大学英语四级阅读理解练习题

大学英语四级阅读理解练习题 阅读理解 It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies. Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting. Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’ One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said. 1. What is the most important factor in their doing business? [A] Mysticism. [B] Religion. [C] Meditation. [D] Investment. 2. Whom do they consult? [A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings. [B] Wali Ullah. [C] Old Kings. [D] Carnegie. 3. Why did Hadisike hasten to add "his companies also hold modern personnel management systems„? [A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected. [B] To show they too focused on qualifications. [C] To show they hired qualified persons. [D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion. 4. According to the passage, the function of the meditation is______. [A] to gain profit from the god. [B] to gain peace of mind to make decision. [C] to gain foreknowledge. [D] to gain objective conclusion. 5. What does "operating with normal business procedures" refer to? [A] Adopting the western way of doing business. [B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting. [C] Contact with God. [D] Putting right persons in the right jobs. Vocabulary 1. file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去 2. Jakarta 雅加达 3. meditate 沉思，冥想，反省 4. Java 爪哇 5. Javanese 爪哇的 6. mysticism 神秘主义 7. boost 促进，增加，提高 8. devout 虔诚的，热诚的 9. appeal (to) 向„„呼吁，求助于，魅力 10. legend 传说，神话 11. fasting 禁食，斋戒 12. hold onto 抓紧，保住 13. personnel management system 人事 管理制度 档案管理制度下载食品安全管理制度下载三类维修管理制度下载财务管理制度免费下载安全设施管理制度下载 14. perspective investment 远景投资 15. venture (商业)投机，风险 16. sharpen 使„„敏锐/尖锐，磨尖 17. business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑 18. turn around (生意)好转，转变 19. subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的 20. cybernetics 控制论 21. Carnegie 卡耐基 22. tap 开拓，选择 1. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. 【参考译文】在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方 面，商业也不例外。 2. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. 【参考译文】这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接 近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。 他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。 3. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. 【参考译文】恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策 具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人 唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。) 4. Search for the inner self. 【参考译文】探索内心的自我。 5. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation. 【参考译文】类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的 办法 鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载企业年金办法下载企业年金办法下载 ，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。 写作 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 与文章大意 这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方 式――不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。 第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。 1. C 沉思。这在第一断已有说明。 A. 神秘主义。是个总的概念，笼罩生活各方面。而不是具体的做法和重要因素。 B. 宗教。 D. 投资。 2. A 爪哇古代帝王之精灵。答案在第一段。 B. Wali Ullah是指印度穆斯林商人。这些虔诚的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成为接近主的人。传说神话也把先知的力量归功于Wali Ullah。C. 老帝王。D. 卡耐基，1835-1919是生于苏格兰的美国钢铁工业家和慈善家。他有一套管理企业的办法，称为卡耐基思想(管理法)。 3. B 他们也重视资历、才能。这在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko讲话清楚说明“如果我们要雇佣管理人员，我们就一起沉思，常常会有这种信息来临:这个人不能管理钱财或者他不可靠。也可能神灵告诉我们应当雇佣他。接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件 仍是正式资历”。 A. 他认为神秘主义不像想象中那么好。C. 表明他们雇佣人才。上下文说明，他所以补充是说明他们也重视资格。D. 表明科学管理和宗教结合的可能性。Hadisike语中没有这种意思。但不能说他们雇佣人才不管宗教。 4. B 得到冷静头脑来决策。这在第三段后半部分讲到。“远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。沉思和过去领袖的接触会是你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者说每星期的沉思会主要目标是带来一个平静的头脑，作出好决策。” A. 从上帝那里得到利润。 C. 取得先知。不对，先知的能力归于Wali Ullah。D. 得到客观的结论。文内只提到，头脑放松容易客观地判断投资风险与否，并不是客观的结论。 5. B 没有沉思和斋戒的常规作生意。见第三段中，神秘的沉思帮助扭转公司生意滑坡而正常买卖步骤，这一年就损失了300万美元。这两句对比的话说明B项内容。 A. 采用西方买卖方式(交易方式)。文内没有点明正常就是西 方方式。C. 和上帝接触。D. 知人善任。 大学英语四级阅读练习(16) When school was out, I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara and her friends, had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us. Barbara said, “So now you’re in the A class. ” She sounded impressed. “What’s the A class?” I asked. Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds. “Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didn’t you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?” Of course I hadn’t known. 『The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been in North Dakota, and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me.』