英语同音词的成因
英语的词汇比汉语大得多,而英语中的同音词要比汉语少得多,这是一个值得研究的课
题
快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
。本文想仅就造成同音词的原因做一下抛砖引玉式的分析,以期引起人们对这一―被遗忘的角落‖的关注。
一、专有名词与普通单词发音相同。
这些专有名词在汉语中有相应的音译
词语,已经为国人所熟悉,学起来读易好记,轻松有趣。写在横线前面的系专有名词,后面的为普通单词。
Korea—career, Gaul(高卢人)—gall, Chile—chilli—chili–chilly, Greece—grease, Dane—deign, Finnish—finish, Bonn—bonne, Bern—burn, Cannes—can, Nice—niece, Seoul—soul—sole, Rome—roam, Bali—barley, Wales—whales—wails, Gana—garner, Kashmir—cashmere, Latin—lattin, Hyde—hide—hied, Maine—main—mane, Venus—venous,
Klan—clan, Martin—marten, Oder—oder, Seine—sane—sain, Kant—cant
二、缩略词与普通名词发音相同。
I‘d—eyed, I‘ll—isle—aisle,
aren‘t—ant—aunt, he‘ll—heel—heal,
we‘ll—wheel—wheal—weal, we‘re—weir, we‘d—weed, where‘s—wares, he‘d—heed, Miss.—miss, AIDS—aids
三、名词的复数形式或动词的单数第三人称与普通单词发音相同。
Locks—lox, laps—lapse, nays—neighs—naze, haves—hose, ewes—use, brows—browse, corps—cause, cocks—cox, days—daze, claws—clause, flecks, mews—muse, paws—pause, rays—raise—rase –raze, rows—rouse, tacks—tax, ova—over, feet—feat, wacks—wax, arms—alms
四、动词的过去式或过去分词与普通单词发音相同。
这些动词的过去式有:
Blew—blue, flew—flu, gilt—guilt, knew—new, saw—sore—soar, threw—through, wore—war, wrote—rote, rode—road, were—whir.
这些动词的过去分词有:
Seen—scene, grown—groan, done—dun, thrown—throne, been—bean, born—borne—bourn, sought—sort, caught—court, taught—taut, heard—herd, won—one, sent—cent—scent, led—lead, fought—fort—forte.
五、前缀与普通单词发音相同。
Anti—vs. ante, bi—vs. by—bye—buy, vice—vs. vise
六、因相邻字母重复与其它单词发音相同。
有些是因为词尾的两个字母重复造成的同音词,如
add—ad, butt—but, bee—be, boss—bos, canvass—canvas, inn—in, nill—nil, wee—we, too—to, frizz—friz, redd—red, mandrill—mandril
有些是因为单词中间的两个字母重复造成的同音词,如
dessert—desert, cannon—canon, femme—feme
七、“ r ” 音节造成的同音词。
重读― r ‖ 音节造成的同音词。
Birth—berth, curn—kern—kirn, curb—kerb, firn—fern, surf—serf, surge—serge, mar—ma, spar—spa, farther—father, hart—heart, worn—warn, forth—fourth, for—fore—four—faugh .
非重读― r ‖ 音节造成的同音词。
alter—altar, seller—cellar, lumber—lumbar, manor—manner, razor—razer, minor--miner, prior—prier,
sensor--censor , fakir—faker, sucker—succor, rumor—roomer, hanger—hangar, calendar—calender , trooper--trouper, meter—meter , steeler—stealer, waver—waiver,
leaver—lever, weever—weaver.
