmoviesaregreatattractions.城里明亮的灯,戏院,电影等有巨大的吸引力.Oneofthemainattractionsofthejobisthehighsalary.这份工作最吸引人的是薪水高.
2
atmosphere(U)大气；(C)气氛Theatmosphereencompasstheearth.大气包围着地球。 Ithasanostalgicatmosphere.这儿有一种怀旧的气氛。Iliketheatmospherehere.我喜欢这儿的气氛。
3
beauty(U)美, 美丽; (C)美丽的人或事物Shewasafamousbeautyinheryouth.她年轻时是个有名的美人.Thatnewcarisanabsolutebeauty.那辆新车漂亮极了.
4
comfort(U)安慰 ,慰藉, 宽恕; (C)令人感到安慰的人或事物Thenewsbroughtcomforttoallofus.这消息给我们大家带来了安慰.Hishusbandwasagreatcomforttoherwhenshewasill. 她生病时,她丈夫对她是个极大的安慰.
5
danger(U)危险, 风险; (C)危险的人, 危险因素
Children'slivesareindangereverytimetheycrossthisroad.孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险.outofdanger脱离危险 Policesaidthemanwasadangertothepublic.警方说这个男子对公众是个危险。
Howdoesnatureformadangertopeopleintheworld?自然现象是如何对全球人类造成威胁的?
6
death(U)死, 死亡; (C)死亡的人Airpollutionalonecausesaboutthreemilliondeathseveryyear.仅空气污染就造成了每年近三百万人死亡.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringthedaytime,therewouldhavebeenmanymoredeaths.若飓风发生在白天,那么死亡的人会多的多.
7
delight(U)高兴,愉快,快乐; (C)令人高兴的事,乐事,乐趣Toourgreatdelight,thedayturnedoutfine.我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了.Theguitarisadelighttoplay.弹吉他是件很惬意的事. Hersingingisadelight.她的歌声使人快乐.
8
difficulty(U)困难,艰难,难度,困难性; (C)难做,难懂,难应付的事,难事,难点,难题Shegotthedooropenwithdifficulty.她艰难地把门打开了. Ihadthegreatdifficultyinpersuadingher.我为了说服她,费了好大的劲儿.Hewantstomarryher,buthisparentsaremakingdifficulties.他想娶她,但他父母从中阻挠.Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentraveling. 她在旅行时遇到了许多伤脑筋的事.
9
experience(U)经验; (C)经历,体验 by experience靠经验 valuableexperience宝贵的经验
Doyouhaveanypreviousexperienceofthiskindofwork?你以前做过这种工作吗?an experience一次经历 HehadmanyinterestingexperienceswhiletravelinginAfrica. 他在非洲旅行时遇到很多有趣的经历。
10
failure(U)失败; (C)失败的人或事物 Thesuccessorfailureoftheplandependsonyou.这项计划的成败取决于你. Failureis the mother of success失败乃成功之母Failureinoneexaminationshouldnotstopyoutryingagain.一次考试不及格不应该防碍你再试一次. I am a failure我是个失败者Thewholethingwasacompletefailure. 整个事情彻底失败了.Shewasafailureasateacher.她当教师并不成功.
11
fortune(U)运气；机会；(C) 财产，财富FortuneFoolshavefortune.[谚]傻人有傻福。 Rollupahugefortune积聚起大笔财产Hecleanedupasmallfortune.他发了一笔小财. Hedreamedofmakingafortune.他梦想发大财。Hemadeafortuneinoil.他做石油生意赚了一大笔钱。
12
help(U)帮助; (C)有帮助的人或事物Atape-recorderoramp3isagreathelpforyoutolearnEnglish. 录音机或mp3对你学英语帮助很大.Iamagoodhelptomymotherathome.我在家里是妈妈的好帮手.
13
honour(U)荣幸,荣誉; (C)给某人/某事增光的人或事物 win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Wefoughtforthehonourofourcountry. 我们为祖国的荣誉而战. Itisagreathonourformetobepresentattheconference.
14
joy(U)高兴,愉快,喜悦; (C)令人高兴的人或事,乐事,乐趣jumpwithjoy高兴得跳起来Thegamewasajoytowatch.看这场比赛真是开心.Heisagreatjoytolistento.他这个人,听他讲话就是极大的乐趣.
15
kindness(U)亲切,和蔼,仁慈,好意; (C)友好或仁慈,体贴的举动,好心的表现或行为Shealwaysshowskindnesstochildrenandanimals.她对孩子和动物总是很温柔. Hediditentirelyoutofkindness,notformoney.他做那件事纯粹出于好意,并非为钱.Itwouldbeagreatkindnesstoseehimwhileheissoill.他病得很厉害,去探望他就是对他的极大关怀.
Thank you，Tim.You have done me a kindness.