? The subdividing for the first marking period had been done before I came to the school, and l had never, in the six weeks I’d been there, talked to anyone long enough to find out about the A, B, and C classes. I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends. I didn’t yet know that it was shameful and dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house. I didn’t know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then! ), and that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didn’t occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting here and there like mists or winds, I didn’t know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann’ s land ever to get out of the C class. I didn’t know that school administrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers. I only knew that for two happy days I walked to school with Barbara and her friends, played hopscotch and jumped rope with them at class intervals, and was even invited into the house for some ginger ale—a strange drink I had never tasted before. 1.The tone of this passage as a whole is. A. reflective B.enthusiasticC.impersonal D defensive 2.The narrator had most probably been placed in the C class because . A. she was a poor reader B. she had come from a small school C. the marking system confused her D. all children of transient laborers were placed in the C class 3.The basic reason why the people in the community distrusted the transient workers was that the transient workers. A. tended to be lawbreakers B. had little schooling C. were afraid of strangers D. were temporary residents 4. Which of the following is not characteristic of Gypsies? A. Wandering around the world. B. Make ginger ale in their house. C. Never plant something. D. Had been foreigners wherever they go. 5.Immediately after the narrator was moved to the A class, what was the attitude of Barbara and Barbara’s friends towards her? A. DislikeB. AcceptanceC. Apology D.Jealousy Vocabulary 1.envious adj.嫉妒的 2.giggling n. 傻3.subdivision n. 细分 4.transient adj.短暂的5.mist n. 6.hopscotch n. 跳 房子游戏 大学英语四级阅读练习(15) President Clinton met with leaders of some major U.S. high-tech companies on Thursday to enlist their support in an uphill battle to secure Congress’ blessing for a landmark trade agreement with China. White House spokesman Joe Lockhart said Clinton stopped in to talk to several of the industry’s top executives while they were at the White House for talks with Chief of Staff John Podesta. “The president’s main focus of his comments to the group was the importance of, early this year, getting NTR (normal trade relations) on China worked through,” Lockhart said. Clinton discussed 『“the importance not only to their particular businesses, which is clearly important, but also to the American economy and to the idea that we can continue this prosperity, we can continue this economic expansion,”』? Lockhart said. The industry executives who met with Clinton and Podesta included Cisco Systems (NasdaqNM:CSCO - news) CEO John Chambers; Dell Computer Corp. (NasdaqNM:DELL - news) CEO Michael Dell; Intel Corp. (NasdaqNM:INTC - news) Chairman Andrew Grove; Compaq Computer Corp. (NYSE:CPQ - news) CEO Mike Capella; Hewlett-Packard (NYSE:HWP - news) CEO Carly Fiornia; NCR Corp. (NYSE:NCR - news) CEO Lars Nyberg; and Silicon Graphics Inc. (NYSE:SGI - news) Chairman and CEO Robert Bishop. 『The White House has said Clinton and his cabinet would launch a major campaign to convince Congress to approve permanent NTR status for China, which would clear the way for China to join the World Trade Organization.』? U.S. Commerce Secretary William Daley said on Wednesday it was critical that Congress vote soon on the trade agreement, warning the November election could jeopardize its chance of passage. The trade agreement, hammered out last November after years of negotiation, calls for China to slash tariffs and other barriers in a wide range of markets, from agriculture and automobiles to telecommunications. The agreement is backed by big business and free-trade Republicans, but is under fire from labor union leaders and many of their Democratic allies in Congress, who see more trade with China as a threat to U.S. jobs. In return for China opening its markets, Congress must grant Beijing permanent NTR status and do away with its annual review process. That process has become increasingly controversial with lawmakers often speaking out against China’s human rights record and recently on allegations that China stole U.S. nuclear secrets. A White House official said the high-tech executives also the growing division in discussed the “digital divide”— the United States between those with easy access to the Internet and those without—in their talks with Podesta. “Both the administration and the CEOs said it was a very positive meeting,” he said. “Both sides pledged to work together.” 