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第一章 探索物质的变化

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第一章 探索物质的变化第一章 探索物质的变化 第1节 物质的变化 知识提要 ,(物理变化、化学变化 物理变化 化学变化(化学反应) 区别 没有产生新物质的变化 产生新物质的变化 联系 物理变化的过程里不一定发生化学变化,化学变化的过程里一定同时发生物理变化 外观三态的变化、形状的变化、大小变化 常伴随发光、放热、变色、生成沉淀、放特征 出气体 实例 水的三态变化、铁块拉成铁丝 燃烧、铁生锈、食物腐烂、光合作用 ,(物理性质、化学性质 物理性质 化学性质 区别 物质不需要通过化学变化就能表现出物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质...

第一章  探索物质的变化
第一章 探索物质的变化 第1节 物质的变化 知识提要 ,(物理变化、化学变化 物理变化 化学变化(化学反应) 区别 没有产生新物质的变化 产生新物质的变化 联系 物理变化的过程里不一定发生化学变化,化学变化的过程里一定同时发生物理变化 外观三态的变化、形状的变化、大小变化 常伴随发光、放热、变色、生成沉淀、放特征 出气体 实例 水的三态变化、铁块拉成铁丝 燃烧、铁生锈、食物腐烂、光合作用 ,(物理性质、化学性质 物理性质 化学性质 区别 物质不需要通过化学变化就能表现出物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质 来的性质 内容 颜色、气味、状态、熔点、沸点、密可燃性、还原性、毒性、热稳定性等 度、水溶性等 实例 在通常情况下,水是一种无色、无味铁在氧气中可以燃烧生成四氧化三铁 的气体。 同步训练 一、选择题 1(物质发生化学变化的本质特征是( ) A(物质经过变化有其他物质生成 B(物质的颜色发生了变化 C(物质的状态发生了变化 D(物质发生变化时发光发热 2(下列变化中,属于物理变化的是( ) A(植物的光合作用 B(葡萄糖在人体内的氧化 C(加热硫酸铜晶体 D(从空气中分离出氧气 3(下列变化中,属于化学变化的是( ) A(成云降雨 B(木棍受力折断 C(汽油挥发 D(铁钉生锈 4(下列变化中,一定属于化学变化的是( ) A、变色 B、发热 C、自燃 D、爆炸 5(下列叙述中,属于氧气的化学性质的是( ) A(没有颜色 B(不易溶于水 C(密度比空气大 D(能跟红磷反应 二、分析与思考:金属钠的性质 ,(金属钠是一种银白色的固体,易与氧气反应,生成氧化钠。把一小块金属钠放入水中,剧烈反应,产生一种可燃性气体(氢气),产生的热量使金属钠熔化成银白色的小球,浮在水面上。 根据以上内容回答: (1)金属钠的物理性质有 。 , 。 (2)金属钠的化学性质有 , 。 (3)金属钠应该保存在( ) A(空气中 B(水中 C(煤油中 三、实验:探索硫酸铜晶体的性质 ,(观察:硫酸铜晶体是一种 状的 色的固体(硫酸铜晶体又叫蓝矾),溶于水,水溶液呈 色,味苦(又叫胆矾)。 emotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun also refuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targets Eve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, some believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, town-wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and old fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low-level flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire coming from the distance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xi-Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of ,(在硫酸铜溶液中加入氢氧化钠溶液,实验现象为 ,有关的化学反应方程式为 。 ,(在盛有鸡蛋清的试管中,加入硫酸铜溶液,实验现象为 ,根据这个性质,你认为硫酸铜的用途是 。 10(将研碎的硫酸铜晶体放入试管中加热,实验现象 、 ,化学反应方程式为 。 11(在冷却的装有硫酸铜的试管中,加入几滴水,实验现象为 ,化学反应方程式为 。根据这个性质,你认为硫酸铜的用途是 。 四、计算 12(把50克硫酸铜晶体加入到150克水中,充分溶解,求所得溶液中溶质的质量分数。 第2节 探索酸的性质(一) 知识提要 ,(pH与酸碱指示剂 指示剂 酸性溶液(pH,7) 中性溶液(pH=7) 碱性溶液(pH,7) 石蕊试液(紫色) 酚酞试液(无色) ,(盐酸和硫酸的性质: 盐酸(HCl) 硫酸(HSO) 24物理无色、有 气味的溶液。浓盐酸具纯净的硫酸是无色、粘稠、油状液体,不易性质 有 ,挥发出来的氯化氢气体遇空气挥发。浓硫酸有强烈的 和 。 中水蒸汽形成 。有酸味。 可用作干燥剂。 具有酸的通性 稀硫酸具有酸的通性 1(与指示剂作用:盐酸使紫色石蕊试液变,(与指示剂作用:稀硫酸使紫色石蕊试液 色,无色酚酞试液 色。 变 色,无色酚酞试液 色。 化 ,(与活泼金属反应生成盐和氢气 2(与活泼金属反应生成盐和氢气 SO == 如:Fe + H24 学 如:Zn + HCl == ,(与金属氧化物反应生成盐和水 ,(与金属氧化物反应生成盐和水 性 如:FeO+ HSO == 23 24 如:CuO + HCl == 质 ,(与碱反应生成盐和水(中和反应) ,(与碱反应生成盐和水(中和反应) 如: NaOH + HSO == 24 如:Cu(OH) + HCl == 2 ,(与盐反应生成盐和酸 ,(硫酸的检验 HSO + BaCl == 242 如:盐酸的检验 HCl+AgNO == 3 用途 用于金属表面除锈,制化学试剂和药物等 重要的化工原料,用于生产化肥和农药,金 属表面除锈,精炼石油等。 a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to findwide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a2Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin- 同步训练 一、选择题 1(测定溶液的酸碱度应当选用( ) A(紫色石蕊试液 B(pH试纸 C(无色酚酞试液 D(以上都可以 ,(能把稀盐酸、水和氢氧化钠三种无色溶液鉴别出来,应选择( ) (石蕊试液 B(无色酚酞 A C(紫色石蕊试液和氯化钡溶液 D(硝酸银溶液 ,(土壤的酸碱度直接影响农作物的生长,已知某地土壤显微酸性,从土壤的酸碱性考虑在该地区不适宜种植的作物是( ) 作物 小麦 油菜 西瓜 甘草 最适宜的土壤的5.5~6.5 5.8~6.7 6.0~7.0 7.2~8.5 PH值范围 A(西瓜 B(甘草 C(小麦 D(油菜 ,(区别稀盐酸和稀硝酸,选用的试剂是( ) A( AgNO B(NaCO C(BaClD(石蕊试剂 323 2 ,(能跟盐酸反应放出可燃性气体的是( ) A(NaCO B(NaHCO C(Zn D(AgNO 2333,(要除去硝酸中溶有的少量盐酸选用( ) A(硝酸银 B(氢氧化钠 C(金属铜 D(金属锌 ,(根据果汁瓶标签上标出的化学物质,请你运用学过的有关知识解答下列各题。 