16
knowledge(U)知识；(C)（一门）学问Knowledgebeginwithpractice.认识从实践开始。 Knowledgeisnoburden.艺不压身。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。 A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. IwantanassistantwithaknowledgeofEnglishandexperienceofofficeroutine.我需要一名懂英语和具有例行公事经验的助手。Hehasonlyatheoreticalknowledgeofthelanguage.他只有这种语言的理论知识。
17
pity(U)怜悯,同情; (C)可惜的事,遗憾的事feelpityfor对...同情 outofpity出于同情 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情
It'sapitytheweatherisnotgoodforouroutingtoday. 我们今天出去游玩天气不好,真遗憾.It'sapitythatyoucan'tgotothetheatrewithustonight.你今晚不能和我们一起去看戏,真可惜.
18
pleasure(U)高兴,快乐,愉快; (C)乐事,趣事take(a)pleasurein以...为乐 withpleasure愉快地,高兴地, 乐意 a pleasure乐事Itismypleasure.我乐意做的事情. Itisapleasuretoworkwithyou.跟你一起工作是一件令人高兴的事情.Ithasbeenapleasuremeetingyou.认识你是十分高兴的事.Shehasfewpleasuresleftinlife.她的生活中已没有什么乐趣了.
19
room(U)空间；(C)房间 There'snoroomforthispiano.房间里没地方放这架钢琴了。Staywithusforseveraldays.Wehave20roomsinthevillage.过来和我们住一段时间吧。我们在村里有20间房子。
20
satisfaction(U)满足,满意; (C)令人满足或带来乐趣的事情withsatisfaction满意地 Playingthepianowasoneofhisgreatestsatisfactions.弹钢琴是他的最大乐趣之一.Itisagreatsatisfactiontoknowthathehasarrivedhomesafely. 知道他已经平安到家,我感到十分高兴.
21
shame(U)羞耻,羞愧,惭愧; (C)遗憾的事,可耻的人或事物Hefeltnoshameforwhathehaddone.他对自己所做的事情不感到羞愧.Itisashametodeceivetheoldman.欺骗这位老人真是太可耻了.Whatashamethatitrainedsomuchduringthevocation.假期里下那么多雨,真是太遗憾了.
22
sight[(U)视力，视觉；(C)情景，景象Outofsight,outofmind. 眼不见，心不烦。 Icannotendurethesight.我不能容忍这种情景。
Itwasatouchingsight.这是一幅动人景象。 Itwasamagnificentsight.一路景色真美。
23
success(U)成功, 成名; (C)成功的人或事物 win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)He'sproudofhisdaughter'ssuccesses.他为女儿的种种成就感到自豪.Ofhisexperiments,threeweresuccessesandonewasafailure. 在他的实验中,有三个成功,一个失败.
24
surprise(U)惊奇, (C)令人惊奇的事或消息, 意想不到或突然的事in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事 Herlettercameasacompletesurprise.万万没想到会收到她的信.
25
trouble(U)困难,苦恼,痛苦; (C)麻烦事,困难事,负担She'shadsomanytroublesthatshelooksfifty,althoughshe'sonlythirty.使她苦恼的事情太多,虽然她只有三十岁,看上去却像五十岁了.Shehasalwaysbeenagreattroubletoherfatherandmother.她一直是她父母的一块心病.
26
youth青春a youth一个青年人
27
wonder(U)惊奇,惊讶,惊异,惊叹,惊愕; (C)令人感到惊奇的事情,奇迹,奇观in/withwonder惊奇地 nowonder毫不奇怪TheGreatWallisoneoftheeight wondersoftheworld.长城是世界八大奇迹之一.
28
worry(U)担心,担忧,忧愁; (C)烦恼事,令人担忧的人Herfaceshowedsignsofworry.她脸上显出担忧的神情. Myfatherhasalotofworries.我父亲有许多烦心事.
高考题
1. Jumping out of _______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________exciting experience.
A.不填；the B.不填；an C. an；an D. the；the
2. Many people agree that ________knowledge of English is ________must in international trade today.
A. a；a B. the；an C. the；the D.不填；the
3. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ________good knowledge of basic word information.
A./ B. the C. a D. one
4. ---I hear that as many as 150 people were killed in the earthquake. ---Yes，________news came as ________shock to us.
A. the；the B. the；a C.不填；不填 D.不填；a
5. He has ______great interest in history，especially in ______history of Tang Dynasty.
A. a；the B. a；/ C./；the D./；a
6. .For many Beijingers, dreams of living in______ green area are becoming ______ reality.
