宾语从句,被动语态,定语从句

宾语从句 一 宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：   He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.   I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。      Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：   I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 4 whether/ if 之异同： (1) 强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有or not时。 (2) 在介词之后  如： I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. (3) 在不定式前    如：Whether to go or stay is still a question. 二 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：   I think (that) you will like this school soon. 三 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。 如：    Can you tell me how you got to school yesterday? Do you think he will come tomorrow? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He told me that he was having lunch.   He asked if I knew him. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：   Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 宾语从句 （  ）1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________? A. where you buy it    B. where do you buy it  C. where you bought it  D. where did you buy it （  ）2.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week? --Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure. A. how much she paid for    B. how much will she pay for  C. how much did she pay for （  ）3. --Excuse me, could you tell me ________? --Certainly. Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left. A. where the post office is    B. when you will visit the museum C. where is the post office    D. when will you visit the museum （  ）4. —Do you know ________the girl in red is ? —I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher. A.when            B.how            C.where            D.what （  ）5. --Would you please tell me __________? --At 10:00 this evening. A. when will the train leave  B. when the train will leave      C. when does the train leave （）6. --Do you think ____ a concert in our school hall this weekend?--Yes, there will. A. there will have    B. there will be    C. will there be    D. will there have （  ）7. I don’t know if my uncle ____. If he ____, I will be very happy. A. comes; will come  B. will come; will come  C. comes; comes  D. will come; comes （）8. Sue told me that she ___ shopping with her sister the next day. A. will go        B. would go        C. goes        D. has gone （  ）9. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________. A. how much it cost  B. how much did it cost  C. how much it costs  D. how much does it cost （  ）10. I want to know_________. A. what is his name B. what’s his name    C. that his name is D. what his name is （  ）11. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam? A. that      B. whether      C. what      D. which （  ）12. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home      B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home        D. when his son came home （  ）13. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend  B. how he mends    C. how he mended  D. how did he mend 【2012江苏宿迁】14. Can you tell me      in the future?   A. how life will be like  B. how will life be likeC. what life will be like  D. what will life be like 【2012江苏徐州】15. — Tom, please tell me      .  —In Sunshine Second School. A. where will the match take place    B. where the match will take please   C. Many hands make light work    D. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket 【2013苏州】16．一Philip has gone to New Zealand．    一Oh，can you tell me________?   A．when did he leave  when he is leavingC．when he left  D．when is he leaving 【2013江苏无锡】17. — Has Wendy handed in her application form? — Not sure. She told me that she wanted to check again and         it in soon. A. will hand        B. would hand        C. has handed        D. had handed 【2013连云港】18.----Do you know ______this afternoon? ---I’m not sure, but I’ll tell you as soon as she ______. A. how will Betty arrive; starts          B. how Betty will arrive; will start C. what time will Betty arrive; will start    D. what time Betty will arrive; starts 被动语态 一、构成形式 1. am/is/are +过去分词        一般现在时        2）was/were+ 过去分词      一般过去时 3）shall/will be+过去分词      一般将来时        4）情态动词＋be＋过去分词 5)has /have been ＋过去分词    现在完成时 二、常用by表示动作的执行者      The bike was repaired by him. 三、有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时， give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb.    buy sb. Sth = buy sth. for sb. 　(1)　His mother gave him a present. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother. A present was given to his mother by him. 四 make, get see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 　五、It is said that… 据说, It is reported that…据报道， 　六、不用被动。      happen, take place,sell well    连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel　 七、主动形式表被动意义        need， require, worth 例 1.The house needs repairing/to be repaired．这房子需要修理。 2.The picture-book is well worth reading． （＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．） 1．Football                （play） all over the world。 2．Many trees                 （plant） in North China. 3.The house                 （build） in 1978. 4. All the students _____  (ask) to bring kites with them last Sunday 7 stars can’t           （see） in the day-time by us 8 Must the old people  ____________ (speak) to politely? 9. The bridge                   (finish) next month. 10. The CD-ROMs             (sell) already. (  )1 The apple___very sweet.              A. is tasted    B. taste  C. tastes    D. are tasting (  )2.How dirty the tables are! They need___.    A. to clean  B. clean  C. cleaning  D. cleaned (  ) 3 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.   A. took place    B. have taken place    C. were taking place    D. had taken place (  ) 4 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years. A. have happened    B. happened    C. have been happened    D. were happened (  )5 The teacher made him___ his homework.    A. to do    B. do    C. did  D. done (  ) 6 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.   A. was made to clean  B. made clean  C. made to clean  D. was made clean 【2011·南京】10. It’s reported that Nanjing South Railway Station  _______ at the end of this month. A. has been completed  B. is completed C. was completed    D. will be completed 【2011江苏徐州】11. When will the birthday party _______, on Monday evening or Tuesday evening? A. hold      B. be held      C. held      D. be holding 【2012江苏淮安】8.Alice     some advice on how to improve her listening skills, and she gladly accepted Miss Green’s. A. gave        B. was given    C. gives        D. is given 【2012江苏宿迁】12. —What do you think of my shirt? It      cotton. —It looks nice on you. A. is made in    B. is made for  C. is made of  D. is made by 【2012江苏徐州】12. The room      every day. You can live in now.   A. cleans    B. is cleaning    C. is cleaned  D. has cleaned 【2012江苏盐城】14. In the past few years, thousands of films       all over the world. A. have produced    B. have been produced C. are producing    D. are being produced 定语从句 一、定语从句  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句 关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why 三、定语从句的分类    定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.  2.which用于指物,         The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 3.who,用于指人,        The girl who often helps me is from England. 五 关系词只能用that的情况: a.序数词或最高级   b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything,  anything, none, the one等不定代词时 c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时 d.同时含有人或物时    1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday. A. that        B. who    C. whom        D. this 2. The man ___ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which    C. who    D. / 3. The only language ___ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which    B. that    C. /    D. it 4. Please show me the book ___ you bought yesterday. A. which    B. whom    C. whose    D. this 5. This is the best book ___ I have been looking for all this year.  A. who    B. whom    C. which      D. / 6. Didn’t you see the man ____I talked with just now？ A. whose    B. whom        C. which      D. / 7. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.   A. who live next door    B. which lives next doorC. whom lives next door    D. that lives next door 8. Those ___ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.   A. which        B. whom        C. that        D. who 9. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _____ were known to us all.   A. which     B. that      C. who    D. what 10. Can you lend me the dictionary ___the other day？   A. that you bought   B. you bought it  C. that you bought it   D. which you bought it 11. Anyone ___with what I said may put up you hands.   A. which agrees   B. who agree C. who agrees   D. which agree