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无线电能传输技术综述(Overview of radio energy transmission technology)

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无线电能传输技术综述(Overview of radio energy transmission technology)无线电能传输技术综述(Overview of radio energy transmission technology) 无线电能传输技术综述(Overview of radio energy transmission technology) 第26卷第4期 VO 26。5号 ................重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版) J重庆科技企业联合会。(NAT) ................2009年10月 2009个月。 ....文章编号:1672 058x(2009)05 - 0...

无线电能传输技术综述(Overview of radio energy transmission technology)
无线电能传输技术综述(Overview of radio energy transmission technology) 无线电能传输技术综述(Overview of radio energy transmission technology) 第26卷第4期 VO 26。5号 ................重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版) J重庆科技企业联合会。(NAT) ................2009年10月 2009个月。 ....文章编号:1672 058x(2009)05 - 0485 - 04 无线电能传输技术综述* 张茂春王进华1,2,2石亚伟 (1。重庆市电力公司万州供电局,重庆万州404000;2。西南大学电子信息工程学院重庆400715) ..收稿日期:2008 - 02 - 21;修回日期:2008 - 04 - 25。 *基金项目:西南大学博士基金(104180 - 20710912)。 ..作者简介:张茂春(1973 -),男,重庆万州人,工程师,从事电力系统的研究。 ....摘..要:叙述了无线电能传输的概念和发展历程,着重对电磁感应式、电磁共振式和电磁辐射式三种无 线电能传输进行了详细分析;电磁感应式传输距离近、效率低且需要补偿;电磁共振式是对感应式的突破, 可以在几米的范围内传输中等,其研究前景较好;电磁辐射式传输距离远,功率较大,但传输较远距离时需 要高效整流天线和高方向性天线,其研制难度较大。 关键词:无线电能传输;电磁感应;磁谐振;微波 ....中图分类号:tm72文献标志码:一 ....所谓无线电能传输[ 1 ](W愤怒LSS电力输电......WPT)就是借助于电磁场或电磁波进行能量传递 的一种技术。无线输电分为:电磁感应式、电磁共振式和电磁辐射式。电磁感应可用于低功率、近距离传 输;电磁共振适于中等功率、中等距离传输;电磁辐射则可用于大功率、远距离传输近年来,一些便携式电。 器如笔记本电脑、手机、音乐播放器等移动设备都需要电池和充电。电源电线频繁地拔插,既不安全,也容 易磨损。一些充电器、电线、插座标准也并不完全统一,这样即造成了浪费,也形成了对环境的污染。而在 特殊场合下,譬如矿井和石油开采中,传统输电方式在安全上存在隐 患。孤立的岛屿、工作于山头的基站, 很困难采用架设电线的传统配电方式。在上述情形下,无线输电便愈发显得重要和迫切,因而它被美国..技 术评论..杂志评选为未来十大科研方向之一。在无线输电方面,我国的研究才刚刚起步,较欧美落后。在此 旨在阐述当前的技术进展,分析无线输电原理,为我国在无线输电方面的深入研究提供参考。 1 ..无线电能传输技术的发展历程 最早产生无线输能设想的是尼古拉..特斯拉(N伊科拉特斯拉),因而有人称之为无线电能传输之父。1890 年,特斯拉就做了无线电能传输试验特斯拉构想的无线电能传输方法是把地球作为内导体,把地球电离。 层作为外导体,通过放大发射机以径向电磁波振荡模式,在地球与电离层之间建立起大约8h Z的低频共振, 利用环绕地球的表面电磁波来传输能量最终因财力不足,特斯拉的大胆构想没能实现[ 1, 2 ]。 其后,古博(Goubau)、施瓦固(Sohw e ing)等人从理论上推算了自由空间波束导波可达到近100%的传输 效率,并随后在反射波束导波系统上得到了验证。20世纪20年代中期,日本的H Y AG我和S U大发明了可 用于无线电能传输的定向天线,又称为八木-宇田天线。20世纪60 年代初期雷声公司(Ray theon)的布朗 (W. C. Brow)做了大量的无线电能传输研究工作,从而奠定了无线 电能传输的实验基础,使这一概念变成 了现实[ 3 ]。在实验中设计了一种效率高、结构简单的半波电偶极 子半导体二极管整流天线,将频率2。四十五 GHz的的微波能量转换为了直流电。1977年在实验中使用g AA的PT 肖特基势垒二极管,用铝条构造半波电 偶极子和传输线,输入微波的功率为8W,获得了90。6%的微波...... 直流电整流效率。后来改用印刷薄膜, 在频率2。45 GH z时效率达到了85%。 自从棕色实验获得成功以后, People began to be interested in radio energy transmission technology. In 1975, at NASA's support Next, the 5 a program for radio powered ground experiments began [4]]. The jet engine lab and the Lew is research center have 30 kW microwave radio Deliver 1.6 km, microwave.. DC conversion efficiency up to 83%. In 1991, Washington ARCO Power Technologies Inc used a frequency of 35 GH Z mm The conversion efficiency of the wave and rectifier antennas is 72%. In 1998, the conversion efficiency of 5.8 GH Z printed dipole array was 82%. Much research has also been done on radio transmission in the former Soviet union. Moscow State University and microwave company, developed a series of wireless Electrical energy transmission devices, including key devices for radio energy transmission. Fast cyclotron beam wave microwave rectifiers [5]. Radio transmissions have developed more rapidly in recent years. W, ildcharge, Powercast, SplashPow, er, University of Tokyo, have developed non connected Touch charger. M IT announced in June 2007 that it successfully lit a 60W light bulb about 2m from the power source using electromagnetic resonance The term technique is called W iTric ity. The team used two copper coil diameters of 50 cm in the experiment to adjust the launch frequency to two The coils resonate at the 10MH Z, thus successfully lighting a 60W bulb outside the power transmitter's 2 m. The principle of 2.. Radio energy transmission Figure 1.. Loose transformer, former coil separation 2. 