A. a；a B. the；the C.不填；不填 D. the；不填
7. The police have ________power to arrest bad people by ________law.
A. the；the B. a；a C. the；不填 D.不填；the
8. He is________ help to me.
A. the B. / C. a D. an
动词+ed的构成方式
构成
举例
1
直接在词尾加ed
work-worked; play-played; want-wanted; act-acted
2
以不发音的e字母结尾的动词，直接加d
live-lived; move-moved; taste-tasted; hope-hoped, help-helped
3
以辅音字母+ y结尾的，把y变为i 再加ed
study-studied; copy-copied; cry-cried; carry-carried
4
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加ed
stop-stopped
动词+ed的发音规则
构成
举例
1
动词词尾为t，d时，发/ id /音
want →wanted; need →needed
2
动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/ d /音
call →called; stay→stayed; cry→cried
3
动词词尾为清辅音时，发/ t / 音
help→helped; laugh→laughed; look→looked; kiss→kissed;
wash→washed; watch→watched
动词+ing的构成方式
构成
举例
1
直接在词尾加-ing
注意：与名词复数+es、动词过去式+ed、形容词比较级+er/est不同，词尾为 “辅音字母+ y”，不要变y为i，而是直接加ing。
go–going; do–doing; ask–asking; read-reading, work-working, study-studying,
look-looking, eat-eating, play-playing, wash-washing, plant-planting,
borrow-borrowing, pick-picking, paint-painting, cry-crying, study–studying;
carry–carrying; fly–flying; worry– worrying
2
以不发音的e字母结尾的动词，要去掉e再加ing
make-making, write-writing, skate-skating, close–closing, come-coming, take-taking，have-having, dance-dancing, live–living; hope-hoping
3
若结尾的e 发音, 就不能去掉
see-seeing
4
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加ing
run-running, swim-swimming, get-getting, sit–sitting, put–putting, begin–beginning, hit-hitting, stop-stopping, forget – forgetting
5
在少数几个以ie 结尾的动词后：须将ie 变作y，再加ing。
die–dying; tie–tying, lie–lying lie--- lied --- lied --- lying撒谎
lie --- lay --- lain --- lying 躺/放 lay --- laid --- laid --- laying下蛋
动词的分类
种数
分 类
1
实义动词与“三类动词”（助动词、Be动词、情态动词）：由陈述句变成否定句和疑问句，“三类动词”直接用，实义动词则必须用助动词do/does/did 来帮忙。
2
及物动词（vt）与不及物动词（vi）：英语句子必须有主语和谓语，是否需要宾语，得看谓语是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词后面必须接宾语，不及物动词则不能直接接宾语，需要加介词才能接宾语。（因而有无数的动词短语，须死记硬背。）
I read a book. （vt） I wait for you. （vi） I turn on/off the light. （vi） I arrived at Huihua this afternoon. （vi）
3
延续动词与短暂动词：
①在过去进行时态中，表示过去某两个动作同时进行，延续动作用was/were doing，短暂动作用-ed
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.
②在完成时态中，只有延续性动词才可以接for引导的时间段，短暂动词则不能。
I havebought this book for 2 years. (错) I have bought this book. (对) （改法1：去掉for引导的时间段）
I have kept this book for 2 years. (对) （改法2：用另一个延续动词代替原来的短暂动词，常用have, be, keep, use来代替）
I bought this book 2 years ago. (对) （改法3：把完成时态变为过去时态，句末加ago）
It is (has been) 2 years since I bought this book. (对) （改法4：变成句型“It is/ has been……since”，从句中用过去式bought。）
③一些表示位置移动的短暂动词，如come, go, get on/off, take off, leave, arrive, move, begin, start等，人做主语，可以用进行时表将来时。如是物做主语，则用一般现在时态。He’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow. The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this p.m.
4
动作动词和状态动词。
①英语中的动词就其词汇意义来说可分为动作动词(Activity verb)和状态动词(State verb)。动作动词强调主语在做的动作，而状态动词强调主语所处的状态，状态动词通常不用于进行时态[参考“现在进行时”第（5）点]。
②英语中的有的动词加前缀-a，由动做变成状态，不过词性也发生了变化。sleep-asleep; wake-awake; like-alike;
例如：wake是动词, awake是形容词, 可作表语, 不能作定语。My mother wakes me up every morning. The baby is awake.
5
谓语动词(predicate verb)与非谓语动词(Non-predicate verb)：在句子中做谓语的动词就叫谓语动词，做其他成分的动词叫非谓语动词(doing, to do, done)。
①主语(Subject)：Watching TV is waste of time. To study English well is my aim.
②宾语(Object)：I like to watch TV. I like wathing TV.
③表语(Predicative)：The book is interesting. The work is done. I am to do it.
④定语(Attribute)：The walking cat is lovely. The working teacher is Mr. Chen. The work done is useful.
⑤宾补(Object Complement)：I have my hair cut. Mr. Chen made us recite the English article.
⑥状语(Adverbial)：Walking on the street, I met Mr. Chen. Having done the work, I went home. Being a teacher, I work hard.
时态语态
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时态
主动
被动 be + done （过去分词）
1．一般现在时
do / does
am/is/are done
2．一般过去时
①did ②used to do
was/were done
3．一般将来时
①will/shall do ②am/is/are going to do
will/shall be done
4．现在进行时
am/is/are doing
am/is/are being done
5．过去进行时
was/were doing
was/were being done
6．将来进行时
will be doing
will be done
7．现在完成时
have/has done
have/has been done
8．过去完成时
had done
had been done
9．将来完成时
will have done
will have been done
10．现在完成进行时
have/has been doing
have/has been done
11．过去将来时
would do
would be done
主动/被动
主动
被动： be + done (be-am/is/are-was/were-being-been)
1．一般现在时
I do my homework every day
My homework is done (by me) every day.
