学案1 句子成分

英语句子成分讲解   一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。(说明主语的动作或状态；由动词或动词短语担任。注意：动词分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词，其中只有实义动词可以直接作谓语，其它的动词只有和别的动词一起组成谓语。（谓语动词是 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示句子时态的主要手段；它在人称和数上要和主语保持一致）。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. （介词短语） My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来）， taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感觉） …. 联系动词 A.状态系动词：be B. 感觉类系动词,常见的有look, sound, taste, smell, feel, touch. C. 变化类系动词，表示"变为、变成", 常见的有 become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run等 D. 持续类系动词，表示"依旧或继续" 常见的有remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, lie, hold等 E. 终止类系动词，表示动作和过程所产生的结果。有prove, turn out, F. 表象类系动词，（看起来像） look ,seem ,appear. 助动词（无意义） be；have (has, had)；do (does, did)；shall (should)；will (would)。 情态动词（和不带to的不定式构成谓语） can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), shall (should), ought to, need, dare, used to。 It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 三、宾语： 1）动作的承受者——动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. (副词) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 五、主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 修饰动词、形容词、副词、或整个句子用的；通常由副词、介词短语、名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或从句等担任。英语状语分为：地点状语、时间状语、条件状语、目的状语、方式状语、程度状语、原因状语、伴随状语、让步状语。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 记忆口诀： 动词种类速记： 英语动词分四种，行为连系助动情。 动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用； 连系动词有意义，不能独立作谓语， 须与表语在一起，常用look，become，be 助动词无意义，不能独立作谓语， 时态、疑问和否定，do，be，will最常用 情态动词must，can，may，表示语气和情态， 人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。 感官、使役动词： 一感二听三使四看 一感：feel二听：hear，listen三使：make， let ，have 四看：look at，see，watch，notice 用法口诀 感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪， 主动句中它走开，被动句中它回来， 动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。 七.同位语：对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释；通常由名词、数词、代词或从句等担任。 This is Mr. Zhang, our headmaster. Walt Disney, the great film-maker, was born in 1901. He made a promise that he would never come late. 画出下列句子中的同位语。 1. Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr James. 2. His suggestion that the meeting should be put off was turned down. 3. The question who should do the work deserves consideration. 同位语与从句的区别，句子中去掉同位语句子依然完整，从句反之。