金乡大蒜机械化种植收获情况调查与分析

金乡大蒜机械化种植收获情况调查与分析 一、金乡大蒜种植基本情况 金乡县地处鲁西南平原腹地～总面积886平方公里～总人口62.9万人～82万亩耕地～辖11镇2乡～是驰名中外的中国大蒜之乡、园葱之乡、金谷之乡、长寿之乡和诚信之乡～素有“世界大蒜看中国、中国大蒜看金乡”的美誉～是中国重要优质大蒜生产基地～也是全省农业产业化经营先进县和农民增收先进县。常年种植大蒜70万亩～大蒜年均产量100余万吨。目前～金乡大蒜已出口130多个国家和地区～占全国出口总量的70,～单项农产品出口创汇居全国第一。大蒜产业已成为兴农富民强县的主导产业。 金乡种植大蒜历史悠久～早在两千多年前的西汉时期～金乡就有种植大蒜的记载。所产大蒜个大、皮白、汁鲜味美、辣味纯正适中、营养丰富～富含人体所需的硒、铁、钾等20多种营养元素。其中～硒元素在全国大蒜产品中含量最高～被专家称之为最好的天然抗生素食品和抗癌食品～具有很好的保健、杀菌、抗衰老、抑制肿瘤等作用。 多年来～金乡县委、县政府把大蒜作为一项重点产业来发展～坚持用发展工业的理念经营农业～不断推进金乡大蒜的市场化、标准化、产业化和国际化进程～依靠大蒜产业带动农村经济全面发展和农民收入持续增长。目前全县恒温库the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the long-acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and supervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, tree-generating activities. Promote 已发展到1200余座～冷贮能力达180万吨。全县以大蒜、圆葱、蔬菜为主的农副产品贮藏加工企业已发展到600余家～加工能力超过60万吨～其中拥有自营进口权的企业发展到108家～省级龙头企业6家～ 2006年被纳入全国“双百市场重点 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 ”范围～同时金乡大蒜专业批发市场被评为山东省十大农产品专业市场。现在金乡已成为名副其实的大蒜集散、流通中心和贮藏、加工中心～也是公认的价格形成中心。 二、金乡大蒜所获荣誉 1992年～在首届中国农业博览会上～荣获银质奖～是迄今为止中国白皮蒜类唯一最高奖,1996年获得国家“A级绿色食品”证书～并被命名为“中国大蒜之乡”,2000年在国家工商总局注册了“金乡大蒜”商标,2001年“金乡大蒜”商标被国家商标局正式核准生效,2002年～以种植面积最大县获吉尼斯世界之最,2003年获准使用“无公害农产品标志”～获得国家质检总局认证的“金乡大蒜”原产地 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 标记,2005年“金乡大蒜”获农业部有机认证中心有机产品证书～同年～被国家环保部门列为国家级生态示范区,2006年～省政府把金乡大蒜产业列为山东省十大重点发展农业产业之一,2007年～通过农业部绿色食品发展中心有关专家的验收～我县被评为30万亩全国绿色食品原料,大蒜,标准化生产基地,2007年～金乡大蒜产业被评为山东省十大产业集群,2008年～国家标准委员会专家组通过了《地理标志产品 Com the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find iplinenventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Dischi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community cofor Z a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountabilityty members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be f parsues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement oAccept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major is supervision of party members and cadres, from the ...acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and -tee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the longthe three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party CommitPromote generating activities. -mittee detailed switch and, casting, tree2 金乡大蒜》的审核和《地理标志产品 金乡大蒜》正式实施,2009年～金乡县与欧盟就金乡大蒜地理标志达成共识～标志着“金乡大蒜”地理标志被欧盟认可。金乡大蒜此次与欧盟达成的地理标识互认协议将受到欧盟各国的法律保护～成为金乡大蒜进军国际市场的“护照”,2010年～金乡大蒜被国家工商总局认定为“中国驰名商标”,2011年金乡县获得“中国有机农业,大蒜,示范基地”和“中国有机大蒜第一县”称号。从而为提升我县大蒜产业化发展水平和农产品国际市场竞争力～增加农产品出口～促进农业标准化发展起到积极的推动作用～并为争创中国名牌及推进品牌化发展战略打下坚实基础。 三、金乡大蒜节会举办情况 1、2001年～成功举办了首届中国大蒜节, 2、2002年～举办了“WTO与中国大蒜产业化论坛首届年会暨大蒜科技成果博览会”, 3、2003年～连续举办了首届中国国际大蒜节及有机大蒜推介会, 4、2004年～与联合国粮农组织共同在金乡举办了第四届葱蒜类学术讨论会, 5、2005年～举办了全国大蒜产销衔接会, 6、2006年～在人民大会堂举办了大蒜产业发展论坛, 7、2007年～举办首届大蒜产业博览会, generating activities. -ibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, treenterference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsthe i lable implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appointablish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly avain, estulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commissioon cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fervisiine. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supnt job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline disciplsupervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, importaacting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and -long sound work style construction views of the the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of amotePro 3 8、2008年～与中国蔬菜流通协会共同在人民大会堂举办了大蒜产业发展高层论坛, 9、2009年～召开中国,金乡,大蒜节暨经贸洽谈会, 10、2010年～召开第二届中国,金乡,国际大蒜节, 11、2011年～召开金乡有机大蒜新闻发布会、金乡有机大蒜产销,农超,对接洽谈会、参加第五届中国国际有机食品博览会和第六届中国零售商展览会, 12、2011年6月～召开,首届,中国大蒜年会,济宁圣都国际会议中心,暨金乡有机大蒜推介会, 13、2011年底～参加中国绿色食品2011广州博览会。 