2．一般过去时
I did my homework yesterday.
My homework was done (by me) yesterday.
3．一般将来时
I will do my homework tomorow.
My homework will be done (by me) tomorrow.
4．现在进行时
I am doing my homework now.
My homework is being done now.
5．过去进行时
I was doing my homework at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.
My homework was being done at 3:00 yesterday afternoon
6．将来进行时
I will be doing my homework tomorrow.
My homework will be done tomorrow.
7．现在完成时
I have already done my homework.
My homework has already been done.
8．过去完成时
I had done my homework before yesterday afternoon.
My homework had been done before yesterday afternoon
9．将来完成时
I will have done my homework tomorrow.
My homework will have been done tomorrow.
10．现在完成进行时
I have been doing a half of my homework.
My homework has been done a half.
11．过去将来时
I said that I would do my homework next week.
I said that my homework would be done next week.
时态基本用法
时态
基本用法
举例
1．一般现在时
表示现在或经常做的事：（主语单数，动词 + s/es）
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day(week, month, year),once a week, now and then, from time to time, at times （客观规律和自然现象只用一般现在时）
I do my homework every day.
She often does her homework at night.
The sun is bigger than the earth.
The sun rises from the east.
2．一般过去时
表示过去做的事：yesterday; last year (week, month); ago, a few days ago (几天前)… （时间大、笼统）
I did my homework yesterday.
She used to do her homework at night.
3．一般将来时
表示将来打算做的事：tomorrow, next year (week, month); in the future (未来)…
I will do my homework tomorrow.
She is going to do her homework tomorrow.
4．现在进行时
表示现在正在做的事：now
I am doing my homework now.
5．过去进行时
①表示过去某个时间正在做的事：at 3:00 yesterday afternoon
（时间小、具体）
②表示过去某两个动作同时进行，延续动作用was/were doing
短暂动作用-ed过去时
I was doing my homework at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.
6．将来进行时
表示将来某个时间一定要做的事：
I will be doing my homework tomorrow.
7．现在完成时
表示现在已经做完的事：
already （用于肯定句的中间）yet（用于否定句的结尾）
for 接时间段，表示一段时间（只有延续性动词才能用）
since接时间点，表示“自从……以来”
I have already done my homework.
She hasn’t done her homework yet.
I have worked in Huaihua for 16 years.
I have worked in Huaihua since 1994
8．过去完成时
①表示过去某个时间以前已经做完的事：before/after
②表示过去某个动作以前已经做完的事：before/after
I had done my homework before yesterday afternoon.
After I had done my homework, I went to bed.
9．将来完成时
表示将来某个时间要做完的事：
I will have done my homework tomorrow.
10．完成进行时
表示现在已经做完一部分，剩下的还要继续做完的事：
I have been doing a half of my homework.
11．过去将来时
表示过去对未来打算要做的事（用于间接引语和虚拟语气）
I said that I would do my homework next week.
时态详细用法
时态
用法
1．一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副词sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom及时间副词
every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night做状语。如：
He often stays up late. We go home every month. I watch TV at night.
（2）客观事实和普遍真理。（客观事实无论谓语的时态是什么都用一般现在时。）
He said that the sun rises in the east. The earth travels round the sun.
Trees turn green in spring. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
（3）现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如：
He lives in Beijing now. She is at home. They work in that factory.
（4）习惯性的爱好或行为。如： I like dancing while she likes singing. He studies very hard.
（5）（用物做主语）表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排要做的事情。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式，主要是表示位置移动的动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, move, return, fly，或瞬间动词close, open等。可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用，但不用将来时。
When does the plan leave? The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.（不用将来时）
The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到，八点过十分离开。
Our class begins at 7:45. The shop opens at eight o’clock.
（6）时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词是将来的动作或状态时，用一般现在时表示。引导此类从句的词有：when, as, while, before, after, whenever, till, until, as soon as, the moment, if, unless, once, as long as, on condition that等, 如：
If you come tomorrow, we will wait for you. When he gets here, the work will be finished.
Though he disagrees with us, he will do as we decided. I’ll give the letter to him as soon as I see him.
（7）在以here或there开头的倒装句中用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。
Look! Here comes the bus. Listen! There goes the bell.
2．一般过去时
（1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, two days ago, the other day等明确的过去时间连用。但绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等与现在有关系的时间段连用，否则就应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。如：
He was here just now. What did you do yesterday?
I have read two books this month. （现在完成时）
（2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如：
We often played together when we were children.
（3）表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to do和would。如：
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.
① used to do 表示过去常常做某事I used to play basketball last year= I often played basketball last year.
② used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
③ sth be used to do 表示某样东西被用于做什么 The wood is used to make desks.
④ sb be used to doing = sb be accustomed to doing 表示某人习惯于做什么I have been used to living in Huaihua.（4）would与used to 表示“过去常常……”的区别：
①表示过去持续的状态或情况用used to，而would不与表状态的动词连用。
There used to be a hospital here. The milu deer is a kind of deer that used to be common in China long ago.
