情态动词专题含有专项练习

情态动词专题讲义 英文中的情态动词主要有：can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared, 另外，shall , will , should , would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下： 一、情态动词的本义用法 1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法 (1) 表示能力：如：He can speak English better than you. (2) 在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性” 如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3) 表示“许可”时can可以和may换用：如：You can (may) go home now. (4) 如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式。（注    意在回答中不可用could）。 --- Could I have the television on?  --- Yes, you can. / No, you can' (5) can和be able to 两者都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式, 当表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to, 如：He was able to swim across the river.(已经做过) He can swim across the river.(有这个能力，但还没有实现) 2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法 (1) 表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意, 如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答. 如：-- May I use this dictionary? -- Yes, please/ --Certainly. -- I’m afraid not, because I am using now. 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not 如：May I have a look at your new computer? --- May we swim in this lake? --- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous. 注意：在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些。 (2) may 用于祈使句中表祝愿, 如：May you succeed! 3、must的基本用法 (1) must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn't，表示 “不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意, 如：We must study hard and make progress every day. (2) 对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不必)来回答，而不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意 如：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3) 表示“偏要，非得… …” 一个常考之意 如：Why must you always interrupt me? 你为什么非得老是打扰我？ Must you make so much noise?你就非得弄这么大声吗？ 4、Should 的基本用法 (1) Should和ought to 后都接动原,指 “应该”,表命令,劝告或建议等. 但 ought to 强调道义、法律所规定的职责；而 should 一般是表示说话者的一种主观看法。 如：We ought to respect our teachers and parents. 我们应该尊敬老师和父母亲。 You ought not to be so careless in your work .你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。 (2) 表示说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等，“竟然”。 如：You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. ----When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ----They _____be ready by 12 : 00 .  (      ) A. can    B. should  C. might  D. need 5、Shall的基本用法 (1). shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 Shall we begin our class?（征求意见）When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示) (2). shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，决心或威胁。 You shall go with me. (命令) You shall have the book when I finish it. (允诺) He shall be punished. (威胁) (3).用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。 “The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. (4) 用于第一人称表将来。 I shall go to work after I have finished school 6、will 和would的基本用法 (1).表示意志和意愿。will 指现在，would指过去。 如：If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice. (2).表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气 如：Will (Would ) you please pass me the book? (3).表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。 如：Fish will die without water. Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought. (4).表示功能， 意为“能” 或“行” , 如：The machine won’t work. (5). Will用于表示决心（可译成”一定要,决心，等” ） 如：We will never talk about that subject again .  我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。 7、would & used to (1).表示过去持续的状态和情况用used to; would不与表示状态的动词连用。 如：There used to be a hospital here. / There would be a hospital here.( ×) (2). would 常与often, sometimes, for hours等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。 如：We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story. (3).used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义, 如：He will not spend the money on books as he used to. 8、need 和 dare (1).need 表 “需要”dare “敢”．只用于否，疑，条件句中．后接加动词原形 如： — Need I help you?  — Yes, please. You needn’t telephone him now. How dare you talk to the teacher like that? The girl dare not go out alone at night. (2).做实意动词后加不定式。 如：We need to tell him the news.            You don’t need to tell him the news. Do the flowers need watering?          I didn’t dare to tell you the truth. Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? The boy dares to do anything he likes. 