成分 蔗糖 柠檬酸 苯甲酸钠 橙汁 保存 置于阴凉处,避免阳光 体积 1000ml (1)这种果汁喝起来有酸味,则对果汁pH的判断,正确的是( ) A(pH>7 B(pH,7 C(pH<7 D(pH=14 (2)已知苯甲酸钠是一种防腐剂,化学方程式是CHCOONa。下列各组中,前面一个数表示65 苯甲酸钠中元素的种类,后面一个数表示1个苯甲酸钠分子中原子的个数,正确的一组是( ) A(4 15 B(5 16 C(6 15 D(4 6 ,(如图,往稀盐酸中滴加氢氧化钠溶液至完全中和时,溶液的pH变化的图象正确的是( ) 二、填空题 ,(认识酸 (1)写出下列物质的化学式: 盐酸 硫酸 硝酸 3Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mog from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing lowd fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a (2)盐酸、硫酸、硝酸电离时生成的 全部是 ,所以它们都是 。 (3)根据酸的分子里是否含有氧原子,可以把酸分为含氧酸和无氧酸,上述三种酸中,属于含氧酸的是 。 (4)酸溶液的pH值 7(,、,、,),酸溶液中加入石蕊溶液,变 色。 10(指出下列物质中加入石蕊试液或酚酞试液后的颜色变化: 试液 石蕊 酚酞 盐酸 氢氧化钠 11(根据下表回答: 表一:人体内的一些液体和排泄物的pH值。 血浆 7.35,7.45 胆汁 7.1,7.3 唾液 6.6,7.1 胰液 7.5,8.0 胃液 0.9,1.5 尿 4.7,8.4 乳汁 6.6,7.6 粪便 4.6,8.4 表二:一些食物的pH值。 醋 2.4,3.4 柑橘 3.0,4.0 泡菜 3.2,3.6 苹果 2.9,3.3 柠檬 2.2,2.4 牛奶 6.3,6.6 葡萄 3.5,4.5 鸡蛋清 7.6,8.0 (1)写出几种显酸性的水果: 、 、 。 (2)下列食物中显碱性的是( ) A(鸡蛋清 B(牛奶 C(苹果 D(葡萄 (3)人的胃液里含有少量胃酸(主要成分是盐酸),可以帮助消化。若是这种酸太多,会产生胃痛,可以用胃舒平(主要成分是氢氧化铝)进行治疗,其原理用化学方程式表示为 。 12(盐酸的主要化学性质: 反应物 反应物 实验现象 化学反应方程式 铁 氧化铁 盐酸 氢氧化钠(加酚酞) 碳酸钙 13(将一枚生锈的铁钉放入足量的盐酸中,先观察到的现象是 ,化学方程式为 ;过一会又观察到的现象 是 ,化学方程式是 。 14(盐酸的特性:检验盐酸时,可取其少量试液,加入几滴 溶液,能观察到有 色沉淀生成,化学方程式 ; 15(热水瓶胆的壁上沉积的水垢(主要成分是碳酸钙和氢氧化镁),可以加入适量的盐酸把它除掉。有关的化学方程式为 , 。 16(下图是某种胃药的部分标识。胃药中所含的物质XX牌胃药 能与胃里过多的胃酸反应。某病人按标识要求服用一成分:每片含氢氧化铝260mg 天胃药,理论上可以反应掉HCl多少毫克, 服用 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 :每天3次,每次2片 第2节 探索酸的性质(二) a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to findwide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a4Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin- 一、选择题 ,(实验室常用浓硫酸作某些气体的干燥剂,因为浓硫酸有( ) A(酸性 B(吸水性 C(腐蚀性 D(氧化性 ,(对浓硫酸进行稀释时, 一定会用到的一组仪器是( ) A(托盘天平、药匙 B(烧杯、玻璃棒 C(镊子、量筒 D(水槽、试管 ,(下列各处理浓硫酸方法正确的是( ) A(不慎把浓硫酸溅到皮肤或衣服上,应用大量的水冲洗 B(在稀释浓硫酸时,一定要把浓硫酸注入水中,不可把水倒入浓硫酸中 C(为了使用方便,浓硫酸可以存放在敞开口的容器里 D(在10mL量筒里取9mL水,再慢慢地向量筒中注入lmL浓硫酸溶解后配成1:9的硫酸溶液 ,(下列不属于稀盐酸与稀硫酸共有的化学性质的是( ) A( 能与碳酸钠反应放出二氧化碳 B( 能与锌反应放出氢气 C( 能与氯化钡溶液反应产生白色沉淀 D( 能与氢氧化铁反应生成有色溶液 ,(浓盐酸和浓硫酸都敞口放置一段时间,它们的共同变化是( ) A(质量都变小 B(溶质的质量分数都变小 C(质量都变大 D(颜色都改变 ,(稀盐酸中混有少量硫酸,为了除去硫酸,可加入适量的( ) A(铁粉 B(硝酸银 C(氯化钡 D(氢氧化钾溶液 7(为了除去铜粉中混有的少量氧化铜,应该选用的试剂是 ( ) A(水 B(稀硫酸 C(氢氧化钠溶液 D(硫酸铜溶液 ,(下图所示的实验基本操作正确的是 ( ) 二、填空题 ,(在稀硫酸溶液中滴,,,滴石蕊,显 色,滴入酚酞显 色。 10(稀释浓HSO时,要将______慢慢沿杯倒入______中,因为 ;浓24 硫酸能使木条和纸张变黑,是由于浓硫酸有______性;浓硫酸可以干燥H或O,是由于它22有______性;浓HSO和硝酸(浓或稀)与金属反应均无H产生,是由于它们具有______性。242 如果皮肤上或衣服上沾有浓硫酸,处理方法是 。 11(根据硫酸的性质填充下表: 反应物 反应物 实验现象 化学反应方程式 锌 氧化铜 硫酸 氢氧化铜 氯化钡溶液 12(检验硫酸时,所用试剂为 ,在其反应中,生成的白色沉淀是 ,化学方程式为 。 13(酿酒工厂生产白酒时,常加入适量稀硫酸来控制酸度,发酵完成后进行蒸馏,即可得到 5Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mog from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing lowd fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a 白酒,盐酸的价格比硫酸低,同样能控制酸度,试说明不用盐酸的原因 。 14(已知有如下反应:A,B?C,D。 (1)若A为Fe,B为HSO(溶液),C、D的化学式分别是__________、__________。 24 (2)若A为HCl(盐酸),,为NaOH(溶液),则该反应的化学方程式是: _________________________________________。 )若B为CuO,则A可能是___________________________。