② would可跟sometimes, often, for hours等表示时间的副词(短语)连用，而used to不行。
The old man would sometimes sit beside the river for hours, paying no attention to anything around him.
③与现在或将来比较表示“过去常常(而如今却变了)”，使用used to,不能用would。
I used to drink coffee, but now I drink tea instead. He told us he used to play football when he was young.
（5）表示主语过去的特征或性格。如：At that time she was very good at English.
（6）用在状语从句中表示过去将来。如：He said he would wait until they came back.
（7）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。如：
I wondered if you could help me.
（8）注意英语和汉语“时间差”的用法区别，如：
—Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。
—It’s 2566666. 是2566666。 I didn’t know you were here. 没想到你在这里。
（9）表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。如：
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。
3．一般将来时
一般将来时表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。有以下多种表达方式：
（1）“will /shall+动词原形”
I’ll (shall / will) do a better job next time. The concert will start in a minute.
（2）“be going to+动词原形”：表示打算和预测。如：
We are not going to stay there long. I’m afraid they’re going to lose the game.
（3）“be to+动词原形”：着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事，常表示“
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、意图、约定”，有时也表示“命令、禁止或可能性”。后可跟时间状语。如：
He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. Tell him he’s not to be back late.
The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. The president is to visit the company.
（4）“be about to+动词原形”：着重指最近或马上要发生的动作。不与具体的时间状语连用(而其他结构则可以)如：
Look! The race is about to start.
Wrong: The medical team is about to start immediately/tomorrow.
Right: The medical team is about to start.
（5）“be due to+动词原形”：表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。如：
The strike is due to begin on Tuesday.
（6）用现在进行时（用人做主语）：这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作，但只适用于表示位置移动的动词，例如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly (乘飞机)等，并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。We’re having a party next week. He’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Mr. Brown is coming next week.
（7）用一般现在时（用物做主语）：表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排要做的事情。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式，主要是表示位置移动的动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, move, return, fly，或瞬间动词close, open等。可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用，但不用将来时。
The train leaves at 7:25 this evening.
（8）时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词是将来的动作或状态时，用一般现在时表示。如：
If you come tomorrow, we will wait for you. When he gets here, the work will be finished.
Though he disagrees with us, he will do as we decided.
但是有时will不表示将来而是表示意愿或决心时，仍可以用在条件状语等从句中。例如：
If you will listen to me, I’ll tell you the truth.
（9）to do不定式表将来（非谓语动词）
The grammar to be studied next time is more difficult.（不定式做定语）
（10）“will / shall + v.”与“be going to + v.”的区别
① be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语，后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。
② 两者均可表示将来时间和意图，两者有时可换用，有时不可换用。不可换用的情况主要是：若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，用be going to；若表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则用will。比较：
“Mary is in hospital.” “Oh, really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her.”
“玛丽住院了。”“啊，真的吗？我还不知道。我要去看看她。” (临时想法，不能用be going to)
“Mary is in hospital.” “Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow.”
“玛丽住院了。”“我知道，我打算明天去看看她。” (事先考虑的意图，不能用will)
—I’ve come out without any money.
—Never mind. I __________ you some.
A. am going to lend B. will lend C. have lent D. am to lend
③ 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时，常用will。
④ 若指迹象表明要发生某事，尤其是天气，要用be going to 而不用will。如：
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。
⑤ be going to可用于条件句，表示将来的时间，will一般不能。
If you will come tomorrow, we will wait for you. （错）
If you are going to come tomorrow, we will wait for you. （对）
如果不是表示将来的时间，而是表示“意愿、坚持、推论”等，will也可用于条件句。
If you will listen to me, I’ll tell you the truth.
⑥ be going to只能用于最近的未来，will可以用于遥远的未来。
The earth will explode in the far future.
4．现在进行时
（1）表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：
It's raining hard. I’m doing my homework.
（2）用现在进行时（用人做主语）这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作，但只适用于表示位置移动的动词或瞬间动词，例如：have, go, come, leave, travel, start, arrive, move, return, take off, fly (乘飞机)等，并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。
We’re having a party next week. They’re getting married next month.
I’m leaving for New York tomorrow. Mike is coming home on Thursday.
注意：以上是“人”作主语用现在进行时，如是“物”作主语，则用一般现在时。
The train leaves at 7:25 this evening.
The concert starts at 7: 30. 音乐会七点半开始。
（3）有些瞬间动词的现在进行时则表动作即将结束，如：
I am finishing. 我快做完了。 I’m coming. 我就来了。
It is ceasing to rain. 雨快停了。 The fruit is ripening. 这果子快熟了。
It was my painful duty to tell him he was dying. 要我把他即将去世的事告诉他，这使我十分为难。
（4）与always, often, usually, forever, constantly, continually等副词连用可表示表示说话者感到焦躁、惊讶、困惑、不快、赞扬、厌烦等感情色彩。如：
You’re always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话!(抱怨)
My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丢车钥匙。(不满)
She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(赞扬)
He’s continually asking me for money. She is constantly changing her mind.