1.. Loosely coupled, contactless wireless power transmission based on transformer The contactless electrical energy transmission system utilizes loosely coupled induction systems and power electronics The technique combines the physical connection and the transmission of the electric energy. It will tie The whole transformer is closely coupled, the magnetic circuit is separated, and the primary and secondary windings are respectively wound with the transformer Unlike magnetic structures, energy transmission between the power and load units is achieved Pass without physical connection [6]. The primary side and the two side are electromagnetically induced To realize the transmission of electric energy, the reduction of coupling coefficient caused by air gap is improved by the primary side The frequency of the input power is compensated. Both theory and experience show that the higher the frequency and amplitude of the primary side, the smaller the distance between the original and the secondary sides, and the relative of the medium around the core as compared with the air The higher the permeability is, the higher the transmission efficiency of the separable transformer is. But the actual application, when the Central Plains edge distance can not be infinitely small, must be the former vice president The corresponding radio compensation measures are adopted, and the radio transmission efficiency is low. 2. 2.. Wireless power transmission based on electromagnetic radiation For radio energy transmission, the efficiency of energy transfer is the most important. Therefore, lasers with strong directionality and energy concentration have similar properties The microwave beam is worth considering. But the laser beam is easy to be scattered by air and dust in space transmission, and the nonlinear effect is obvious and output Therefore, microwave energy transfer is the first choice. Microwave energy delivery is the directional emission of microwave focusing, at the receiving end through the rectifier antenna (rect..) (enna) converting the received microwave energy into direct current energy. (1) Brown's microwave transmission system. In the 60s of last century, W, illiam, C., Brow, n demonstrated the microwave transmission power to the world [7, 8] Figure 2.. Microwave transmission of electrical energy As shown in figure 2. The microwave transmission system consists of 3 parts: microwave source, transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. A magnetron is used in the microwave source to control the source The 2.45 GH Z frequency band outputs the power of 5~ 200W; the output energy of the microwave source is connected to the adapter between the waveguide and the coaxial tube through the coaxial cable; The circulator of the ferrite is connected to the waveguide to make the waveguide and the transmitting antenna phase Matching. The transmitting antenna consists of 8 parts, each of which has 8 slits Gap. These 64 slits emit electromagnetic waves evenly. This open wave The guide antenna is well suited for radio energy transmission because it has as high as 95% holes Path efficiency and high energy capture capability. Silicon controlled rectifier diode antenna To collect microwaves and convert them into direct current, in the system shown by Brown The receiving antenna has a 25% collection and conversion efficiency, and this antenna is at 2.45 