(答一种) (3 第2节 探索酸的性质(三) 一、选择题 ,(酸具有共同的性质是因为( ) A(都使指示剂变色 B(都能跟碱反应生成盐和水 + C(都能电离出酸根离子 D(电离出的阳离子全部是氢离子(H) ,(分别盛有浓硫酸、浓盐酸、浓硝酸的三个试剂瓶,敞口放置一段时间后(不考虑水分的挥发),则三瓶溶液( ) A(质量都变小了 B(溶液中溶质的质量分数都变大了 C(质量都变大了 D(溶液中溶质的质量分数都变小了 ,(食醋和白酒是家庭常用的调味品,当然也有其他方面的用途。下列做法你认为不正确的是( ) A(用棉纱球蘸取食醋擦拭铜器上的铜绿 B(用食醋除去热水瓶中的水垢 C(用白酒擦去桌面上的油腻物 D(用白酒擦拭切菜刀上的铁锈 ,(苯甲酸(CHCOOH)可用作食品防腐剂,其酸性比醋酸强。下列对苯甲酸性质的推测不65 合理的是( ) A(苯甲酸溶液的PH小于7 B(苯甲酸溶液的PH大于7 C(苯甲酸溶液能使紫色石蕊试液变红色 D(苯甲酸溶液不能使无色酚酞试液变色 5(下列酸的名称与化学式不相符合的是( ) A(碳酸(HCO) B(氢硫酸(HSO) C(磷酸(HPO) D(盐酸(HCl) 232434 6(下列为家庭中一些常见物质的PH: 物质 食醋 牙膏 食盐水 肥皂水 火碱液 PH 3 9 7 10 13 蚊子、蜂、蚂蚁等昆虫叮咬人时,会向人体射入一种叫蚁酸(具有酸的性质)物质,使皮肤红肿、瘙痒,甚至疼痛。要消除这种症状,可在叮咬处涂抹下列物质中的( ) A(牙膏或肥皂水 B(食盐水 C(火碱液 D(食醋 ,(要区别稀盐酸和稀硫酸,最好使用下列哪种试剂( ) A(AgNO B(NaCO C(BaCl D(石蕊试剂 3232 ,(广东是白蚂蚁的高发地区,白蚂蚁会蛀蚀木头,它分泌的蚁酸是一种酸,能腐蚀很多建筑材料。下列建筑材料最不容易被白蚂蚁腐蚀的是( ) ,(钢筋 ,(铜制品 C(大理石 D(铝合金 二、填空题 9(“-----有一些花的颜色是红的、蓝的或紫的。这些花里含的色素叫‘花青素’。花青素遇酸就变红,遇到碱就变蓝-------”(摘自:仇春霖《万紫千红的花》) 小红在阅读此段文字后,做了如下家庭实验:将一朵紫色喇叭花泡在肥皂水里,喇叭花很快就变成了蓝色。她又将另一朵紫色的喇叭花泡在家庭厨房里的某种调味品中,喇叭花变成了红色。请你根据以上实验现象回答: (1) 肥皂水的pH值_____7(填“)”、“=”、或“〈”〉; a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to findwide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a6Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin- (2) 小红选用的调味品可能是___________; (3) 喇叭花汁液的性质与化学实验中常用的________性质相似。 10(正常的雨水常显微酸性,这是由于在雨水中溶解了 ,而通常所说的酸雨是指pH小于5.6的雨水,当空气被 或 污染时,雨水便显酸性。因此,测定雨水的pH,可以了解当地空气的污染情况。为提高城市空气的质量,请提出两条切实可行的建议: ? , ? 。 11(完成下列化学方程式: (1) ( ) + HSO—— FeSO+ H? 24 4 2 (2) CuO + ( ) —— CuSO+ ( ) 4 (3) Fe(OH)+ ( ) —— FeCl+ ( ) 3 3 (4) ( ) + ( ) —— NaCl + HO 2 三、简答与计算 12(胃酸的主要成分是盐酸,胃酸过多 会引起胃痛。右图是一种治疗胃病药物的标签。 XX牌胃药 请回答: 成分:每片含氢氧化铝260mg (1)该药物的主要作用是___________________ 服用方法:每天3次,每次2片 ____________________,这种药物在胃中发生反 应的化学方程式是 ______________________________________。 (2)胃痛时吃几块苏打饼干(含纯碱)可减轻胃痛,该反应的化学方程式是: ___________________________________________________________________________。 13(下列六种物质:(1)氢氧化铁、(2)铁、(3)碳酸钙、(4)氧化铜、(5)二氧化碳、(6)硝酸银溶液,(7)氯化锌,其中能跟盐酸反应的写出化学方程式。 14(怎样鉴别3瓶分别盛有水、稀硫酸和稀盐酸的无色溶液, 15(请仔细阅读下列某种加钙食盐包装袋上的部分文字: 配料表:氯化钠、食用碳酸钙、碘酸钾 净含量:500 g 成分表:氯化钠?88, 钙(以Ca计)(0.5,1.3), 碘(以I计)(20,50)mg,kg 为了测定此盐中碳酸钙的含量,取100g这种盐溶于适量水,加入10g盐酸溶液,恰好完全反应,生成1.32 g二氧化碳(假设无损失),求: (1) 一袋加钙食盐中碳酸钙的质量; 7Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mog from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing lowd fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a (2) 该盐酸溶液的质量分数。 第3节 探索碱的性质(一) 知识提要 氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙的性质 氢 氧 化 钠(NaOH) 氢 氧 化 钙(Ca(OH)) 2俗名 物 色固体, 溶于水,溶于水时放热,水溶色粉末, 溶于水,水溶液俗称石理 液具有腐蚀性。 灰水,有较强的腐蚀性。 性 在空气中吸水 ,用作某些气体的干燥 质 剂。 ,(跟指示剂作用: NaOH溶液能使石蕊溶液能使石,(跟指示剂作用:Ca(OH)2化 变 , 使酚酞变 。 蕊变 , 使酚酞变 。 ,(跟部分非金属氧化物反应生成盐和水 2(跟部分非金属氧化物反应生成盐和水 学 如:CO + NaOH == (检验CO的反应) 22性 3(跟酸反应生成盐和水(中和反应) 3(跟酸反应生成盐和水(中和反应) Ca(OH)+ HNO == 2 3质 如: NaOH + HSO == ,(跟部分盐反应生成新碱和新盐 24 Ca(OH) + NaCO == 223 4(跟部分盐反应生成新碱和新盐 如:FeCl + NaOH == 3 CuSO +NaOH == 4 用途 化工原料(制肥皂等)、石油化工中中和硫酸、建筑材料、改良酸性土壤等 作干燥剂等 同步训练 一、选择题 1(下列火碱的性质属于化学性质的是( ) A(白色固体 B(极易溶解于水 C(使紫色石蕊试液变蓝色 D(易潮解 ,(对于?盐酸 、?氢氧化钠、?水,它们的PH值由大到小的顺序为( ) A(??? B(??? C(??? D(??? ,(固体氢氧化钠必须密闭保存,其原因是( ) (1)氢氧化钠有毒;(2)氢氧化钠有强腐蚀性;(3)氢氧化钠在空气中会被氧化;(4)氢氧化钠在空气里易吸收水分而潮解;(5)氢氧化钠能与空气中的二氧化碳反应。 