四、金乡大蒜种植模式 1、生产技术操作:一般大蒜每亩1.8,2.2万株～早苔蒜每亩2.5,3万株～川蒜、云蒜每亩3.5,4万株～亩用种量100kg，150kg。播种方法:?、开沟播种～用特制的开沟器或耙开沟～深3cm，4cm～行距18,20cm。株距根据播种密度和行距来定。种子摆放上齐下不齐～腹背连线与行向平行～蒜瓣一定要尖部向上～不可倒置～覆土1,1.5cm～播后及时浇水覆膜,?、打孔播种～按预定行、株距打孔～深3cm，4cm～每孔播一枚种蒜瓣～然后覆土整平～浇水。 2、种植模式主要有:两茬种植的大蒜和棉花套种占85%左右,大蒜和辣椒、茄子、玉米套种占10%左右。三茬种植的大蒜和西瓜、甜瓜、玉米套种以及大蒜和菠菜、玉米或棉 Promote generating activities. -mittee detailed switch and, casting, treeCom the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find iplinenventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Dischi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community cofor Z a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountabilityty members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be f parsues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement oAccept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major is supervision of party members and cadres, from the ...acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and -tee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the longthe three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Commit4 花套种的占5%-10%左右。另外还有～大蒜/莴笋/玉米、大蒜/豆角、大蒜/花生、大蒜/黄瓜、大蒜/芸豆、大蒜/生姜、等种植模式。 五、金乡大蒜种植品种:主要有金乡白皮大蒜、金乡红皮大蒜以及金乡县润丰种业审定的金蒜3号、金蒜4号。蒜种一般为自留种70%-80%左右和外来引进蒜种20%-30%左右。选择肥大、颜色一致、蒜瓣数适中、无虫源、无病菌、无刀伤、无霉烂的蒜头做蒜种 六、金乡大蒜种植收获:种植一般为每年的10月上旬左右开始种植。蒜薹收获一般在次年的5月上旬左右～蒜头收获一般在蒜薹收获15-20天后。金乡大蒜种植现阶段全部人工种植～收获95%以上为人工收获～一般为自己收获和雇工收获～机械化收获率很低～2%-5%左右。农户自己种植亩大蒜平均需要3.5个工时～雇工种植平均需要220元左右每亩,农户自己收获亩大蒜平均需要6个工时～雇工收获大蒜平均每亩需400元左右～机械化收获大蒜平均每亩需100元左右,农户自己收获蒜薹平均每亩需2.5个工时～雇工收获蒜薹平均每亩需280元左右。 七、金乡大蒜机械化种植收获现状 1、发展大蒜机械化的重要性 大蒜是我县经济收入的重要支柱产业～每年以大蒜为主的各项产值达20多亿元～出口创汇2亿美元。然而～大蒜是一种劳动密集型栽培作物～种植和收获劳动强度大～占用 motePro generating activities. -ibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, treenterference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsthe i lable implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appointablish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly avain, estulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commissioon cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fervisiine. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supnt job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline disciplsupervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, importaacting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and -long sound work style construction views of the the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a5 农时多～收获季节性强。目前～我县大蒜种植完全依靠人工栽培～尚无成熟的种植机具～收获也仍然以人工作业为主～极少数采用简易犁挖掘～损伤多～效率低。这都成为了影响我县大蒜产业的生产发展～制约大蒜及其深加工产业成长的主要瓶颈。如果实行大蒜机械化收获,按:雇人工收获大蒜每亩需劳动力3,5个～每个劳动力100元～每亩需要支出劳动费用300-500元,机械化收获大蒜每亩需120元～不包括人工采收后土地深耕费用,～仅收获一项～全县60万亩大蒜就可节省费用2亿元左右～大大降低了生产成本～从而促进我县大蒜各项产业的大发展。所以研制发展大蒜种植收获机械已迫在眉睫～成为我县农业机械需求和研发的热点和重点。 2、目前推广的大蒜收获机状况 为解决我县大蒜种植与收获问题～改变传统生产模式～减轻蒜农的劳动强度～实现大蒜收获机械化～提高我县大蒜收获机械化水平。结合金乡实际～金乡县农机局一直致力于大蒜收获机械的项目攻关与引进～并将技术研发和引进推广有机结合～组织相关人员开展科技攻关和试验实践～一是由河南郑州中牟环保设备厂改制生产的4HS-DS700多功能大蒜收获机～该机型以小型四轮拖拉机为动力～利用震动抖土的工作原理～收货部件将作物挖掘出来～通过输送带震动抖土后完成作物的有效铺放～同时将地膜收起～减少了地膜对土 iplinenventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Dischi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community cofor Z a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountabilityty members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be f parsues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement oAccept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major is supervision of party members and cadres, from the ...acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and -tee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the longthe three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party CommitPromote generating activities. -mittee detailed switch and, casting, treeCom the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find6 壤的污染。