GHz tests have reached or even exceeded 90% efficiency. Transmission distance ratio Further, it is very difficult to enhance the directivity and efficiency of the antenna. (2) transmission efficiency of microwave energy transmission. If D stands for microwaves in free space 486 Journal of Industrial and Commercial University Of Chongqing (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION) twenty-sixth volumes Figure 3.. The relationship between free space microwave transmission efficiency and... The distances between At and Ar represent the area of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively, If the wavelength of work is expressed, the transmission efficiency of microwave in free space is the parameter Function. =. At ..2 Ar . Two D . - 1, figure 3 indicates the connection between them It is assumed that the aperture field distribution of the transmitting antenna is Gauss type. From the curve we can reach the conclusion that the transmission efficiency and transmission distance are not the same Have direct contact, but by At . Ar D Decision。 The effect of increasing distance D Can be compensated by an increase in At, Ar, or a decrease in.. Total efficiency of microwave energy transfer, etc. In DC to microwave, microwave transmission and receive rectifier three parts of the efficiency of the product. Table 1 The total efficiency of microwave energy transmission is given. As can be seen in Table 1, the current microwave The efficiency of the transmission is not high, but it still has great potential. Table 1.. Total efficiency of microwave energy transmission and efficiency of each part% Current value, improvement value, expected value The efficiency of the microwave generator is 76.78590 The transmission efficiency between generator and receiving antenna caliber is 949495 Receive rectification efficiency 647590 Total efficiency 456077 2. 3.. Wireless power transmission based on strong coupling magnetic resonance Although radiation transmission is well suited for transmitting information, it is difficult to apply it to power transmission: if the radiation is complete Directional, the electrical energy transmission efficiency will be very low; if it is directional radiation, but also requires uninterrupted visual orientation and very complex tracking The equipment, and the magnetic resonance, is not so complicated. (1) model description of self resonating coils. The A is a single turn copper ring with a radius of 25 cm. It is part of the excitation circuit. The output frequency is 9. 9MHz sine wave. The S and D are self resonating coils. The B is a single turn wire ring connected to the load (bulb). Different K stands for arrows Direct coupling between objects. Adjust the angle between the coil D and A to ensure that the direct coupling between them is equal to zero. Coils S and D coaxial Arrangement. The direct coupling of coils B and A, and B and S, is negligible. Fig. 4.. Model of magnetic resonance system (2) power transmission efficiency under strong coupling magnetic resonance. stay In a coupled resonant system (such as sound, electromagnetic, magnetic, nuclear, etc.) Will produce.. strong coupling.. running status. Given a given system In this state, the exchange of energy between the resonant bodies can be expected Achieve high efficiency. If you do not consider the structure of the surrounding space, And the loss in the interference loss and dissipation in the surrounding environment is very high Low and medium distance energy transmission can be achieved in a near all direction state with high efficiency. Strongly coupled magnetic resonance systems