1.What does “blessing” mean in the context? A. An act of asking or receiving God’s favor, help or protection. B. A gift from God; something one is glad of . C. Approval; encouragement. D. Something not very pleasant, which however is really a good thing after all. 2.The importance of “getting normal trade relations on China worked through” is . A. the normal trade relations with China is important to the American economy B. the normal trade relations with China is important to the idea that the US can continue its prosperity and its economy expansion C. the normal trade relations with China is important to the big businesses and trade D. all of the above 3.Which of the following are the two sides that were present at the meeting? A. Clinton, President the US-Cisco Systems; Dell computer Corp; Intel Corp; Compaq Computer Corp; Hewlett; NCR Corp; Silicon Graphics Inc. B. Clinton and Podesta-leaders of some major U.S. high-tech companies. C. Clinton, Podesta, Joe Lockhart-Cisco systems CEO; Dell Computer Corp CEO; Intel Corp Chairman; Compay computer Corp CEO; Hewlett-Packard CEO; NCR Corp CEO; Silicon Graphics Inc, Chairman and CEO. D. Podesta-John Chambers; Michael Dell; Andrew Grove; Mike Capella; Carly Fiornia; Lars Nyberg; Robert Bishop. 4. The reason for labor union’s disapproval to NTR status for China is probably . A. out of political consideration B. for the fear that China’s low labor cost may cause more unemployment in America. C. unreasonable and ridiculous D. for the fear of more business conflict between America and China as partners 5.What conclusion can we draw about the meeting ,according to the passage? A. It was a positive meeting and both sides are willing to work together on the landmark trade agreement.B. The trade agreement is backed by big business and free-trade Republicans, but the labor union leaders and many of their Democratic allies in Congress are against it. C. The high-tech executives discussed the “digital divide” -the growing division in the United States between those with easy access to the Internet and those without. D. Clinton and his cabinet would launch a major campaign to convince congress to approve permanent NTR status for China. Vocabulary 1.exec n. execute 的简写; 执行; 运行 2.enlist 谋取 vi. 从军; 应募 ; 助 3.uphill vt. 征募; 参与; adj. 上坡的; 向上的 adv. 上坡地 ; 向上 地 4.jeopardize vt. 危害; 使受危困 ; 使陷危地 5.slash vt. vi. 猛砍 ;砍 n. 猛砍 ; 乱砍 n. 斜 杠 6.tariff n.关税; 关税表 ; 价格表 ; 收费表 vt. 征收 关税 7.controversial adj. 争论的; 论争的; 被议论 的 8.allegation n. 指控; 硬说; 断言; 主张;陈述; 辩护; 理由 9.digital n. 数字; 数字式 ; adj. 数位的; 数字 的 10.pledge n. 保证; 誓言; 抵押 vt. 保证; 使发誓 ; 抵押; 典当; 举杯祝„„健康 11.positive adj. 确实的; 明确的; 积极的; 肯定的; 大学英语四级阅读练习(14) fen Indonesia has de ded its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island, where Singaporeans hold the lion’s share of investments, reports said yesterday. “I am very sad by the turn of events,” the head of the Bintan District Assembly, Mr Huzrin Hood, was quoted as saying in Singapore’s Straits Times daily. “But if nothing was done, there will be problems for Bintan in the long run.” Bintan, about 50 kilometers east of Singapore, is a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans, who also hold the majority of the $S1.35 billion ($1.23 billion) in investments there. In a pre-dawn operation on Sunday, Indonesian troops moved in to quell nearly a week of protests outside the Bintan Beach International Resort by about 200 disgruntled villagers. At least 13 people were injured, four of them seriously, and more than 70 people arrested in the 45-minute operation, according to the Straits Times. Three of the injured were said to have gunshot wounds in the chest and stomach. The report said the arrested were blindfolded and tied up before being put into a speedboat and brought to a police station in Tanjung Pinang, south of Bintan island. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also held in the operation. The villagers had set up a blockade and camped at a road leading to the Bintan Beach International Resort, demanding additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industries Ltd. Armed with knives and spears, they had last week seized a power plant of the Bintan Industrial Estate, severing electricity and water supply to the 27 factories there. They left the plant after being given assurances their demands would be looked into. Indonesia’s President Abdurrahman Wahid had cancelled at the last minute a planned meeting yesterday with representatives of the protesters, who declined to relent. Singapore’s Prime Minister, Mr. Goh Chok Tong, also expressed regret over the protests and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in Bintan. 『Mr. Hood said the Indonesian Government had no choice but to act, because the villagers kept on rejecting its proposals for an end to the blockade.』