配套动力为15马力以上四轮拖拉机,工作幅宽70cm,挖掘深度8cm以上,伤蒜率?2%,损失率?2%,明蒜率?95%,生产率2-3亩/h。二是针对我县大蒜间作套种模式～积极引进TL-VS120水平螺旋桨式大蒜收获机～该机型配套动力:8.8kw以上手扶拖拉机,作业幅宽:40cm，60cm,作业深度7，15 cm,明蒜率:?95,,损伤率:,2,,生产率:1.5,2亩,小时。主要用来解决大蒜间作种植的收获问题。 近年来～我县推广各类大蒜收获机2000多台～其中～铲式小型机具1500多台～通过农机购置补贴推广的机具500多台。据不完全统计每年收获大蒜面积占全县种植面积的1/10～每年节省劳务支出1320多万元。通过跟踪调查发现以上推广的两种机型也存在一定的缺陷。一是4HS-DS700大蒜收获机收获深浅控制不一～受行距限制～笨重～适应土壤墒情较差～抖土不干净～排列不规则,二是TL-VS120水平螺旋桨式大蒜收获机～缠刀问题严重～对套种作物伤苗率高～易跑偏～大蒜与土壤分离不清～收获不干净等问题～有待进一步改进。 3、影响大蒜机械化发展的问题。 一是大蒜种植一般为冬播～种植时间较为集中～由于受本身种植特性和农民传统种植习惯的影响～农民一般都在蒜田套种作物～造成机械不能规模化作业～直接影响了作业效 motePro generating activities. -ibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline Committee detailed switch and, casting, treenterference and resistance, backed by courageous, find the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsthe i lable implementation of the platform for action. Discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appointablish and improve the village rules and community conventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly avain, estulfill their duties of supervision and accountability for Zhi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commissioon cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fervisiine. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement of party members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supnt job himself, the Secretary of development, major issues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline disciplsupervision of party members and cadres, from the ... Accept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, importaacting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and -long sound work style construction views of the the three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party Committee on the establishment of a7 率和收益～影响机械的有效推广应用。 二是大蒜种,收,机械的研发和示范推广滞后于粮食作物机械～机械市场投放量少～作业适应性差～且种类不多～机械性能不稳定～尤其是在大蒜种植环节更为突出～造成农民群众认知程度低～农民使用机械作业积极性不高～机械化作业难度较大～成为阻碍大蒜生产机械化发展的重要因素。 三是政府和个人对大蒜机械化作业的投资力度小。项目资金数量少～远远不能满足大蒜机械发展的需求。 4、我县蒜农对大蒜种植收获机型的技术要求。 一是大蒜种植收获机适应性强～可以在各种土壤和墒情田里种植和收获大蒜, 二是大蒜种植机要智能化～像人工种植大蒜～误差和颠倒顺序率6-10%之间, 三是大蒜收获机能够兼顾套种作物～损伤率控制在2%以下～伤苗率控制在1-3%左右～并且可以把收获的大蒜一铺一铺整齐排开～相互覆盖防晒糖～而且不砸伤套种作物。 四是大蒜收获机简单易操作～携带方便～有捡拾塑料薄膜的功能。 2011年4月12日 iplinenventions, promoting joint public and serving the sunshine publicly available implementation of the platform for action. Dischi JI. Zhen into full play and the oversight role of the Commission, establish and improve the village rules and community cofor Z a hard requirement, adhere to the responsibilities and play, earnestly fulfill their duties of supervision and accountabilityty members and cadres to ask all the discipline inspection and supervision cadres in accordance with the iron itself must be f parsues personally. 5. strongly supports accountability discipline discipline. Administrative provisions on strict enforcement oAccept supervision and earnestly grasp, balance, two promotion, important job himself, the Secretary of development, major is supervision of party members and cadres, from the ...acting mechanism and on the implementation of the three Suns calls for further strengthening of education administration and -tee on the establishment of a sound work style construction views of the longthe three. Third, seriously implement the Central, provincial, municipal and County party CommitPromote generating activities. -mittee detailed switch and, casting, treeCom the problem corrected, powerful maintenance the seriousness of responsibility of uncorrupted. Actively promote the discipline in handling cases, adhere to find along with scrutiny, to appoint the interference and resistance, backed by courageous, find8