（5）不能用进行时（只能用一般时）的动词：
① 表示存在状态的动词，如be, have, belong, possess, consist of, form, cost, own, exist, consistremian, stay, obtain, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。
例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
② 表示心理状态或感情的动词，如hope, wonder, know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, regret, forget, want, need, mean, understand, love, hate, like, prefer, forgive, doubt等。
例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
③ 瞬间动词，如beging, start, accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
④ 系动词(感官动词)，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn, notice, look, appear等。
例如：You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如：
Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him? (look在此为联系动词，意为 “显得，看上去”)
Tom is looking for his books. (look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”)
（6）以上几类动词, 在特殊情况下用于进行时态，是一种婉转的说话语气，比用一般时态显得更客气。如以下例子均摘自词典和名家的语法著作： I am hoping you will come. 我希望你能来。(比I hope…显得更客气)。
I’m hoping that you will come and have a chat with me. 我倒希望你来聊聊天。
I’m wondering if you have any questions. 我倒想知道你们有什么问题。
Now I’m remembering it. 现在我想起来了。
How are you liking Beijing? 你觉得北京如何?(问初步印象)
I’m always hearing strange stories about him. 我老听人讲关于他的奇奇怪怪的事。
I’m forgetting that I promised to visit him tonight. 我差点忘了我答应今晚去看他的。
Tina is resembling her sister more and more. 丁娜越来越像她姐姐了。
Thank you so much for the binoculars. I’ve been wanting a pair for ages.
我非常感谢你送给我望远镜。我一直想要一副。
The child was jumping with joy.这孩子高兴得直跳。
I'm seeing a lot of Joan at the library. 我常在图书馆看见琼。
5．过去进行时
常用的时间状语 the whole morning, all day, at 3:00 yesterday afternoon, from nine to ten last evening, when, while, at that time/moment, at his time last night
（1）表示过去某个具体时间里正在做的动作：at 3:00 yesterday afternoon; at 9:00 last night（时间小、具体）
主动I was doing my homework at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.
被动My homework was being done at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.
（2）表示过去两个动作同时进行，延续性动作用was/were doing，短暂性动作用did
主动I was doing my homework when you called me.
被动My homework was being done when you called me.
（3）表示过去两个动作同时进行，两个都是延续性动作，都用was/were doing，连接词用while
I was doing my homework while you were watching TV.
注：一般过去时除了用于“大”和“笼统”的过去时间里，也可以用于“小”和“具体”的过去时间里，但与过去进行时的意思有区别：
I did my homework at 3:00 yesterday afternoon. （过去时强调什么时间做的作业，回答when的问题）
I was doing my homework at 3:00 yesterday afternoon. （过去进行时强调3：00在干什么，回答what的问题）
（4）表示现在的情况，主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如：
I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
注；一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。
（5）表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。如：They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
（6）表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。（用人做主语）用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。如：
He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
6．将来进行时
（1）意义:
① 强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.
ThestudentswillbewatchingTVatseventhisevening.
Thistimetomorrowyou________theredoingsomemoreexercises.A)willsit B)willbesitting C)sit D)shallsit
② 表示按计划、安排、决定预料将要发生的事。
The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs. This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. Thistimenextweekweshallbeworkinginthatfactory.
We'llbehavingameetingatthreeo'clocktomorrowafternoon.
③ 表示委婉的请求：
When shall we be meeting again？ WhenwillyoubeseeingMr.White？(语气较委婉客气, 下属对上司)
（2）与现在进行时态表将来的区别
现在进行时态表将来比较主观，表示一种经过考虑的, 将来要进行的动作。而将来进行时比较客观，通常表示正常过程中自然会发生的动作, 因此将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定, 比后者偶然性要大一些:
I am seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我要和汤姆见面. （表主观，比较肯定能见面）
I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow. 明天我会见到汤姆. （表客观，也许他们在一起工作，不是很确定能见面）
（3）与一般将来时态的区别
① 将来进行时只是对将来事实的简单、客观的陈述，而一般将来时含有意愿或带有感情色彩。
误：I'llbehavingatalkwithher.（将来进行时不用于表示“意愿”） 正：I'llhaveatalkwithher.
I will come. 我会来。（表示“意愿”来）I will be coming. 我是要来的。（表示按照计划或客观情况会来）
Tom will cut the grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天愿意割草. (表示意愿，也可能表示许诺)
Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow. 汤姆明天将割草. (表示表示按照计划将要做)
② 有时这两种结构在意义上确实不同，例如：
Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不付账。(她拒绝付账) Mary won’t be paying this bill. 玛丽不会付账。(将来)
Will you join us for dinner? 你来和我们一起吃饭好吗? (邀请)
Will you be joining us for dinner? 你会和我们一起吃饭吗? (将来)
③ 在一定上下文里，尤其是当提出问题而又不想迫使对方做出明确答复时，用将来进行时就显得比用 will 委婉客气。试比较：
When will you finish these letters? 你什么时候会处理完这些信件? (如上司对下属)
When will you be seeing Mr. White? 你什么时候会见到怀特先生? (如下属对上司)
7．现在完成时
表示到现在、目前为止已经完成的动作，常用的时间状语有：since, for, during/over (the past years)等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), for many times,
so far, up to now, up to the present, by the time, by the end of等。
（1）already 与yet的区别
主动I have already done my homework now.（already用于肯定句，放在句中）
被动 My homework has already been done now.
