现在完成式
_____________.||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||.___________.____________
past now future
簡義：過去 + 現在 = 現在完成式 ,寫法為 have /has + 過去分詞 定義：表過去到現在「已經完成」、「持續」、或「經驗」的動作或狀態。 句型：肯定句：主詞 (S) + have / has + P.P.
否定句：主詞 (S) + have / has + not + P.P.
疑問句：Have / Has +主詞 (S) + P.P.？
簡答句：Yes, 代名詞主詞+ have / has.
No, 代名詞主詞+ have / has + not.
剛剛 just 已經 already 尚/還(未) (not) yet 1表「已完成」 到目前為止 so far
不曾 never 曾經 ever 一次 once 兩次 twice 2表「經驗的次數」 許多次 many times 多少次 How many times?
for + 一段時間 (表動作已持續多久時間) 3 表「持續」 since + 起始時間 (表從過去迄今的時間)
Have / has been to 意為「曾經去過」 4 意混淆的片語 Have / has gone to意為「已經去了」(限第三人稱使用)
Practice：
1. Mary swam one hour ago. / She is still swimming now. (合併成一句)
, Mary has swum for one hour.
, Mary has swum since one hour ago.
2. John taught English ten years ago. / He is still teaching now.(合併成一句)
, John has taught English for ten years.
, John has taught English since ten years ago .
補充說明：用has been teaching更恰當！因為has been teaching現在完成式，國中未教！
3. She / speak to Jerry / never (以現在完成式造句)
, She has never spoken to Jerry .
4. They / be here / twice (以現在完成式造句)
, They have been here twice .
5. Peter / not read the book / yet (以現在完成式造句)
, Peter has not read the book yet .
6. 你曾經看過那部電影嗎？(問句與答句)
Have you ever seen the movie before? (see)
, No, I have not (= 縮寫 haven’t ).
, No, I never have. ＊簡答時頻率副詞放在助動詞之前
, No, never . ＊更短的簡答可同時省略主詞和助動詞 7. 你學英文多久？(問句與答句)
How long have you learned English?
, I have learned English for more than five years. (超過五年)
, I have learned English since five years ago . (從五年前到現今)
8. Tom拖了幾次地板？
How many times has Tim mopped the floor?
, He has mopped the floor once . 一次
9. 你曾經去過香港嗎？
Have you ever been to Hong Kong?
10. Lucy不在這裡了。她已經去墾丁了。
Lucy is not here. She has gone to Kenting. 11. 自從你離家後已經過了十年了
It has been ten years since you left home.
= It is ten years since you left home.
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