A((1)(2) B((3)(4) C((4)(5) D((2)(5) ,(能用氢氧化钠干燥的气体是( ) A(二氧化碳 B(氯化氢 C(二氧化硫 D(氢气 ,(下列物质暴露在空气中一段时间后,质量减小的是( ) A(浓盐酸 B(石灰石 C(氢氧化钠固体 D(食盐晶体 ,(某学生在研究工业废水的利用中,要把一瓶含氢氧化钠的废水的pH调至小于7,所采 -a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to findwide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a8Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin 用的下列方法中正确的是( ) A.(往废水滴加紫色石蕊试液后,加入适量的蒸馏水稀释 B(往废水滴加紫色石蕊试液后,加盐酸至溶液呈紫色 C(往废水滴加紫色石蕊试液后,加盐酸至溶液呈红色 D(往废水滴加紫色石蕊试液后,加盐酸至溶液呈蓝色 二、填空题 ,(写出下列碱的化学式: 氢氧化钠 氢氧化钙 氢氧化铁 氢氧化铜 ,(氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙等电离时生成的 全部是 它们都属于 类。 ,(在氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙溶液中加入几滴石蕊试液,溶液显 色,加入几滴酚酞试液溶液显 色。溶液的pH 7(,、,、,)。 10(氢氧化钠有较强的腐蚀性,俗称 、 、 ,它在空气中极易吸收 ,还能跟 起反应,故应 保存。 11(在黄色的氯化铁溶液中滴加氢氧化钠溶液,可以观察到的现象是 ,这个反应的化学方程是 。 12(在蓝色的硫酸铜溶液中滴加氢氧化钠溶液,可以观察到的现象是 ,这个反应的化学方程是 。 13(中和反应实验: (1)在试管中,加入少量氢氧化钠溶液,加1,2滴酚酞,溶液显 色,溶液的pH 7(,、,、,)。 (2)在所得溶液中,逐滴滴入稀盐酸,至溶液恰好变为无色为止。在加入盐酸的过程中,该溶液的pH变 (大、小、不变)。恰好完全反应时,溶液的pH 7(,、,、,)。若盐酸过量,溶液的pH 7(,、,、,),溶液为 色。 (3)把所得溶液蒸干,得到一种白色固体物质,该物质是 。 (4)有关的化学反应方程式为 。 三、计算 14(20克质量分数是20%的NaOH溶液,恰好跟80克CuSO溶液完全反应,计算:(1)可生4 成沉淀多少克,(2)CuSO溶液中溶质质量分数是多少, 4 第3节 探索碱的性质(二) 一、选择题 ,(用于改良酸性土壤的是( ) A(NaOH B(Ca(OH) C(Cu(OH) D(CHCOOH 223 ,(通过实验我们测得了食盐溶液、石灰水、汽水、食醋的pH,请你判断下图中表示石灰水pH的点是( ) A B C D pH值增大 ,(区分烧碱溶液和澄清石灰水,应选用的试剂是( ) A(紫色石蕊溶液 B(无色酚酞溶液 C(氯化铵溶液 D(碳酸钠溶液 ,(熟石灰在日常生活和工业生产中有广泛的用途,下列关于熟石灰的用途不正确的是( ) A(作建筑材料 B(改良酸性土壤 C(制农药波尔多液 D(治疗钙缺乏症 ,(为了防止小包装食品受潮,在一些食品包装袋中放入的干燥剂是( ) A(生石灰 B(氢氧化钠 C(食盐 D(无水硫酸铜 ,(园林工人在树身下部涂上一层石灰浆,石灰浆的作用是( ) d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a9Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mog from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low A(美观作用 B(杀菌作用 C(标记作用 D(以上说法都不对 ,(下列物质中,不能跟石灰水反应的是( ) A(三氧化硫 B(氢氧化钠 C(碳酸钠 D(盐酸 ,(要鉴别下列各组物质,括号内的试剂选用最恰当的是( ) A(稀盐酸和稀硫酸(石蕊试液) B(氢气和一氧化碳(水) C(氧化钙和氢氧化钙(稀盐酸) D(空气和氧气(带火星的小木条) 二、填空题 ,(氢氧化钙俗称 、 ,水溶液是石灰水,有腐蚀性。把一瓶石灰水放到空气中,瓶壁和表面有一层白色物质,形成原因是(用方程式表示) 。 10(要把装石灰水的瓶子洗干净,先加入少量 ,原因是(用方程式表示): ,再用水洗干净。 11(土壤中经常施用化学肥料使土壤显酸性,不利于农作物生长。农业上施加 来降低土壤的酸性;精练石油时,用 中和过量的酸。 12(浓硫酸、氢氧化钠、生石灰都有吸水性,是常用的干燥剂。结合所学知识回答: (1)如果实验室干燥二氧化硫气体,选用 。 (2)如果工业上用90%的酒精溶液制取无水酒精,选用 。 (3) 适宜作保存饼干等食品的干燥剂。 13(用化学式填写: 在熟石灰、稀盐酸、干冰、烧碱中,可用于配制波尔多液的是 ,用于人工降雨的是 ,用于制肥皂的是 ,用于除铁锈的是 。 三、简答与计算 14(怎样以石灰石、水、碳酸钠为原料制取火碱,写出相应的化学方程式。 15(某校科学小组的同学们为了了解贝壳(主要是碳酸钙)的成分,进行如下实验:将12.5克贝壳粉末与30.5克稀盐酸混合,恰好完全反应,放出气体4.4克。 求:(1)贝壳粉末中碳酸钙的质量分数 (3)稀盐酸中溶质的质量分数。 第3节 探索碱的性质(三) 一、 选择题 ,(下列变化属于物理变化的是 ( ) A(二氧化碳使石灰水变浑浊 B(干冰在室温时变成二氧化碳气体 C(用盐酸除去铁锈 D(加热蓝色胆矾变成白色粉末 ,(下列物质中,不跟硫酸铜溶液发生反应的是( ) A(氯化镁溶液 B(氯化钡溶液 C(氢氧化钠溶液 D(铁粉 ,(如图所示,广口瓶中盛有气体X,胶头滴管中盛有液体Y,若挤压胶头滴管使液体滴入瓶中,振荡,一段时间后可见小气球鼓起。下表中的各组物质不出现上述现象的是( ) A B C D X CO CO HCl SO 22 Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to findwide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a10 Y Ca(OH) NaOH Ba(OH) NaOH 22 ,(下列各组物质在溶液中能大量共存的是( ) A(NaOH、NaCl、CuSO B(Ca(OH)、CaC1、HCl 422 C(KCl、NaCO、NaOH D(NaCO、NaCl、HCl 2323 ,(氢氧化钠需要密封保存的原因是( ) A(脱水性 B(易潮解 C(腐蚀性 D(能和空气中CO反应 2 ,(能跟稀硫酸发生中和反应,生成物中有难溶于水和稀硝酸的物质是( ) A(氯化钡溶液 B(氢氧化铜 C(碳酸钠溶液 D(氢氧化钡溶液 ,(有四种溶液,分别是盐酸、硫酸铜溶液、氯化铁溶液、无色酚酞试液,用一种试剂就可以将它们区别开来,应选用的试剂是( ) A(NaOH B(HSO C(AgNO D(BaCl2432 ,(在稀硫酸中逐滴加入下列物质,会使溶液的导电能力变化 情况如图所示的是( ) A(NaOH溶液 B(NaCO溶液 23 C(Ba(OH)溶液 D(BaCl溶液 22 二、填空题 ,(填写下表: 指示剂的变化情况 名称 化学式 颜色 状态 溶解性 石蕊 酚酞 烧碱 熟石灰 Cu(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 3 10(有HNO、NaOH、NaCl、HSO、Ca(OH)等溶液,其中pH=7的是 ,pH<73242 的是 ,pH>7的是 。 