主动I have not done my homework yet. （yet用于否定句，放在句末）
被动 My homework has not been done yet.
（2）since 与for的区别
I have studied English since 1990. (since接时间点，而且必须是具体时间，不能since 18 years ago)
I have studied English for 18 years. (for 接时间段，而且必须是延续动词，不能用短暂动词)
I have bought the book. (短暂动词也可以用于完成时态，但不能用于含for 接时间段的句子)
= I have kept/used the book for 18 years. (把短暂动词用另一个延续动词来替代，则能用于for 接时间段)
= I bought the book 18 years ago. （短暂动词一般用于过去时)
句型“It is/ has been……since”所使用的两种时态都正确，since后门的从句中用过去式。It is 18 years since I saw him last time.
It has been 18 years since I saw him last time.
（3）短暂动词，即非延续性动词的现在完成时的肯定式不能与表一段时间的时间状语连用。但可以与否定式连用。
He has returned home for 3 years. （错） He hasn’t returned home for 3 years.（对）
问：He has left home for five days.和He hasn’t left home for five days.哪个说法正确？
答：非延续性动词在否定句中可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，因此后面一句正确，意思是“他离开家不到五天”。第一个句子是错误的，正确的说法应为：
He has been away from home for five days.= He left home five days ago.= It is five days since he left home.
（4）have gone 与have been 的区别
have gone 表示去了某个地方，现在还没回来
---Where is Mr. Chen? （陈老师去哪了？）---He has gone to the street. （他去了街上）
have been表示到过某个地方，现在已经回来了
---Where have you been? （你到哪里？）---I have been to the street.（我到街上）
（5）表示第几次去(到)某地，在This is the first (second, third…) time (that)句式中，后面常用现在完成时。
This is the first time I have come to America.
（6）This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. That was the best film that I had ever seen.
This is the most interesting book I have ever read. That was the most interesting book I had ever read.
This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
（7）和过去时的区别：现在完成时指过去发生的动作，一直持续到对现在；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直到现在仍在那家医院工作。）
（8）重点：在完成时态中，只有延续性动词才可以接for引导的时间段，短暂动词则不能。
I havebought this book for 2 years. (错)
I have bought this book. (对) （改法①：去掉for引导的时间段）
I have kept this book for 2 years. (对) （改法②：用另一个延续动词代替原来的短暂动词，常用have, be, keep, use来代替）
I bought this book 2 years ago. (对) （改法③：把完成时态变为过去时态，句末加ago）
It is (has been) 2 years since I bought this book. (对) （改法④：变成句型“It is/ has been…since”，后面从句中动词用过去式。）
I haven’t bought a book for 2 years. （改法⑤：把肯定句变成否定句，不过意思与原来不一样了）
8．过去完成时
（1）表示过去某个时间以前完成的动作，注意时间前要用before。
主动I had done my homework before 3:00 yesterday afternoon.
被动My homework had been done before 3:00 yesterday afternoon.
（2）表示过去两个动作先后进行，发生在前面的动作用had done，发生在后面的动作用did。（要有before，after，when等连接）
I had done my homework before I called you.
= After I had done my homework, I called you. = When I had done my homework, I called you.
There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.
（3）在by, by the end of, by the time后接某一过去时间时，常用过去完成时。
He had copied the report three times by ten last night.
By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
（4）在no sooner…than…, hardly (scarcely/ barely)…when…句式中，前面用过去完成时, 等于as soon as。
They had hardly been seated when the bus started.
I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out.
I had scarcely closed the window when the storm came.
这些句式可以变成倒装句，时态不变。
Hardly had they been seated when the bus started.
No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.
（5）ago与before
“一段时间+ago”表示从现在说起多长时间以前，和过去时连用。
“一段时间+before”表示从过去一个时间点说起多长时间之前，和过去完成时连用。
—How long ago did you go to the United States?
—Ten years ago.
He told me he had left his hometown ten years before.
Two years ago, I left the company, which I had joined two years before.
（6）动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, think, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如：
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：
1) was / were + to have done sth, 例如：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
2) intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如：
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
We hoped to have caught the 8:00 bus, but found it gone.
9．将来完成时
表示将来某个时间才能完成的动作。常用的时间状语有：by the time; by the end of; before (the end of ) ; when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如：
By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
I will have finished reading this book by the end of next month.
I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.
When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
10．
现在完成
进行时
表示某个动作已经完成了一部分，但还要继续做下去。（有前提条件）
主动The teacher asks us to read five books in this term. I have been reading 3 of them.