八、因不同的字母组合发音相同而构成的同音词。
1.当字母组合—ea—, —ee—, —ie—读
作[ i :]时:
beat—beet, beach—beech, cheap—cheep, lea—lee, creak—creek, leak—leek, leach—leech, pea—pee, peal—peel, seam—seem, meat—meet—mete, breach—breech, steal—steel, team—teem, flea—flee, weak—week, sea—see, seal—seel—ceil, weald—wield, leaf—lief, lean—lien, mean—mien
2。当字母组合—a—, —ai—, —ay—, —ea—读作[ei]:
steak—stake, gate—gait, plait—plate, break—brake,, faint—feint
3.当母组合—ear—, —eer— , —ere—, —ier—读作[ i ] 时:
sheer—shear, steer—stere, tear—tier, dear—deer, peer—pier, beer—bier, hear—here
4.当字母组合—air—, —ear—, —ere—读作[ ε ]
pear—pair—pare—pere, tear—tare, fair—fare, mare—mayor, hair—hare, glair—glare, flair—flare
5.当字母组合—ou—,—ow—读作[au]
foul—fowl, praw—prau, flour—flower
6.当字母组合—al—, —au—, —aw—, —or—, —oor—读作[ :] 时:
all—awl, ball—bowl, hall—hawl , mall—maul, flaw—floor, chaw—chore,
paw—pore—pour, lawn—lorn, laud—lord, pawn—porn, raw—roar, stalk—stolk
7.当字母组合o—, —oa—, —ow—读作[ ou ] 时:
melo—mellow, lo—low, hollo—hollow, loan—lone, flow—floe, so—sow—sew, brooch--broach
8.当字母组合—ou—, --oo--, --u-- 读作[ u:] 时:
stoop—stoup—stoep, goop—goup, groom—grume
9.当字母组合—al—、—el—在词尾读作[ l]
principle—principal, dial—diel, bridal—bridle, naval—navel, dual—duel, mutual—mutuel
10.当字母组合—o—, —u—读作[ ∧]时:
son—sun, some—sum, sonny—sunny, none—nun
11.当词尾的—y—和—ie—发[ i ] 时:
talky—talkie, girly—girlie, roomy—roomie,
12.当?y‘ 和?i‘ 在相对应的位置上时:
hyp—hip, gybe—gibe,
13.当字母组合—ay—, —ey—都发[ei ]时,如:
pray—prey
14.当字母?c‘ 在?i, e, y‘ 前读[ s ] , 或?c‘ 在其他情况下读[k ] 时:
ascent—assent, cereal—serial,
practice--practise
字母?c‘读[k ]时更多些:
pic—pick, sic—sick, bloc—block, spec—speck, specs—specks, bank—banc,
torc—talk, yack—yak, scag—skag, scull—skull, cash—cashe, cast—karst, cart—kart, craft—kraft, colonel—kernel
15. —a—, —ar—, —er—在词尾发[ ]
音时:
canna—canner, quota—quoter, tabula—tabular
九、因不发音的字母或字母组合造成的同音词。
1. ―a‖在词尾不发音:
cocoa—coco
2. b‖ 在以―—mb‖ 结尾的词中不发音
climb—clime, lamb—lam, plumb—plum, jamb—jam, coomb—coom, subtle--suttle
3. ― c‖ 不发音:
schort—short, schorl--shawl
4. ― d‖ 不发音:
handsome--hansom
5.―e‖ ― a‖在词尾不发音:
ore—or—oar—awe, grate—great, brake—break, parol—parole, griff—griffe, prose—pro, dyeing—dying, sale—sail, pale—pail, male—mail, lute—loot, pane—pain, base—bass
6.―n‖ 前的―g‖常常为无声字母:
reign—rein, gnaw—nor, sign—sine, feign—fain—fane, gneiss—nice
7.不发音的―h‖ 常常在―w‖, ― t‖, ―c‖, ―a‖, ―g‖之后
while—wile, when—wen, whack—wack, whale—wale—wail, whit—wit, whet—wet, whiz—wiz, wheal—weal--wheel, thyme—time, chord—cord, choral—coral, minah—miner—minor, donah—dona, ghyll—gill
8.―k‖在― n‖前常常不发音:
knot—not, know—no, knit—nit, knight—night—nite, knap—nap, knob--nob, knock—nock, knobble—nobble, knay—nay, knave—nave
9.无声字母―l‖ 多在―n‖, ―m‖前:
halm—harm, holm—home, balm—barm,yolk—yoke
10.以字母组合mn结尾的单词―n‖ 不发音时造成的同音词:
damn—dam, hymn—him, limn—limb
11.声字母―p‖
corps—core—cow, psych—sike
12.无声字母―r‖
iron—ion
13.无声字母―s‖
islet—eyelet, hors—hoar
14.―t‖ 在―ch‖ 前或在词尾不发音时造成的同音词:
retch—reach, letch—lech, witch—which, batch—bach, tchick—chick, trait—tray, mot—mo—mow