专题练习 1. — Will Mr Wang offer us a hand? — He ______ be glad to．He never refused our request． A．can    B．must    C．may  D．should 2. Peter ＿＿＿＿ come with us tonight，but he isn’t very sure yet． A．must  B．may    C．can    D．will 3. —Write to me when you get home.      —_________ A．I must     B．I should   C．I will     D．I can 4.--Could I borrow your dictionary?    --Yes, of course you_________. A. might     B. will        C. can      D. should 5. When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would       B. should        C. had better         D. might 6. --Why ____ it rain now? I ___ go to the concert at 7.  --What a pity! A. can; might not  B. should; needn’t  C. must; can’t  D. need; mustn’t 7. -- What do you think of your nephew?    -- He     be very naughty but at the same time you __ help liking him.  A. will; will    B. won’t ; can’t          C. may; may      D. can; can’t 8. Keep up a good state of mind even if you _____fail plenty of times.  A. must      B. will              C. can          D. should 9. If you ___ wait a moment, I will go and find our manager.    A. can        B. should          C. will          D. must 10. Don’t believe him. His story ___ be true.  A. mustn’t  B. needn’t          C. shouldn’t  D. may not 11. -- We need some fresh air, but the window     open.    -- _____I help you? A. didn't; Will    B. shan't; Need  C. mustn’t; May    D. won't; Shall 二、情态动词表推测用法 （一）可以用来表示推测的情态动词以及把握性大小 1. must只用于肯定句，表示较有把握的推测，意为“准是，一定”。 ---- I've had no sleep for 48 hours.        ---- You must be very tired. 2. can也表示较有把握的推测，多用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句，意为“不可能，一定不(是)”。 在疑问句中，含有怀疑或疑问的意味，意为“会（是）……？”例如： ① Can the news be true?      ② Who can it be?  ③ He can’t have seen her there. 3. may表示对现在把握不大的推测，不用在疑问句中，意为“也许，可能”。如： Don't play with the knife. You may cut yourself. 不要玩小刀，你可能会伤了自己。 4. could, might也可表示把握不大的推测，常用在过去时态中；但在某些场合下，为了使语气更缓和、更委婉，常用could, might代替can, may。如： You may/might/could be very tired. 你可能很累吧！ 5. can当用于肯定句表示可能性时，表示的是客观上存在的可能性，意为“有时可能会……”，其时间意义宽泛不具体。例如：①Smoking can cause cancer. ②Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.    ③Anyone can make mistakes. 6. should用于肯定句中表示可能性，意为“很可能，应该”，指按常理推测。如： They left yesterday. They should be home by now. (二)情态动词表示推测的句式 1.情态动词+动词原形:  表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。 I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 2.情态动词+动词现在进行时(be doing): 表示对现在/将来正在进行的情况进行推测。 At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 3.情态动词+动词完成时(have done):  表示对过去情况的推测。 She has gone to America. He can’t/couldn’t have seen her there. The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 4.情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时(have been doing):  表示对过去某段时间发生情况的推测。   Your mother must have been looking for you. (三)情态动词表推测时的反义疑问句 情态动词表推测时的反义疑问句和情态动词无关，与推测的时间和情态动词后的动词有关。 1.情态动词+动词原形: 用一般现在时反问：She can’t be at home now, isn’t she? 2.情态动词+动词现在进行时(be doing): 用对现在进行时反问： Tom must be sleeping now, isn’t he？ 3.情态动词+动词完成时(have done): 有明确表过去的时间状语（从句），用一般过去时反问；没有表过去的时间状语，用现在完成时形反问： You can't have been to Beijing before, have you? They must have been to the Great Wall, haven’t they? They must have been to the Great Wall last summer, weren't they？ It must have rained last night, didn't it? You must have been asleep when I phoned you, weren’t you? 实战演练 1. You must be a writer, _____you?  A. mustn't     B. are     C. must     D. aren't 2. ----Why! I couldn't get you on the phone this morning. ----We ________ tennis in the yard when you phoned. A. must be playing          B. could be playing C. must have played           D. must have been playing 3. You must have seen the film last night, ________ you? A. haven't         B. mustn't   C. didn't         D .hadn't 4. This ________ be a woman's bag. It must be a man's. A .needn't         B. can't   C. may not         D .mustn't 5.________it be John who did it?  A. Will         B. Can         C. Would         D. May 6. It rained every day during their holiday, so they ________a very nice time. A. wouldn't have had   B. couldn't  C. can't have had  D. shouldn't have 7. Peter ________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. must         B. may           C. can         D. will 8. Jenny must have won the match, ________? A. hasn't she         B. doesn't she   C. mustn't she         D. can't she 9. Mr. Zhuo must be working in the office, ________he? A. mustn't         B. can't   C. doesn't         D. isn't