11(完成下列化学方程式括号内只能填酸、碱或盐的化学式,只写一个 (1) Fe(OH)+( )—— Fe(SO)+( ) 3 243 (2) KOH +( )—— Fe(OH)? +( ) 3 (3) Ba(OH)+( )—— ( )+ HO 2 2 (4) Ca(OH)+( )—— NaOH +( ) 2 12(请从乙栏中选择合适的实验现象的序号填入与甲栏对应的 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 栏中 甲栏 答案栏 乙栏 在氢氧化钠溶液中滴入酚酞 A(产生红褐色沉淀 B(产生蓝 色沉淀 ,(溶液变红色 硫酸铜溶液中加入氢氧化钠溶液 ,(溶液变无色 ,(溶液变浑氯化铁溶液中加入氢氧化钠溶液 浊 ,(没有明显变化 滴有酚酞的氢氧化钠溶液中加入足量盐酸 石灰水中通入二氧化碳气体 13( 在盛有无色氢氧化钡溶液的试管里逐一加入A、B、C三种溶液,现象: 加A 加, 氢氧化钡 蓝色沉淀 加B 沉淀溶解 白色沉淀 re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mog from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing lowd fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a11Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep 若A、B、C可从硫酸、盐酸和氯化铜三种溶液中选择, 请根据实验现象判断并写出A、B、C及蓝色沉淀和白色沉淀的化学式: A B C 蓝色沉淀 白色沉淀 三、简答与计算 14(要求用一种试剂鉴别稀盐酸、石灰水和氢氧化钠三种无色溶液。简述实验步骤并写出有关化学方程式。 15(在40g5%的氢氧化钠溶液里,滴入2-3滴酚酞试液,试计算(1)加入多少克5%的硫酸才能使溶液刚好变成无色;(2)所得溶液中溶质的质量分数。 第4节 几种重要的盐(一) 知识提要 ,(食盐与纯碱 学名 氯化钠 碳酸钠 十水碳酸钠 俗名 化学式 物理性质 白色或无色晶体,易溶于水,白色粉末状固体,易白色或无色晶体,易 熔点801?,沸点1413? 溶于水,溶液显碱性 溶于水,溶液显碱性, 晶体易风化 化学性质 NaCl + AgNO == 3 NaCO+ HCl == 23 Ca(OH) + NaCO == 223 NaCO+ CaCl == 232 -2-鉴别方法 Cl的检验: CO的检验: 3 用途 参与人体生理活动,调味品,蒸馒头,洗油污,广泛用于玻璃、造纸、纺 腌渍食物,医用盐水,化工原织、洗涤剂等工业中。 料。 ,(几种常见的化学肥料 同步训练 一、选择题 1(医疗用的生理盐水中含NaCl( ) A(0.9 % B(1.1% C(1.25% D(1.9% 2(要洗掉盛放石灰水的试剂瓶内壁上的沉积物,可选用下列试剂中的 ( ) A(稀盐酸 B(蒸馏水 C(硝酸银溶液 D(烧碱溶液 3(如果将某种工业用盐当作食盐食用,会引起食物中毒,该工业用盐有致癌作用,这种盐的化学式是( ) A(MgCl B(KCl C(NaNO D(MgSO 224 wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a12Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find 4(用废旧书报包装食品,会引起食品污染,这是由于印刷书报的油墨中含有( ) A(汞化物有害物质 B(砷化物 C(铜盐有害物质 D(铅的有害物质 5(铜、汞、铅等重金属盐能使人中毒,如误入口应采取急救措施是( ) A(喝大量蒸馏水 B(喝大量盐水 C(喝大量鸡蛋清 D(喝大量葡萄糖水 6(下列物质用于保护食物,以免被微生物侵蚀而腐败的是( ) A(酒精 B(食盐 C(醋酸 D(硝酸钾 ,(将鸡蛋壳浸入稀盐酸中,有气泡产生,这是因为鸡蛋壳中含有( ) A(硫酸根 B(碳酸根 C(氢氧根 D(硝酸根 ,(为了检验汽油中是否含有少量水,可往汽油中加入少量的( ) A( 胆矾 B(无水CuSO C(CuO D(CaCO 4 3,(下列溶液既能与Ca(OH) 溶液反应,又能与盐酸反应的是( ) 2 A. NaCOB. BaClC.CuSOD.MgSO 23 2 4 4310(把一块木块漂浮在密度为1.2克/厘米的氢氧化钡溶液中,再往该氢氧化钡溶液中慢3慢加入密度为1.2克/厘米的硫酸溶液,木块浸入的体积( ) A(增加 B(减少 C(不变 D(无法确定 二、填空题 ,,2, ,11(现有OH、H、NO、Cu四种微粒,(1)能组成的一种酸是 ;(2)能组成的一3 种碱是 ;(3)能组成的一种盐是 。 12(有下列五种物质: H、CO、NaOH、CHCOOH、NaCO ,请选择物质的序号填空: 22323 (1)能用来制造碳酸饮料的酸性氧化物是__________; (2)具有可燃性和还原性的气态单质是__________; (3)能用来蒸馒头的盐是__________; (4)食物醋中含有的酸是__________; (5)能广泛用于制肥皂、造纸、纺织等工业生产的碱的是__________。 13(有三种溶液,盐酸、氢氧化钠溶液、氯化钠溶液,其pH值从大到小的顺序为 。 14(填写下列空白 (1)粗盐在空气里容易变潮是因为其中含有______、______等杂质。 (2)胆矾的化学式是__________________,它是____色的晶体,把它放在蒸发皿中加热后变 成______。 (3)碳酸钠晶体的化学式是______,其中所含的水叫做______,常温下在干燥的空气中,碳酸钠晶体能够______。 15(某污水pH=5,主要含有碎菜叶、碎塑料薄膜、泥沙、少量氯化钠和硫酸钠等物质。现欲将其经过滤处理后用于清洗厕所的用水。问: (1)从耐腐蚀角度考虑,应选择何种材料制成的管子来引流这种污水 (铁管、铝管、陶瓷管) -(2)要判定经过滤后的水中是否还存在Cl,检验的方法是:取少量污水先滴加过量的 _________(写化学式)溶液至无沉淀生成,然后继续往其中滴入HNO和 溶液,观察3 有无白色沉淀生成。 16(随着科学技术的发展,环保问题越来越引起各国政府的重视,工业污水必须经过处理,达到国家 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 后,才能排放。某化学试剂厂A、B、C、D四个车间排放的污水中,分别含有污染物CuCl、HCl、NaCO、NaOH中的一种,现对污水作如下处理: 223 (1)将A的污水与B的蓝色污水通入第一反应池,产生蓝色沉淀; (2)将C的污水与D的酸性污水通入第二反应池,产生大量气泡; (3)将第一反应池上层的碱性污水与第二反应池流出的酸性污水通入第三反应池,最终污水显中性,再向外排放。试推断各车间污水的污染物分别是: A B C D g from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing lowd fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a13Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mo 三、简答题 17(已知钡盐进入血液可使人中毒,为什么医院做肠胃透视时还让病人服用钡餐(BaSO),4能否用BaCO代替BaSO,为什么, 34 18(为了证明长期暴露在空气中的氢氧化钠溶液已部分变质,请分别选用三种不同物质类别的试剂完成三种实验 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 的设计,并填写实验报告。 