Influenced Factors of Automobile Oil Consumption and Reduced Countermeasure of Oil Consumption

Influenced Factors of Automobile Oil Consumption and Reduced Countermeasure of Oil Consumption ZHUANG Zhong-da, BAI Er-peng (Beijing Forestry University,Beijing100083,china) Abstract: With the development of our country social economy and the improvement of people’s life, the car has gradually come into the tens of thousands of households and become necessary in people’s life. However, the world oil is less and less, to reduce oil consumption of automobile has become the urgent task. This thesis will briefly analyze the factors of oil consumption and put forward the countermeasures of reducing oil consumption. Key Words: automobile oil consumption countermeasure The level of automobile fuel consumption is the result of the comprehensive effect between internal factors and external environment. With the oil price rising in the world, to reduce automobile fuel consumption rate holds a great significance. Because China’s auto industry started relatively late, technology is comparatively backward compared to developed countries, and fuel consumption is very high. Therefore, to reduce fuel consumption and increase fuel economy have become the imminent task. While efforts have been put to improve the technology of fuel consumption in all the major car manufacturers, the external factors which impact the fuel consumption also play a vital role in. Therefore, to seek method of reducing fuel consumption has become key emphasis in work of automobile departments and enterprises in every country. 1 Influential factor 1.1 Advanced automobile technology The technology of automobile itself has a significant impact on fuel consumption. The fuel economy of modern automobile is much higher than the last century, which shows the importance of the technology of automobile. The technology which is relative with fuel consumption is omnifarious. The most important aspects include: the influence of engine, vehicle quality, vehicle transmission efficiency and great vehicle condition. 1.1.1The influence of engine For the same engine, in different speed or torque, fuel consumption is different. It has something to do with working temperature, design of suction/discharge channel, octane number, compression ratio, the level of carbon distribution in combustion chamber, intake and exhaust resistance. A car, equipped diesel engine, is more fuel-efficient than a car that is equipped gasoline engine, which is because the heating efficiency of the diesel engine is relatively high. A engine with high emission consume more oil than engine with low emission. Factors in evaluation of engine technology level include the ratio of engine power to the quality of car body and output per litre of engine. Consequently, a car with high emission is not always consuming more oil than car with low emission, which is relevant to their engine technology. 1.1.2 The influence of vehicle quality The weight of automobile plays an important role in fuel consumption. The weight of automobile impacts car’s rolling resistance, gradient resistance and acceleration resistance which have effect on fuel consumption. To diminish the weight of automobile can reduce fuel consumption effectively. 1.1.3 Vehicle transmission efficiency Transmission efficiency includes efficiency of speed changer and power train system. Speed changer is divided into manual and automatic. Although manual transmission has complex operation, without efficiency loss of hydro transmitter, it has lower fuel consumption. Based on past experience, a car equipped with automatic transmission consumes fuel 8% more than a car equipped with manual transmission. The higher transmission efficiency of power train system is, the less mechanical loss is and saving more fuel. Although biggish transmission output more motion, transmission efficiency is lower and economy is poor. So, the car gear can be enhanced when designing vehicle and the appropriate gear should be chose when driving. 1.1.4 The influence of vehicle condition With the auto mileage increasing, its performance changes at moments. Proper maintenance plays an important role in keeping the good performance of car and fuel economy. For example: the filter element of air cleaner should be replaced regularly, otherwise it will induce filter element to be too dirty, air mass to decrease, mixed fuel gas to be too thick and fuel consumption to increase. Automatic car does not hang in the neutral gear while in the brake, which makes the brake disc be in the fiction state for a long time, if things continue in this way, it will not only lead to the degradation of brake performance, but also lead to increment of fuel consumption. As a result, to keep vehicle in good condition is important for decreasing fuel consumption. 1.2 Well use condition The use conditions of automobile include road factor, environment factor and driving level. To create a good car driving environment and achieve the purpose of oil saving has become the important work of various countries’ scientific research workers. 1.2.1 The reasons of the road The design of the road should reduce the circles and improve the width, smoothness and slope of the road. Scientific and reasonable design of the road has the important effect on improving people’s driving efficiency and reducing the oil consumption. Reasonable traffic rules include the design of the road and the arrangement of traffic. For example: if a lot of traffic lights are set on the main road with their unreasonable open time of the neibouring roads, which will reduce the driving speed. Besides, the frequent start and brake will also increase the oil consumption; moreover, even though the traffic is smooth, the more the crossing and traffic lights are, the more the difficulty of achieving traffic flow, it will increase the whole oil consumption. 