? He would go to Jakarta this week to meet senior central Government officials to help resolve the problems faced by the villagers, he said. “There are many of them still out there, and if they are still unhappy they can cause problems for Bintan in the future.” 1.What is the topic of this passage, according to the passage? A. Indonesia villagers attacked the Bintan District Assembly. B. Indonesia government defended it’s protesters who sought higher compensation for land on Bintan island from Singapore. C. Indonesia defended its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island. D. Indonesia government defends its villagers cracked down by Singapore. 2.Bintan is . A. a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans B. an island where Singaporean hold the majority of the $1.23 billion investment C. a place where Indonesia cracked down protesters seeking more compensation D. all of the above 3.Which of the following is Not true about the crackdown in Bintan? A. Indonesian troops quelled the protesters outside the Bintan Beach international Resort by about 200 villagers. B. At least 13 people were injured, but no death so far. C. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also injured in the operation. D. The villagers demand additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industrials Ltd. 4. Which of the following is the most probable result? A. The villagers’ request was finally fulfilled. B. The Singaporeans were driven out and everything was settled. C. The villagers was given a little more money and warned not to make any more disturbance, they have no choice but to submit. D. More protest broke out and evolved into a revolution. 5.From the last part of the passage we know . A. the representatives declined to relent after the meeting with President Wahid B. Singapore’s Prime Minister expressed regret over the protesters and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in the country C. head of the Bintan District Assemble will meet senior central Singapore government officials to deal with the problems faced by the villagers D. many protesters are still keeping on their act in Bintan Vocabulary 1.disgruntled adj. 不满的;不高兴的 2.blindfold n. 眼罩;障眼物 vt. 遮眼;蒙骗 adj. 看不清的; 盲目的 3.blockade n. 阻塞 vt. 封锁 4.relent vi.发慈悲，动怜悯的 长难句解析 ?【解析】“have no choice but to do„”意为“没有别的选 择，只能„„”。 【译文】 Hood先生说印度尼西亚政府别无选择只能采取行动， 因为村民仍然拒绝结束封锁。 大学英语四级阅读练习(13) Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. 『Theopening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came aboutonly as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.』? The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also ledto expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted“open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number ofblack students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally whiteinstitutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becomingor had already become predominantly black. 『Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that hadalways struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred fromwhite institutions. 』?Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentageof the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks inpredominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered variousproblems. College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half therate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of whites in that age group had completed college. Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States.During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school andabout 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, butover half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education. In general, since the cry of “reversediscrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowedand perhaps even reversed. 1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions. B. The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for whitestudents too. C. Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States. D. Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and whitestudents alike. 2.What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities? A. It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher institutions. B. It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks. C. It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised. D. It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and middle-class black people wereintensified. 3.Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges anduniversities? A. Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the UnitedStates. B. It brought a significant increase in the number of white students. C. It created thorny problems for historically black institutions. D. The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in college greatlyincreased. 4. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to . A. get enrolled in traditionally white colleges B. get enrolled in traditionally black institutions C. complete college D. get a Doctor’s Degree in science 5.Which of the following is true about historically black institutions? A. The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up ofsegregated institutions. B. They created many problems for their students. C. They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship. D. The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s. Vocabulary 1.desegregation n 对种族隔离的取消2.prolonged adj. 长时 的 3.predominantly adv. 主要地 4.bar v. 阻挡，禁 止 5.encounter v. 遇到 6.substantially adv. 在相当程度 上，很大地 7.underrepresented adj. 被忽视的 8.confer v. 授予，给予 9.reverse adj. 反方向 的 10.discrimination n. 歧视 11.reverse v. 调转，转 向 长难句解析?【解析】此句的关键在于理清“to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds”是用来修饰限定“The opening up”的。 【译文】实行种族隔离的院校对不同种族 和信仰背景的学生的接纳，是受到歧视的有色人种在法庭上，街 道上和校园内展开的各种形式的长期斗争的结果。 ?【解析】 此句中“that”引导定语从句，修饰“historically black institutions”，“when” 作定语从句中的时间状语从句。 【译 文】但是高等教育种族 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 的废除，却给传统的黑人院校制造了 新的麻烦，这些院校历史上曾在困境中为给被白人院校阻止在外 的黑人提供更好的教育机会而奋 大学英语四级阅读练习(12) More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. 『It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.』? Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. 『In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.』 ? Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. 『They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff.』 ? And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. 1.It can be concluded from the passage that . A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today B. computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions C. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected D. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company 2.It is implied in the third paragraph that . A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered B. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem C. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes D. most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck 3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced. B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information. C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation. D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes. 4. The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that . A. they have skills formidably difficult for others to master B. the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished C. the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court D. those who commit crimes do not mean bad 5.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? A. With bad reputation they can hardly find another job. B. They will be denied access to confidential records. C. They may walk away and easily find another job. D. They must leave the country or go to jail. Vocabulary 1.reap n. 收获 2.get away 逃脱 3.glowing adj. 热情 洋溢的 4.recommendation n. 推荐信 5.statistics n. 统 计数字 6.disturbing adj. 令人忧虑的 7.keypunch v. 打孔 8.tip off 泄露 9.transaction n. 交 易 10.juggle v. 玩戏法，篡改 11.confidential adj. 绝 密的 12.depart v. 离开 长难句解析 ?【解析】这个长句是由“but”连接的两个句子组成，第一个 句子“if”引导条件状语从句，第二个句子中的“even if”引 导递进关系的条件状语从句。 【译文】如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪 是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，这种犯罪者也可能逃脱 惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。 ?【解析】“that”引导宾语从句，和“company”一起构成“tipped off”的双宾语。“tip off”，“提示，警告”。【译文】另一 种情形，实施计算机犯罪的不满意的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将 被抢劫。 ? 【解析】“of”后的句子都做“thought”的定语。 【译文】他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何 在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司 机密 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 的。鉴于这种想法，他们(公司高层)犹豫了。 大学英语四级阅读练习(11) Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”. The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. 『Informal distinctions between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.』? Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned. 『But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.』? 