15.―w‖在―r‖ , ―h‖前不发音:
write—wright—rite—right, wring—ring, wrick—rick, wrest—rest, wrap—rap, wrack—rack, wreck—reck—rec, wretch—retch, whole—hole, whoop—hoop, wholly—holy
16.―u‖ 在― b‖, ―g‖后不发音
buy—by—bye, buoy—boy, buyer—byre, guilt—gilt, guild—gild, guerilla—gorilla, guelder—gelder
17. ―q‖ 后面的―ue‘ 不发音
clique—cleek, casque—cask, masque
–mask, coque—cock, pique—peak—peek—peke
18.字母组合―gh‖不发音
eight—ate, might—mite, sight—site—cite, sought—sort, straight—strait,bought—bort, slight—sleight, through—threw, bough—bow, sleigh—slay, weigh—way—whey, aweigh—away, high—hi—hie, weight—wait
十、英语单词与外来词同音
在快速走向国际化的进程中,英语对其他民族的语言慷慨―拿来‖。有些外来词恰好与某个英语词汇发音相同。
1.诺曼底人统治英伦长达百年,不少法语单词直接参与了英语的交流。每组词汇中前为法语:
franc—franck, clou—clew—clue, grippe—grip, parti—party, petit—petty,
aide—aid, salle—sal, eau—owe, timbre—timber, revue—review, remarque—remark, revers—revere
2. 二战后,美国在经济、军事上―高悬霸主鞭‖,作为―上层建筑‖的语言文化美语呈现出后来居上、咄咄逼人的态势。(前为美语)
Baron—barren, gene—gin, kook—cook, doc—dock, pokey—poky, check—cheque
3. 印度曾为英国的殖民地,印度英语是印度化了的英语(前为印度式英语)。
outcaste—outcast, ryot—riot, dak—dark, lakh—lark
1.德语和英语同属印欧语系的西日耳曼语支,同音词的队伍中偶尔可见德语的身影:Heir—hare—hair, Lied--lead
通过对英语单词成因的分析,我们会从崭新的方面增加对语音学的了解,有些字母组合的发音是相同的,有些字母又往往是不发音的,一种发音有时对应多个单词,这样,
你听英语时就该特别注意了;同音单词一起记,会提高你记忆的兴趣.
学习英语尤其是练习听力网友最头疼的莫过于碰到同音词了,英语中把这样的词称为Homonym
right-write
meet-meat
hole-whole
right-write
meet-meat
hole-whole
pear-pair
flower-flour
threw-through
die –dye 染色
pail 桶-pale 苍白
father-farther
peace-piece
for-four
plane-plain
hair-hare 野兔
fair n. 交易会a. 公平合理的
fare n. 车船费vi. 进展; 过活coarse a. 粗糙的; 粗鲁的; 粗俗的
course n. 路线; 课程
council n. 委员会; 理事会
counsel n. 商议; 劝告v. 建议; 劝告stationary a. 固定的; 静止的stationery n. 文具
desert v. 丢开; 遗弃; 开小差dessert n. 餐后甜点
weather n. 天气; 气象;
whether conj. 是否;
lightning n. 闪电
lightening n. 轻松; 减轻; 发亮
complement n. 补充物; 使完备之物compliment n. 恭维; 问候
eight - number between 7 and 9, 八ate - past tense of eat, 吃的过去式
bear - a big, hairy animal
bear - to be able to withstand something
bare - exposed
bred - past tense of breed 繁殖的过去式bread - a type of food 面包
be - is 主动词be
bee - an insect 蜜蜂
caught - past tense of catch 抓的过去式
cot - a portable bed that folds for storage 轻便小床
fan - a device for moving air 风扇
fan - short for fanatic 狂热,爱好者
groan - noise made in misery 呻吟grown - fully mature 长大的
hart- 雄鹿
heart - energetic or enthusiastic 心脏
herd - a group of animals 牧群
heard - past tense of hear 听的过去式I - me, myself 我
eye - body part we see with 眼睛
flower-flour
pear-pair
made - past tense of make 做的过去式
maid - a lady that cleans home or hotels for a living 女佣
no - opposite of yes 不
know - be aware of something 知道
idle 空闲的,游手好闲
idol 偶像
roes - plural of roe = an argument 雌鹿的过去式
rows - plural of row = a row (line, queue) of vegetables planted in a farmer's field, a row of seats in a theatre 行,排
rows - present tense of row, as in rowing a boat (propelling a boat
through the water with a paddle) 划船的现在式
rose - a beautiful flower that grows on a thorny stem 玫瑰
rules
wring - twist 绞,扭
ring - noise a bell makes 敲钟,打电话