实验方案 步骤一 步骤二(选用试剂及实验现象) 1 取样2毫升于试管中 2 取样2毫升于试管中 3 取样2毫升于试管中 第4节 几种重要的盐(二) 一、 选择题 ,(经消毒杀菌后的自来水中会含有可溶性的氯化物。鉴别消毒过的自来水与蒸馏水可选用的试剂是( ) A(硝酸钡溶液 B(硝酸银溶液 C(酚酞试液 D(氢氧化钠溶液 ,(下列各组物质的溶液混合后能发生复分解反应,但不产生沉淀和气体的是( ) A(碳酸钾和硫酸 B(硝酸钾和硫酸钠 C(氢氧化钙和盐酸 D(硫酸铜和氢氧化钠 ,(常温下将烧碱溶液滴入氯化铁溶液中,产生沉淀的颜色是( ) A(黑色 B(白色 C(红褐色 D(蓝色 ,(在下列盐的水溶液中,滴入氢氧化钠溶液产生蓝色沉淀,滴入硝酸银溶液观察不到明显现象,则这种盐是( ) A(氯化铜 B(硝酸铜 C(氯化铁 D(硝酸钾 ,(某盐溶液加入硝酸银溶液产生白色沉淀,加入稀硫酸也产生白色沉淀,该盐是( ) A(氯化钠 B(硝酸钡 C(氯化钡 D(磷酸铵 ,(要除去NaCl中混有的少量NaCO,最好选用( ) 23 A(适量的硫酸 B(适量的盐酸 C(适量的氢氧化钙溶液 D(过量的氯化钡 7(在食品中的某些元素含量偏高会引起毒性反应,食品卫生法对它们的含量最高标准有极 严格规定,这些元素是 ?Na ?Mg ?As砷 ?Cd镉 ?Ca ?Zn ? Hg ?Pb ?Cu ?K中的( ) A(???? B(???? C(???? D(????? ,(据有关专家介绍,用碱性溶液或清水浸泡冲洗蔬菜,可以降低蔬菜上的农药毒性。因此,买来的蔬菜在使用前可用稀碱水或清水浸泡一段时间。浸泡蔬菜时可加入适量的( ) A(固体碳酸钠 B(食醋 C(白酒 D( 白糖 二、填空题 (在H、O、C、Cl、Ca五种元素中,选择适当元素,组成符合下列要求的物质,将其化学9 式填入空格中。 (,) 可用于人工降雨的氧化物___________; (,) 可用于金属表面除锈的酸___________; (,) 可改良酸性土壤的碱___________; (,) 可作建筑材料的盐___________; (,) 可作干燥剂的金属氧化物___________. 10((接9题)用上述五种元素组成适当的物质,写出符合下列要求的化学方程式: 化合反应_____________________________ 分解反应_____________________________ 复分解反应___________________________ d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to findwide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a14Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low 11((1)磷酸二氢钾(KHPO)大晶体已应用于我国研制的巨型激光器“神光二号”中,在24 磷酸二氢钾中磷元素的化合价是________价。磷酸二氢钾属于化学肥料中的__________。 (2)为保护三峡库区的水环境,已禁止销售含磷洗涤剂,大量含磷洗涤废水排进长江,可能造成的危害有(填序号)____________ A(水生植物疯长 B(水中缺氧 C(水质变坏 D(鱼类死亡 13(选择适当的化学式填写在横线上。 (1) ______ + NaCO= 2NaOH + ______ 23 (,) CuO + ______ = CuSO+ _____ 4 (3) ______ + 2HCl = CO? + ______ + ______ 2 (4) Ca(OH)+ ______ = CaCO? + ______ 2 3 (5) ______ + HSO= NaSO+ ______ 24 24 (6) BaCl+ ______ = BaSO? + ______ 2 4 (7) NaCl + ______ = AgCl? + ______ 14(蛋糕等食品包装中的除氧剂是一种黑色粉末状的固体,失效后带有红褐色。某科学课外兴趣小组为了探究其主要成份,将一包未变质的除氧剂分成两份:一份加入稀盐酸中,发现有大量气泡产生;另一份加入到氯化铜溶液中,一段时间后溶液颜色变淡绿色,固体逐渐变红。请回答: (1)该除氧剂的主要成份是 ; (2)为了验证上述推断是否正确,可以用到一种物理方法,即 ____________________。 15(某初中学生在帮助老师准备实验时,发现了一瓶失去标签的黑色粉末和一瓶标签破损(如图)的无色液体。询问老师得知,该实验室的黑色粉末只有氧化铜、二氧化锰、四氧化三铁、铁粉、炭粉五种可能。为了鉴定这两种试剂,该同学将黑色粉末与无色液体混合,发现立即产生气泡。 (1)请你根据上述信息,作出关于黑色粉末和无色液体可能成分的猜测: (2)做出上述猜测的理论依据是____________ (化学方程式) ; (3)为验证上述猜测,你的操作是______________;若上述猜测正确,则应得到的实验现象是_______________。 三、简答题 16(怎样鉴别下列三种物质:氯化钠、硫酸铵、氯化铵,简述实验过程。 四、连线题 17(分析下列化肥的组成,你认为它们各属于哪一类肥料,用线条连接起来: 硫酸铵(NHNO) 硝酸钾(KNO) 碳酸钾(KCO) 43323 氮肥 磷肥 钾肥 复合肥料 磷酸二氢钙(Ca(HPO)) 磷酸钾(KPO) 氯化钾(KCl) 硝酸铵(NHNO) 2423443 第5节 寻找金属变化的规律 知识提要 ,(金属具有一些共同的物理性质:?在常温下除汞为液体外,其余都是固体;?具有金属光泽,多数呈银白色或灰色(金为黄色,铜为紫红色);?具有导电性和导热性;?具有延展性;?密度一般较大。 15Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mog from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing lowd fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a ,(置换反应规律:在金属活动性顺序表中,排在氢前面的金属能置换酸(不包括浓硫酸和硝酸)里的氢,排在后面的金属则不能;排在前面的金属能把排在后面的金属从它们的盐溶液中置换出来(K、Ca、Na除外)。 