被动The teacher asks us to read five books in this term. 3 of them have been read by me. （与现在完成时被动语态相同）
We have been working on this project for over a month now.
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.
少数动词，如work, study, teach, live等与表示一段时间的状语连用，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时都行，二者在意义上没什么区别。例如：
I’ve been working for ten hours. =I’ve worked for ten hours. 我已工作十个小时了。
11．
过去将来时
表示过去对未来的打算。只用于宾语从句的间接引语里和虚拟语气中。常用时间状语：the next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.
He said that he would do his homework.
He said that his homework would be done.
If he had time, he would do his homework today.
不规则动词巧记表
AAA型 过去式、过去分词与原形一致
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
cut
cut
cut
切、割、剪
shut
shut
shut
关、闭（门窗）
put
put
put
放置
hurt
hurt
hurt
受伤；疼痛
let
let
let
让
cost
cost
cost
值…钱；花费
set
set
set
设置
read
read
read
朗读；阅读
hit
hit
hit
撞击；打
spread
spread
spread
展开；铺开
AAB型 过去式与原形一致
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
beat
beat
beaten
击败；打败
ABA型 过去分词与原形一致
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
run
ran
run
跑步；逃跑
come
came
come
来
become
became
become
变得；成为
ABB型 过去式与过去分词一致
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
buy
bought
bought
买
lead
led
led
领导；致使
bring
brought
brought
带来
mislead
misled
misled
误导
fight
fought
fought
打架；打仗
feed
fed
fed
喂养；喂食
think
thought
thought
想；认为
flee
fled
fled
逃跑
seek
sought
sought
寻找；探究
meet
met
met
遇见；碰到
catch
caught
caught
抓住；接住
shoot
shot
shot
射击；投篮
teach
taught
taught
教；教书
light
lit / lighted
lit / lighted
点燃
lend
lent
lent
借出
get
got
got
获得；得到
send
sent
sent
送；派遣
win
won
won
获胜；赢得
spend
spent
spent
花（时间、钱）
sit
sat
sat
坐下
build
built
built
建设；建立
dig
dug
dug
挖掘
feel
felt
felt
感觉；摸起来
stick
stuck
stuck
刺；戳
leave
left
left
离开
hang
hung
hung
悬挂
keep
kept
kept
保持；保留
hang
hanged
hanged
绞死
sleep
slept
slept
睡觉
sell
sold
sold
出售；卖
oversleep
overslept
overslept
睡过头
tell
told
told
告诉
sweep
swept
swept
打扫
smell
smelt
smelt
闻；嗅
mean
meant
meant
意思是
spell
spelt
spelt
拼写
learn
learnt / learned
learnt / learned
学；学会
hold
held
held
拿着；举办
burn
burnt / burned
burnt / burned
燃烧；烧伤
find
found
found
找到；发现
hear
heard
heard
听见
stand
stood
stood
站立
have/has
had
had
有
understand
understood
understood
理解
make
made
made
制作
pay
paid
paid
付款
shine
shone / shined
shone / shined
照耀
say
said
said
说
lose
lost
lost
丢失；失去
lay
laid
laid
下蛋laying
deal
dealt
dealt
处理
lie
lied
lied
撒谎lying
lie
lay
lain
躺/放lying
ABC型 原形、过去式、过去分词不一致
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
begin
began
begun
开始
take
took
taken
拿走
drink
drank
drunk
喝；饮
mistake
mistook
mistaken
错拿
ring
rang
rung
铃响；打电话
shake
shook
shaken
摇动；握（手）
sing
sang
sung
唱歌
eat
ate
eaten
吃
sink
sank
sunk
下沉
fall
fell
fallen
落下；摔倒
swim
swam
swum
游泳
rise
rose（玫瑰）
risen
上升；上涨
blow
blew
blown
吹；刮风
drive
drove
driven
驾驶
fly
flew
flown
飞；放（风筝）
give
gave
given
给
know
knew
known
知道；懂得
forgive
forgave
forgiven
原谅
grow
grew
grown
种植；生长
see
saw
seen
看见
throw
threw
thrown
扔；投
ride
rode
ridden
骑（车、马）
draw
drew
drawn
绘画
hide
hid
hidden
躲藏
show
showed
shown
出示；给…看
bite
bit
bitten
咬
break
broke
broken
打破；不服从
forbid
forbade/forbad
forbidden
禁止；不许
speak
spoke
spoken
说话
write
wrote
written
书写
steal
stole
stolen
偷
bear（熊）
bore
born
忍受
choose
chose
chosen
选择
tear（眼泪）
tore
torn
撕破
freeze
froze
frozen
冻结
wear
wore
worn
穿、戴
wake
woke
woke / woken
醒来；唤醒
am / is
was
been
是
strike
struck
struck/stricken
打击；撞击
are
were
been
是
forget
forgot
forgotten
忘记
do / does
did
done
做
go
went
gone
去
lie
lay
lain
躺；卧
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