scent - smell 气味
sent - past tense of send 邮寄的过去式
see - to view something
sea - large body of salt water
threw - past tense of throw
through - finished or completed, also, to give direction (Go through the tunnel)
tail - cats and dogs have them 尾巴
tale - a story
故事
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there
they're
their
week - 7 days
weak - not strong
worn - well used 用旧的,疲倦的
warn - to give notice of potential danger 警告
wood - what we get from trees
would - past tense of will
wore - past tense of wear 穿的过去式
war - what we call it when two countries' armies are fighting
principal 校长,负责人,主要的
principle 原则原理
one - a single unit
won - past tense of win
you'll
Yule- 圣诞季节
另外,英语听力中还有一些所谓发音相似的单词,我们通常称其为Sound-like Words ,这样的单词可以说不胜枚举,而且没有人可以将它们统统列出来,因为不同的学习者听到一个单词可能联想出若干相似发音的单词,这里也给大家起个头,然后大家继续补充下去。有一个好的方法,就是大家多做听写练习,如果听到哪个单词自己写的和正确
答案
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不同,就把这两个单词记在自己的小笔记本上,大声的朗读出来,比较它们的不同,经过一定量的训练后相信同学们一定会有很大的提高。
Right-- write-- white
Writing-- riding
Luck-- lock
Isn‘t-- is an-- is in
Emergency brake-- break
Neater-- neither
Have to hear-- have to be here
You bet-- You‘d better
初中英语同音(音近)词
由于字母(组合)等读音规则的存在,英语词汇王国里自然有同音词或音近词现象。“廒”—收藏粮食的仓房,词汇亦如粮食(同音或音近词尤甚),故常给它们创设“廒包”并小心、集中存放,取用起来才方便自如!既然初中英语学习中不可避免地要遭遇到同音(或音近)词,那就趁它们“廒”包相会之机,集中复习、一一相识,以进一步熟悉其音、形、义,加强听力的辨音、口语会话的字正腔圆等能力。
No.1 House:同音词
1.同音属天成,相会纯“天然”
(1)/sn /son—sun
(2)/tu:/too—two—to
(3)/si:/see—sea
(4)/’au/our—hour
(5)//there—their
(6)/w/where—wear
(7)/mi:t/meet—meat
(8)/rait/right—write
(9)/f/four—for
(10)/bai/bye—by—buy
(11)/bi:/be—bee
(12)/ai/I—eye
(13)//are—ah
(14)/hi/here—hear
(15)/wi:k /week—weak
(16)/hai/hi—high
(17)/p/pear—pair
(18)/hul /whole—hole
(19)/’we /weather—whether
(20)/nu /no—know
(21)/di/dear—deer
(22)/’stri /story—stor(e)y
(23)/meil/mail—male(雄性的)
(24)/sti:l/steal—steel(钢材)
(25)/teil/tail—tale(神话、传说)
(26)/h/hair—hare(野兔)
备注:少数英文字母也与单词有“同音缘”,且屡考不鲜(尤其智力测题)。
(1)/bi:/Bb—be—bee
(2)/si:/Cc—see—sea
(3)/ai/Ii—I—eye
(4)/u/Oo—oh
(5)/pi:/Pp—pea
(6)/kju:/Qq—queue
(7)//Rr—are—ah
(8)/ti:/Tt—tea
(9)/ju:/Uu—you
(10)/wai/Yy—why
2.音同乃巧合,相聚由“人设”
(1)/nt/aren’t—aunt
(2)/red/red—read(read的过去式、过去分词)
(3)/eit/eight—ate
(4)/z/theirs—there’s
(5)/’f/father—farther
(6)/wn /one—won
(7)/ru:/through—threw
(8)/w/wore—war(战争)
(9)/wud /would—wood
(10)/nju:/new—knew
(11)/blu:/blue—blew
(12)/hu:z /whose—who’s
(13)/nuz/knows—nose
(14)/its/its—it’s
(15)/pst/past—passed
(16)/rud/road—rode
(17)/’auz/ours—hours
(18)/’klk/o’clock—a clock
备注:a.下列几组词,音、形恰似“克隆”,却惟意异。
(1)/li:vz /leaves(leave的现在单数第三人称形式)—leaves(leaf的复数形式) (2)/faund/found(find的过去式、过去分词)—found(建立、成立)
(3)/left/left(leave的过去式、过去分词)—left(左、左边的)
(4)/ruz /rose(rise的过去式)—rose
(玫瑰花)
(5)/’kli:n/cleaner(clean的比较等级)—cleaner(清洁工)
(6)/lei/lay(lie的过去式)—lay(产蛋、下蛋)
(7)/’seknd/second(two的序数词)—second(秒)
(8)/t/shot(shoot的过去式、过去分词)—shot(投篮、尝试)
b.以下同音词“因工作需要”,仅因首字母大小写不同,意思而迥异
(1)/’tain/China—china
(2)/dp’n/Japan—japan
(3)/gri:n/Green—green
(4)/ri:d /Read—read
(5)/blk/Black—black