1. Women’s place, some people think, is the protective environment of the home because . A. women can provide better care for the children B. women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all C. women are biologically suited to domestic jobs D. women can not compete with men in any field 2. According to the author, sex roles . A. are socially determined B. are emotionally and physically determined C. can only be determined by what education people take D. are biologically and psychologically determined 3. The author points out that the assignments of women’ s roles in work . A. are determined by what they are better suited to B. grow out of their position inside the home C. reflect a basic difference between men and women D. are suitable to them, but not to men 4. The author will probably agree with . A. certain sociologists ’prediction that woman are picking up more responsibility in the decades to come B. historian’s general denial of women’s contribution towards human thoughts C. Nietzsche’s contemplation about difference between sexes D. entrepreneurs favoring particular sex when hiring employee 5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The division of sex-defined roles is completely unacceptable. B. Women’s roles in work is too limited at present. C. In one society, men might perform what is considered women’s duties by another. D. Some of the women’s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men. Vocabulary 1.ideology n. 意识形态，思维方式 2.destiny n. 命运，定 数 3.domestic adj. 家庭的，国内的 4.homemaker n. 家庭主 妇 5.competitive adj. 竞争的，竞争性的 6.elementary school 小学 7.informal adj. 非正式的，不拘礼节 的 8.reflection n. 反映，反省，反射 9.ample adj. 充足 的，丰富 长难句解析 ?【解析】according to the ideology做(禁止)语。 【译文】在劳动上男性工作和女性工作之间的非正式的区别，根 据意识形态来说，只是性别之间基本差异的一个功能反映。 ?【解析】两个“that”引导的句子同时作“believe”的宾语。 【译文】但是人们相信性别之间生理上的不同是个定数，大自然 想要男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就 是完全可以接受的了 , 10-11大学英语四级阅读练习(10) One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up. Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking - still in private rather than in public - whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really s. relevant to the problems of the 1990’ 『Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? 』?This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard. The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent and they must be disinterested„ They are places to which men can turn for judgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. 『Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgement is impaired.”』? This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in bringing the nation’s ideals and actions together. Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 『They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s.』? 1. The issues in the debate on Harvard’s goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should . A. fight militarism B. overcome the widespread drug dependency C. take an active part in solving society’s ills D. support our old and established institutions 2. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harvard men are becoming . A. more sure about them B. less sure about them C. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer D. completely disillusioned about ever paradox” in paragraph 1 is . 3. The word “ A. a parenthetical expression B. a difficult puzzle C. an abnormal condition D. a self-contradiction 4. The word “sanctuary”in paragraph 3 is. A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god B. a temple or nunnery of middle age C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps D. an academy for intelligent people 5. In the author’s judgement, the ferment going on at Harvard . A. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends D. will influence future life in America Vocabulary 1.paradox n.似非而是的论点;似非而可能是的隽语;自相矛盾话 2.sanctuary n. 避难所 3.clapboard n. 隔板，墙板，桶板 4.distinguished adj. 卓著的，著名的，高贵的 5.partisanship n. 党派性，党派偏见 6.disinterested adj. 无私的 7.impair v. 削弱，伤害 8.militant adj. 好战的，战斗性的 9.be bound to 一定要„„ 长难句解析 ?【解析】此句由两个并列的句子组成，“apart from„”做第一个句子“sanctuary”的补语。 【译文】哈佛或其它一些大学应当是一个智力的避难所，远离当今的政治和社会变革;还应当是政治和社会变革的一块实验基地，或者甚至是革命的一部发动机呢, ?【解析】两个“the moment”引导的句子做此句的时间状语从 句。 【译文】显然，当大学处于政治和私有企业的控制下，或者他们 自己从事政治和政府的领导时，他们作为独立和公正判断的价值 观将会收到伤害。 ?【解析】这个长句由三个句子组成，“but”引导了一个转折 句,“and”引导了一个并列句。be bound to“肯定会，必定”。 【译文】他们甚至不清楚应当怎样讨论和解决他们的问题，但是 他们每个人正在奋斗，并且哈佛大学议论的结果必定影响20世 纪90年代美国的大学和政治生活。 大学英语四级阅读练习(9) Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time. 『Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. 』?Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience with due regard to all life’s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. 『Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.』? Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance learning program is the equivalence of the distance learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education. 1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part time education? s career. A. It requires some break in one’ B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program. C. It affects one’s career. D. It gives the student less time to share with the family. 