同步训练 一、选择题 1(下列各组金属中, 金属活动性顺序由弱到强依次正确排列的是( ) A(Zn Fe Cu B(Fe Zn Cu C(Cu Fe Zn D(Cu Zn Fe 2(下列各组的三种金属, 都能跟稀硫酸反应生成氢气的是( ) A(Cu Hg Ag B(Fe Zn Cu C(Mg Al Fe D(Al Zn Ag 3(某金属M能置换稀硫酸中的氢,但不能使Zn(NO)溶液中的锌析出,则M可能是( ) 32 A(Cu B(Ag C(Fe D(Al 4(过量的铁粉,跟一定量的硫酸铜溶液充分反应后,经过滤,在滤液中的物质是( ) A(CuSO B(FeSO C(Fe(SO) D(CuSO和FeSO4 4 243 44 5(把铁片插入下列溶液中,不发生置换反应的是( ) A(AgNO B(HSO C( KCl D(CuSO 3 24 4 6(将甲乙两种金属跟下列试剂反应,得到如下实验结果,由此可判别出甲比乙活泼的是( ) A(甲能跟稀硫酸发生置换反应而乙不能 B(甲乙都不能跟硫酸锌溶液发生置换反应 C(甲乙都不能跟硫酸亚铁溶液发生置换反应 D(甲乙都能跟硝酸银溶液发生置换反应 7(有X、Y、Z三种二价金属,它们的金属活动性顺序为X>氢>Y>Z,则下列化学反应方程式中正确的是( ) A(Z + HSO ? ZSO + H? B(Y + HSO? YSO + H? 244224 42 C(Z + X(NO) ? Z(NO)+ X D(Y + Z(NO) ? Y(NO) + Z 3232 32328(现有四种金属M、N、X、Y,将它分别投入盐酸中, 只有X、Y发生反应产生气泡; 将Y投入X的硝酸盐溶液中,有X的单质析出;将M投入N的硝酸盐溶液中,溶液质量减轻。据此, 这四种金属的活动性顺序应是( ) A(Y,X,M,N B(Y,X,N,M C(N,M,X,Y D(X,Y,M,N 9(为适应火车提速,一些铁路上原有的短轨需要连接为超长轨。人工常用2Al +FeO== 23AlO+2Fe这一反应原理来焊接钢轨。有关该反应的下列说法中,正确的是( ) 23 A(该反应属于化合反应 B(该反应属于复分解反应 C(该反应属于置换反应 D(该反应中铁元素的化合价升高 10(不法分子用铜锌合金制成假金元宝行骗的事件屡有发生,下列不易区别其真伪的方法(密3度:克/厘米 金:19.3;铜:8.9; 锌:7.14) ( ) A(放入硫酸中 B(放入盐酸中 C(测定密度 D(观察外观 二、填空题 11(向CuCl和ZnCl的混合溶液中,加入少量的铁粉,充分反应后过滤, 留在滤纸上的物22 质是 。 12(有X、Y、Z三种金属,有如下反应关系:Y+XSO?YSO+X,Y+Z(NO)?Y(NO)+Z,X+Z(NO)44323232?X(NO)+Z,这三种金属的活动性顺序是 。 32 13(宋代初期,人们发现江西上饶有一苦泉, 蒸发这种苦泉水会得到胆矾, 熬苦泉水的铁锅用久了会变成铜锅,这也是湿法冶炼铜的起源。写出这个反应的化学方程式 。 14(某工厂排出的废液中含有AgNO、Zn(NO)、Cu(NO)三种物质,回收金属银和铜,化学33232 课外小组的同学设计了如下实验方案: 滤液B 加适量铁粉 Zn(NO) 滤液A ————? 32加适量铜粉 过滤 AgNO ———? 固体Y 3过滤 16Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to findwide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a Cu(NO) 固体X 32 根据以上实验方案你认为:固体X是 ,固体Y是 ,滤液B是 。 15(某市一家化工厂处理含铜垃圾的生产流程如下: 写出上述生产流程中?(?(?步的化学反应方程式: ?_____________________________ ?_____________________________ ?_____________________________ 16(某白色粉末,加水溶解成为蓝色溶液,把蓝色溶液分成两等份:一份投入一根铁钉,在铁钉表面上析出红色固体;另一份加入氯化钡溶液,生成不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀。某白色粉末是______,它与铁钉反应的化学方程式为____________,与氯化钡反应的化学方程式为____________。 三、简答与计算 17(不法商贩为牟取暴利,不择手段搞假冒商品,请你根据学过的化学知识,设计简单的实验方案,用化学方法鉴别下列物质的真伪: (1)用自来水冒充蒸馏水 (2)用溶质质量为95%的乙醇溶液冒充无水乙醇 (3)用铝合金冒充纯银制品 18(把一块5克的铜锌合金,放入足量的稀硫酸中,充分反应后,共收集氢气1.12升(氢 /升)。求:(1)5克合金中锌的质量。(2)合金中铜的质量分数。 气的密度为0.09克 第6节 有机物的存在和变化 一、选择题 1(下列各组物质中均属于有机物的是( ) A(乙酸,乙醇,淀粉 B(金刚石,水,天然气 C(大理石,干冰,一氧化碳 D(酒精,煤气,塑料 2(下列关于甲烷性质的叙述,不正确的是( ) A(甲烷在空气中燃烧生成水和二氧化碳 B(甲烷是无色、有臭味的气体 C(甲烷是一种简单的有机物 D(甲烷极难溶于水 3(鉴别织物是蚕丝(真丝)或是人造丝的方法是( ) A(滴加浓硝酸 B(滴加浓硫酸 C(滴加酒精 D(灼烧后嗅气味 4(把蔗糖隔绝空气加热生成碳和水,蔗糖的组成是( ) A(一定有碳元素、氢元素和氧元素 B(一定有碳元素、氢元素,可能有氧元素 C(可能有碳元素和氢元素,一定没有氧元素 D(可能有碳元素、氢元素和氧元素 re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mog from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing lowd fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a17Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep 5(病人输液时常用的葡萄糖的化学式为CHO下列关于葡萄糖的叙述,正确的是( ) 6126 A(葡萄糖中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为1:2:1。 B(葡萄糖分子由6个碳元素、12个氢元素和6个氧元素组成 C(葡萄糖由6份碳和6份水构成 D(葡萄糖分子中,碳、氢、氧元素的原子个数比是1:2:1 6(在西部大开发中,将投巨资兴建“西气东输”工程,将西部蕴藏的丰富资源通过管道输送到东部地区。这里所指的“西气”的主要成分是( ) A(CH B(CO C(H D(NH 423 7(下列物质用途不正确的是( ) A(8%—10%的NaCl溶液—生理盐水 B(75%的酒精——消毒杀菌 C(福尔马林——浸制生物标本。 D(乙醚——麻醉剂 8(家庭中洗涤热水瓶内少量的水垢,实际可行的方法是( ) A(用稀盐酸洗涤 B(用食用白醋洗涤 C(用热碱水洗涤 D(用食盐水洗涤 9(将蜡烛点燃后,用一干燥的烧杯罩在焰上,发现内壁有水珠生成,将烧杯迅速倒过来注入少量石灰水后振荡,发现石灰水变浑浊。蜡烛中一定含有( ) A(碳元素和氢元素 B(碳元素和氧元素 C(碳元素、氢元素、氧元素 D(氢元素、氧元素 10(德国科学家试用“汽水”(碳酸饮料)浇灌植物,其不能起到的作用是( ) A(调节土壤的pH值(减弱土壤的碱性 B(提高农作物的产量 C(促进植物的光合作用 D(加速植物的呼吸作用 二、实验探究 11(从地下开采出的最主要的三种矿物燃料中,呈气态的燃料是______,主要成分的化学式为______;呈液态的燃料是______,主要含__和__元素;呈固态的燃料是______,主要含有______元素。 12(工业酒精不能饮用是因为 ;矿物能源燃烧时会产生一种刺激性气味的气体,易形成酸雨,因为矿物能源中含有 ;含碳物质的不完全燃烧会产生一种有毒气体是 。 13(木炭具有如下性质: (1)它在常温下是一种不溶于水的______; (2)木炭能使有色液体脱色,说明它具有______; 3)木炭在高温下与氧化铁反应得到铁,说明它具有______; ( (4)木炭在空气中燃烧,并放出热量,说明它具有______。 