can be described by the coupled mode theory. When the transmitter and receiver are resonant, the power is optimum, and the efficiency at this time.. Can be represented as [1-, 3]: =. ..W ..D K Two ... s,..D 1 + ..W ..D ..W ..D K Two ... s,..D + 1 + ..W ..D 2 (1) In formula (1), the S and..D respectively represent the attenuation rate of the source and the driven device (loss of radiation and absorbed energy);..W is the attachment of the no-load device Phase fifth Zhang Maochun et al. Radio energy transfer technology overview 487 The coupling coefficient between the transmitter and receiver. By type (1) visible when ..W ..D = 1 + k Two / (S,..D), which has the maximum value, and The key to efficient energy transfer is k Two / (..S... D) > 1. This involves strong coupling States, and magnetic resonance plays an important role in this device Role. M IT's paper data show that the magnetic resonance transmission efficiency at 2 m distance is only 40%. 3.. Conclusion The gap between China's eastern and western economic development is expanding day by day, and the imbalance of resources distribution is becoming increasingly prominent. Some outlying mountain areas, pastoral areas, and plateaus, The island is sparsely populated, sparsely populated, inaccessible and economically backward. It lacks regular energy and is far from the big grid, which seriously affects the local economy Exhibition. In this case, the microwave energy transmission technology can solve the dead corner of the power grid. Transmission project is concerned with efficiency and economy. radio The efficiency of the transmission depends on the efficiency of the microwave source, the efficiency of the transmit / receive antenna, and the efficiency of the microwave rectifier The comparison of the price of microwave components with frequency bands and the price of equipment used in the wired transmission system is also related to the parameters of the specific transmission network. In addition to concerns about economy and efficiency, it is necessary to study the possible effects of high power microwaves on the environment and health The following aspects: (1) the transmission microwave energy density can not cause obvious disturbance to the ionosphere; (2) must guarantee not to interfere with daily communications; (3) ground rectification The receiving station can not produce harmful effects on aircraft, other vehicles and surrounding organisms (such as birds, residents, etc.). Reference: [1], N, IKOLA, T. ISS离子传输电能W ithoutw IRES [J].。E用于ICA LW或LD和Eng ineer。1904(5): 566的572。 [ 2 ] n伊科拉t.world系统无线传输能量的研究[J].。电报和TE腿拉斐尔时代,1927, 10(16): 1515的1510。 [ 3 ] n伊科拉T.真线少[J].。E用于ica l经验我树人,1919(5):56的59。 [ 4 ]该J K线少,传输的电性,发展与坡前后性[M].。国际研讨会的第九N IKO .. La特斯拉,2006/10 / 18 [ 5 ]果酱ES O M cspadden。W愤怒少排放onstra等ransm战俘ERT DEM [Z]。德克萨斯,1997 [ 6 ]崔明浩,沈祥,卓放,王兆安。非接触感应电能传输系统中可分离变压器磁场的仿真分析[J].。技术与应用,2008(04): 112的116。 [ 7 ]林为干,赵愉深,文一舸。微波输电,现代化建设的生力军[J].。科技导报,1994(03):31的34。 [ 8 ]王秩雄,胡劲蕾,梁俊,王长华。无线输电技术的应用前景[J].。空军工程大学学报:自然科学版,2003, 4(1):82的85。 对无线输电技术综述 正茂.. 1,王金。华,SHI Ya。2 (1。万州电供电局,W安州E用于IC电力有限公司,ChongqingWanzhou 404000,中国; 2。对电子电路与信息工程学院、西南埃斯顿大学,重庆400715,中国) 摘要:本文评论的概念和发展的Thew愤怒少功率传输(WPT)和全日空.. 分析了三种类型ofwpt,。即电磁感应、电磁共振和电磁辐射的。 信息和细节。E lectromagnet IC感应ionwpt具有短的传输距离和低效率这 需要得到补偿。E lectromagnet IC resonancewpt是更新O F E lectromagnet IC inductionwpt。 它可以提供itmed IUM动力severalmeters地区有较好的发展潜力。L E lectromag .. 从拉德iationwpt可以传播它动力长D istancew与高功率。但它需要有效的矩形化高.. 天线和定向天线高。D,其中D ifficu LT。 关键词:无线电力传输;E lectrom磁感应;磁共振;M icrow大道 责任编辑:代晓红 488重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版)第26卷
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