1.2.2 Environmental Factors Environmental factors include running speed, running temperature and wind power, etc. Running speed has a great impact on fuel consumption which is related to energy consumption eventually. Energy consumption mainly consists of several parts, such as the consumption caused by rolling resistance and wind drag, combustion efficiency of the engine, transmission efficiency as well as electrical equipment consumption. From the fuel consumption of one hundred kilometers at constant speed, we can see that energy consumption demonstrates a bathtub curve with the car speed. Constant speed fuel consumption remains lowest at economic speed, while low speed and high speed will increase fuel consumption with the change of speed. Running temperature includes Engine Coolant Temperature, oil temperature and hood temperature, etc. The engine characteristic curve was low when the temperature was too low or too high so as to increase energy consumption. The influence of wind comes largely from air resistance. When the car moves downwind, the friction is low in air and the oil consumption is low; when the car moves against the wind, the friction is high in air and the oil consumption is high. 1.2.3 Driver’s driving level Practice has proved, drivers with different driving level in the same road drive the same car, which makes small amplitude difference in fuel consumption. With the popularization of cars, non-professional driving personnel is more and more, their bad driving habits will lead to the increase of fuel consumption. 2 Method of saving oil 2.1Driving Operation At first, running speed should be kept reasonably. All the cars have an economic speed, at which speed the car drives, the oil consumption is the lowest, so the economic speed should be kept as far as possible. When the car is driving, the valve should be controlled at about 80 percent, the engine should be controlled to work fewer than 80 percent load. However, it depends on different driving circumstances. When running at the economic speed, the car oil consumes will be saved by 20-25 percent than high-speed running, and by about 5 percent than low-speed running. When the car is driving, it should be avoided to be speeded up or speed cut suddenly, because of the suddent speed-up, the oil will be cost one third than stable speed-up, that’s why the running speed should be kept smoothly and steadily. W e should pay attention to preheat the engine in order to make it warm when the cold car starts. Once the temperature rises by between 30-degrees and 40-degrees, the cold car can start. After starting, the driver is supposed to step slightly on the gas and increase the bumping block in proper order. During traveling, the temperature of the engine should be controlled in between 85% to 95% of its previous temperature. The common temperature of traveling is also one of the essential conditions to save the gas. Too high or too low temperature will give rise to the increase of fuel consumption. To reduce the possible idling while driving the car.Owing to the too slow idling speed of the engine, the possibility of the formation of the mixed gas will become difficult.And also the high density of the gas will lead to the increase of the oil.Therefore, you should put out the power when the car is about to stop for a long time. In addition, to keep clean inside the car can decrease the weight of the car in a way.Moreover, remove the unnecessary items from the car, and clean out the things used little in the chassis.What's more, do not place the things on the top of the car as much as possible, which can avoid the increase of the wind resistance and the use of oil. 2.2 car maintenance In the use of the car, its conditions change all the time, so does its performance. Therefore, the frequent check on the car can keep your car in good working condition. Poor technical condition and many vehicle failures have major influence on oil consumption. Strictly executing regulations for car maintenance is a prerequisite for saving the oil. Regularly checking on cylinder pressure. The pressure of cylinder can directly show the tightness of air cushion and the wear condition of piston, piston ring and oil thrower. Every part of the cylinder suffers frictional losses with the increases of travel distances, which worsens the combustion condition and adds the energy consumption. If the air pressure is found to be lower than 20% in the routine inspection, timely repairmen and replacement is necessary. Regularly changing the air filter . At present, most cars in the market still adopt dry-type filter which cannot be washed, if the air filter is too dirty, it will prevent the air admission and decrease the air inflow so that the compound of fuel oil and gas will be concentrated and the oil consumption of oil will be increased, Regularly changing the spark plug. If the spark plug is used for a long time without due replacement , carbon deposit will occurred inside, That will leads to the instable ignition quality of the machine and increases of energy consumption. Regularly checking on the ignition system. If the firing time is too late, it will lower the highest pressure in combustion and lead to more consumption. While too early firing time will results in detonation. Both will increase fuel consumption , so the ignition timing should be as exact as possible. Select the appropriate engine oil. Oil plays a role in lubrication, cleaning, etc. Therefore the type and quality of appropriate engine oil not only can reduce the loss of auto part, and to saving the gasoline has the important influence. If the temperature is too low, engine oil viscosity is oversized, will make the power of engine consumption increase at start-up. If the high temperature oil viscosity is too low, it will cause engine overheating, startup torque increase, increased oil loss. Therefore,it is vital to use high- quality and right-quantity of engine oil to saving the oil. To choose right type of tire, different tires have different influence in fuel oil consumption; for example, Radial tires can reduce the consumption. Therefore, to choose right tire depends on different road condition. Meanwhile, to keep rational air pressure is very important, because, lower air pressure makes much more contact are, finally, the more fuel oil consumption. And, it is dangerous of having a flat tire when the air pressure is too high. 3. Summary With the decline of the petrol and the raise of energy consumption, to realize the goal of energy-saving and emission reduction is the important task. V ehicle energy saving is a long-term and hard work, and the economical factors of influencing fuel oil are complicated, therefore, only when catch the key factor will oil saving succeed. To decrease the vehicle fuel contributes to protecting environment and saving the energy. It is a big deal which benefits country and people. Therefore, all of people should involve themselves into this task and contribute to their power. References [1] Analysis of factors influenced automobile oil consumption [J] agricultural technology and equipment [2] Thoughts of reducing automobile oil consumption [J] media surrounding [3] ‘Methods of saving oil’ in the process of driving [J] Applied Energy Technology [4] Discussion of external factors influenced automobile oil consumption [5] Four factors of influencing automobile oil consumption [J] Auto application