2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning? A. The student may choose his or her own pace. B. The student may study at any time to his or her convenience. C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying. D. Their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etc. 3. What benefit will distance learning program bring to a business? A. Recruitment of more talented people. B. Good image of the business. C. Better cooperation with universities. D. Further training of employees and business growth. 4. Good distance learning program have the following characteristic EXCEPT . A. distance learning course is the same as students taking courses in campus B. the result diploma or degree should be same as on campus study C. professor-student relationship is strictly one to one all through the course D. includes subject evaluation tool 5. What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business? A. Professional growth. B. Good relationship with the employer. C. Good impression on the employer. D. Higher salary. Vocabulary 1.avenue n. 林荫道，大街，方法，途径，路 2.accommodating adj. 乐于助人的，随和的，善于适应新环境的 3.due adj. 应得的，应付的，正当的，预期的 4.facsimile machine 传真机 5.teleconferencing n. 电信会议 6.preclude v. 排除，使避免 7.equivalence n. 同等，等价，等效性 8.resultant adj. 作为结果而发生的，合成的 9.individuality n. 个性，个人的特性，个人的嗜好 10.sponsor v. 发起，主办，赞助 长难句解析 ?【解析】这个句子由两部分组成，主语都是“part time education”，第一部分的“that is„”做主语的同位语。第二部分的谓语由两部分组成，即“tends to„”和“„puts„”。 【译文】函授教育就是在晚间或者一个月的每个周末去学校上课，这种教育倾向于把时间拖得很长，并且很多人难于完成这种学位。 ?【解析】此句结构比较简单，主要要求考生掌握一些常用词，如“airmail”，“facsimile machine”，“teleconferencing” 等。 【译文】教师的辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传真和电 话会议以及因特网事业，在第二段中作者又说Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tend学习，因此需要中断自己的事业不是部 分时间教育的缺点。而其他选项都是文章提及的part time education的不利条件。 大学英语四级阅读练习(8) While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising towers and bright lights that have awakened the sleeping country, the countryside remains largely the same. 『Rectangular rows of rice fields litter the landscape separated by long lanes of water designed to provide the constant supply of water that is vital to producing the crop.』? The experience is not unlike driving through the American Midwest, only rice not corn dominates the landscape. Four years ago, when I last took this trip, the roads were dust and telephone wires did not run parallel to the highway. Bare roads have been replaced by sleek, newly paved highways running from Shanghai to Nanking, to my smaller, home city, Wuhu. Unlike the changes I had heard of and expected in Shanghai, Wuhu was much more of a surprise. The small city where I was born had grown up as I have. There are large high-rise buildings, each ringed with smaller buildings around it, many of these apartment complexes. Little seemed familiar and I wonder what my grandparent’ s flat built of brick and mortar had become. 『Perhaps I shouldn’t have been surprised to find out that their home had been demolished and rebuilt as a six story apartment complex as well. 』?Walking up to the second floor I saw my grandfather’s face peering out of the screen door. He began to smile as he saw me, and so did I. Their home is now no different from a western apartment. Equipped with the modern amenities of a gas stove, a toilet, a shower this was indeed different from four years ago. 1. According to the author, dramatic changes took place in. A. cities but not countryside of China B. both cities and countryside of China C. countryside but not in large cities D. everywhere 2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that . A. peasants lead similar life all over the world B. Chinese irrigating system is more impressing than that in America C. peasants in Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants raise more rice D. peasants in Midwest America raise more rice while Chinese peasants raise more corn 3. The author was traveling to Wuhu. A. in order to take a stop during the trip from Shanghai to Nanking B. in order to find some place similar to his hometown C. in order to visit his grand parents D. in order to find out changes in small cities 4. The author’s grand parents. A. live in their house of brick and mortar B. live in an apartment similar to westerners C. led a totally westernized life D. was poor as they always were 5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Flash back to China B. From Shanghai to Nanking C. Wuhu Today D. Back With My Grand Parents Vocabulary 1 mortar n 灰泥 2.amenity n.便利设施 3.rectangular adj长方形 4. litter n.乱七八糟的东西 5. lane n.小路 6.demolish vt.拆除 长难句解析 ?【解析】句子的主干是“„landscape separated by„”，“that” 引导的定语从句，修饰“water”。 【译文】长方形的稻田杂乱地分布在田野上，田野被一些长长的 水槽所隔开，这些水槽是为了提供这些作物生长所必需的水。? 【解析】“as well”作“也，又”讲，一般放在句末，而“as well as”作“也，又”讲放在句中。 【译文】也许，对于他们家已被拆除，重新盖起了六层的公寓， 我不应该感到惊奇。 大学英语四级阅读练习(7) Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife,Elizabeth McCourt,better known as “Baby Doe”.Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont.With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homes tead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines.At any rate,a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.”he said. As it turned out,it was silver,not lead,that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself,so he opened a general store,which sold everything from boots to salt,flour,and tobacco.『It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners,in other words,to supply them with food and supplies,or “grub”, while they looked for ore,in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.』?He did this for a number of years,but no one that he aided ever found anything of value. Finally one day in the year 1878,so the story goes,two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way.These were persistent, however,and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself.One more time won’ t make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers.the two miners took $17 worth of supplies,in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the other two men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the “Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment. Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000.This turned out to be even morefabulous than the Pittsburgh,yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time.Leadville grew.Tabor became its first mayor,and later became lieutenant governor of the state. 1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT. A.because Tabor became its leading citizen B.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found there C.because it could bring good fortune to Tabor D.because it was renamed 2.The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means. A.to supply miners with food and supplies B.to open a general store C.to do one’s contribution to the development of the mine D.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine,if one was discovered 3.Tabor made his first fortune. A.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings B.because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying C.by buying the shares of the other D.as a land speculator 4. The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is. A. purely accidental B. based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site C. through the help from his second wife D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step 5.If this passage is the first part of an article,who might be introduced in the following part? A.Tabor’s life. B.Tabor’s second wife,Elizabeth McCourt. C.Other colorful characters. D.Tabor’s other careers. Vocabulary 1.barren adj. 贫瘠的 2.fabulous adj. 神话般的，难以置信的 3.lure vt.诱惑，引诱 4.deposit n.沉淀，储蓄 5.grubstake v.下注 长难句解析 ?【解析】“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”后面的句子， “while”引导时间状语从句。 【译文】他的通常做法是对来采矿的人“下注”，说得更明确一 点就是泰勃供给这些人食品、用品等物品，作为回报，当他们 采到矿后就会分给他一部分股份。 , 09-28大学英语四级阅读练习(6) There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』? They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”. By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you. Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position.』? Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.” The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses. 1. The passage is mainly concerned with . A. the different tastes of people for sports B. the different characteristics of sports C. the attraction of football D. the attraction of baseball 2. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that . A. it is only to the taste of the old B. it involves fewer players than football C. it is not exciting enough D. it is pretentious and looks funny 3. The author admits that . A. baseball is too peaceful for the young B. baseball may seem boring when watched on TV C. football is more attracting than baseball D. baseball is more interesting than football 4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence): A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game. B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result. C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well. D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it. 5. We can safely conclude that the author. A. likes football B. hates football C. hates baseball D. likes baseball Vocabulary 1. dugout n. 棒球场边供球员休息的地方 2. pitcher n. 投手 3. symphony n. 交响乐 4. chamber n. 室内 5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视 长难句解析 ?【解析】此句的主干是“Baseball„means„watching„”， 其中“in funny tight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”, “standing„”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。 【译文】对于他们来说，棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周围没事可做地东张西望。 ?【解析】这是一个复合句，“goes up„”，“flexes„”“takes„”，“glances„”做“the third baseman”的并列谓语。 ,