14(在上述木炭的性质中,属于物理性质的是______;属于化学性质的是______(填序号)。 15(在氧气、氢气、氮气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、甲烷六种物质中:(用化学式表示) (1) 混有空气后点火能爆炸的是______ (2) 天然气和沼气的主要成分是______ (3) 有剧毒的是______ (4) 能用于发射宇宙火箭的是______ (5) 空气中含量最多的气体是______ (6) 能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊的是______ (7) 能使带余烬的木条复燃的是______ (8) 属于有机物的是______ (9) 能使灼热的氧化铜还原成铜的是______ 16(为鉴别空气、氮气、氧气、氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳六种气体,进行如下实验,判断A、B、C、D、E、F分别为何种气体,并写出有关化学方程式。 (1)各物质的化学式分别为: A______; B______; C______; D______; E______; F______。 d fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to findwide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-aissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, townreconneveral days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th tory of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for smorale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the hisDeputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, arly transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, eEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som apanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso refuge in JemotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a18Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-talion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xint batin the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independeeportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe g from the distance, rlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low (2)有关化学方程式分别为: ?___________________ ?___________________ ?___________________ 三、化学反应基本类型 17(写出下列化学反应方程式,注明反应类型: 铁在氧气中燃烧 用过氧化氢制氧气 铁和稀盐酸反应 铁和硫酸铜溶液反应 氧化铁和稀盐酸反应 盐酸和氢氧化铁反应 四、简答题 18(为了测定蜡烛中碳、氢两种元素的质量比, 某化学兴趣小组设计了如右图所示的实验。实 验步骤如下:先分别称量蜡烛、装置?、装置 ?的质量。按图示连接好仪器装置,点燃蜡烛, 同时从a导管口抽气。一段时间后熄灭蜡烛, 再分别称量蜡烛、装置?、装置?的质量。实 验数据如右表。 (1)该实验中测得水的质量为 g,二氧化 碳的质量为 g。 (2)由该实验数据计算,蜡烛中碳、氢元素的质量之比为 。 (3)装置?和装置?的顺序能否颠倒? 蜡烛 装置? 装置? (填“能”或“不能”)。 反应前的质量15.8 182.3 212.2 (4)理论上,装置?和装置?增加的总质量 /g 大于蜡烛失去的质量,其原因是 反应后的质量14.4 184.1 216.6 /g 。 (5)该实验能否准确测出蜡烛燃烧生成二氧化碳和水的质量? (填“能”或“不能”), 理由是 。 rd to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing lowd fled to the countryside in the town. Also hawide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and ol-6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, towntown. town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, rely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. e believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, suEve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, som efuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targetslso remotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun a19Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of-endent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xiindep re severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustratedistance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is mog from the dlevel flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire comin-
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