spend pay cost take用法!31
spend、pay、 cost、 take用法
1. spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构:
(1) sb. spend time/money on sth. 在„„上花费时间(金钱)
e.g. I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱) 做某事
e.g. They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
(3) sb. spend money for sth. 花钱买„„
e.g. His money was spent for books.
2. cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以
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示“值”，常见用法如下:
(1) sth. cost (sb.)+金钱 某物花了(某人)多少钱
e.g. A new computer costs a lot of money.
(2) (doing) sth. cost (sb.)+时间 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间
e.g. Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
3. take后面常跟双宾语，表示花费时间、金钱等;常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间
e.g. It took them three years to build this road.
(2) doing sth. takes sb.+时间 做某事花了某人多少时间
e.g. Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
其中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式。
若对本句型结构中的some time提问，使用how long。
e.g. It takes me an hour to do my homework every evening.
我每晚要用一小时来做作业。
How long does it take you to do your homework?
做作业要花费你多长时间,
4. pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买„„
e.g. I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
20英磅的房租。
(2) pay for sth. 付„„的钱
e.g. I have to pay for the book lost.
(3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱
e.g. Don't worry! I'll pay for you.
担心，我会给你付钱的。
(4) pay sb. 付钱给某人
e.g. They pay us every month.
(5) pay money back 还钱
e.g. May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week.
12块钱吗,下周还你。
(6) pay off one's money 还清钱
e.g. They pay off our money yesterday.
Take的用法
动词take在不同的语言环境中可以表示许多不同的意思，了解并掌握其用法很
有必要。常见的用法有:
1)表示“拿走、带走、带去”。如:
Could you take it to the classroom? 你把它拿到教室里去好吗, 2)表示“带给”如:
Take him another cup of tea.再端一杯茶给他。 3)表示“吃、喝、服用”。如:
The doctor often gives me some medicine to take
for my cold.医生常给我一些感冒药吃。
Take the medicine three times a day.每天服药三次。 4) 表示“乘车(船)”等。如:
You can take the No.2 bus. 你可以做第2路公共汽车去。 5)表示“花费/用(时间)”。如:
It takes about two hours. 大约要花两个小时。 How long does it take by ship? 坐船要用多长时间, 6)与不同的词搭配，构成不同的固定短语。如: take a walk 散步
take away food可带走熟食
take one’s temperature量体温
take one’s time 不急/从容不迫
take exercise做运动
take a look看一看
take photos拍照/照相
take off脱下/脱掉
take (good) care of照顾，照料
take out取出/拿出
7)运用某种交通工具去某地的表达方法，除前面列举的几个外，常用的还有:
by plane (=by air) 乘飞机
by ship (= by sea) 乘轮船
by boat (= by water) 坐船
by taxi乘出租车
by subway乘地铁
by minibus乘小公共汽车
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