(6)/wait/White—white
(7)/mis/Miss—miss
(8)/ruz/Rose—rose
(9)/hil/Hill—hill
(10)/braun/Brown—brown
(11)/mei/May—may
(12)/ki/King—king
(13)/bil/Bill—bill
(14)/smail/Smile—smile
(15)/m/More—more
(16)/’litl/Little—little
(17)/west/West—west
(18)/bel/Bell—bell
No.2 House:音近词
(1)age/eid/—edge /ed/
(2)agree /’gri:/—angry /gri/
(3)bird /bd/—boat /but/
(4)back/bk/—bike/baik/
(5)bag/bg/—beg /beg/
(6)bad/bd/—bed /bed/
(7)below /bi’lu/—blow(s)/blu(z) /—blouse /blauz/
(8)burn /bn/—born /bn/
(9)capital /’kpitl/—captain /’kptin /
(10)sheep /i:p/—ship /ip/
(11)code /kud/—cold /kuld /
(12)dad/dd/—dead /ded/
(13)dark /dk/—duck /dk/
(14)door /d/—doll /dl/
(15)down /daun/—done /dn/
(16)eat/i:t/—it/it/—eight /eit /
(17)fall /fl/—four /f/
(18)full /ful/—fool /fu:l/
(19)food /fu:d/—foot /fut/
(20)go/gu/—goal/gul/—girl /gl/
(21)grade /greid/—great /greit/
(22)hair /h/—here /hi/
(23)hard /hd/—heart /ht/
(24)horse /hs/—house /haus/
(25)much /mt/—March /mt/
(26)month /mn/—mouth /mau/
(27)Kate/keit/—kite /kait/—cat/kt /
(28)knife/naif /—life /laif/—laugh /lf/
(29)land/lnd/—lend/lend/
(30)leaf/li:f/—leave/li:v/
(31)listen/’lisn/—lesson(s)/’lesn (z)/—licence/’laisns/
(32)little /’litl/—litter /’lit/
(33)many/’meni/—merry /’meri/—Mary /’mri/
(34)night/nait/—light/lait/—late / leit/
(35)pass /ps/—path /p/
(36)paper /’peip/—pepper /’pep/
(37)parent /’prnt/—present/’preznt /
(38)pan/pn/—pen /pen/
(39)people /’pi:pl/—pupil /’pju:pl /
(40)pool/pu:l/—pull /pul/—poor/ pu/
(41)rain /rein/—rail/reil/
(42)reach /ri:t/—rich /rit/
(43)red /red /—ride /raid /—write /rait/
(44)row /ru/—no(know)/nu/—low /lu/
(45)seat /si:t/—sit /sit /—city / siti/
(46)same /seim /—some /sm/—Sam/sm/
(47)skirt /skt/—shirt /t/—short/t /
(48)slow /slu/—throw /ru/—snow /snu/
(49)straight /streit/—street /stri:t/—strict/strikt/
(50)ten /ten/—turn /tn/—term/tm /
(51)thick /ik/—think /ik/—sink/ sik/
(52)thing /i/—sing /si/—thin /in /
(53)thirteen /’ti:n/—thirty /’ti/—thirsty /’sti/
(54)want /wnt/—went /went/
(55)walk /wk/—work /wk/
(56)week(weak)/wi:k/—wake /weik /
(57)what /wt/—water /’w:t/
(58)won’t /wunt /—weren’t /wnt
/
(59)words /wdz/—worlds /wldz /—worse /ws/
(60)quiet /kwait/—quite /kwait/
(61)rice /rais/—rise /raiz/—rides/ raidz /
(62)sides /saidz /—size /saiz /—says/sez/
六级听力常考同音词:
all together——altogether heal——heel
band——banned hour——our
bare——bear heroin——eroine
brake——break past——passed
bread——bred peace——piece
ceiling——sealing rose——rows
cent——sent sail——sale
cell——sell sauce——source
cheek——cheque steal——steel
compliment——complement story——storey
dying——dyeing site——sight
fare——fair threw——though
find——fair tire——yre
fles——flr vain——vein
floor——flaw way——weigh
flower——flour wait——weight
fourth——forth wood——would hair——hare
六级听力常考近音词:
appeal——a pill odd——awed avoid——award pass——path border——board presence——presents bald——bored pull——pool council——cancel poor——pour cut——cart stock——stalk foam——form sleep——steep full——fool sympathetic——systematic
hut——heart loose——lose