脚踝扭伤护理（Ankle sprain nursing）

脚踝扭伤护理（Ankle sprain nursing） 脚踝扭伤护理(Ankle sprain nursing) The leg is made up of the tibia and fibula, the anterior and the thick are the tibia, the back is the fibula, and the foot of the foot of the arch has a bone called the talus. The ankle joint is formed by riding the shin bone and the lower end of the fibula on the talus, commonly known as the foot and neck". The distal tibia inwardly projecting part is called the medial malleolus, the lower end of fibula protruding part is called the lateral malleolus. The ankle joint is loose before and after, and both sides are tight. The ankle is surrounded by ligaments, with deltoid ligaments on the inside and three independent ligaments on the outside. Because the lateral ligament is the medial ligament and the medial malleolus is weak, short, so prone to foot (arch toward the medial and lateral collateral ligament injury). When the ankle is bent, the talus is free of motion, but the talus can move slightly on both sides during the plantar flexion (lifting the heel), so that the ankle tends to have an varus twist in the plantar flexion. The incidence of ankle sprain in adolescents is higher, because students participate in more sports activities. If the activity is not fully prepared before, when prone to sprain; the way girls wearing high heels walking in the rugged, or when the stairs not concentrating, prone to plantarflexion varus, the lateral ligament suddenly stretch over, can cause a sprained ankle. A sprained ankle, a light ligament, a marathon or partial tear; a severe fracture of the ankle, subluxation of the ankle, or dislocation of the fracture. The sprained ankle, below or below the patient in front of pain, swelling and ecchymosis in acute stage. At this point, doing an varus will increase the pain and can cause pain without valgus. So what should I do when I sprained my ankle? Partial ligament tear and injury, varus angle increased, accompanied by severe pain. Acute period can be immersed in cold water within 24 hours, or with cold towel deposited on the affected area, every 10-20 minutes, 6 hours a time, can shrink the blood vessels, swelling, pain relief. After 24 hours, hot compress is needed to accelerate the local blood circulation, and the exudate in the interstitial space is absorbed as soon as possible so as to relieve the pain. If the ligament injury is serious, severe pain, available 4 cm wide three tape sticking from the ankle, medial leg 1/3, three strips are mutually overlapped, the overlapping parts of the width of approximately half of each tape, then around the leg stick three group tape, fixed effect, but to prevent sticking too tight, hinder the blood line. External bandage, fixed for 2-3 weeks. Ligament rupture, varus angle increased, subluxation, extreme varus foot, then touch the voids in the lower lateral malleolus. This kind of injury requires the doctor to reset it with a plaster cast. The wound is enough to reach the 90 degree position and the valgus position is 4-6 weeks. Most of the patients with repeated sprains were dislocated by improper early treatment. The patient with joint dislocation can wear a pack of shoes to protect the ankle, and raise the outside of the shoe by 1-1.5 cm, so that the foot remains valgus and prevents foot inversion. In addition, middle school students at puberty try not to wear high heels, usually do not run, slapstick, sports activities should be fully prepared before, in order to prevent ankle sprains. How do ankle sprain in? Ankle sprain is the most common disease of the whole body, and it is a very common clinical disease. Ankle sprain, especially the medial sprain of the lateral collateral ligament, tear or rupture. When walking and foot caikong or sprinting or falling from a height, the outer foot, foot suddenly closed, can cause the lateral ligament of ankle sprain and was drawing, or partial tear, can also be combined with lateral malleolus avulsion fracture. Ankle sprain when there is "Liebo" like tearing, swelling, pain, suffering from foot not weight-bearing, claudication, plantar foot before can not touch the ground. If only the injury of lateral collateral ligament edema, symptoms can be in 1 ~ 3 days away, if a torn ligament pain, joint instability, X ray can show whether the avulsion fracture of talus, inclination increases or dislocation phenomenon. Early treatment after ankle sprain is very important. It is better to stay in bed and take a turn when the ground is lower, so as to prevent the weight-bearing of ankle joint. It should not be premature and rest for more than two weeks. After injury should immediately use cold compress, avoid hot compress, also can not use local massage and other heavy techniques, That should support with fixed walking or crutches in the paste, 1 ~ 2 weeks after exercise muscle strength and coordination, jogging or walking in the sand on the inclined plane or concave convex jumps, and gradually enter the formal practice. 6., strengthen preventive measures. An important cause of the damage is the lack of self-protection awareness, no attention to preventive measures. Therefore, to fully prepare activities, improve facilities, cultivate and improve the ability of self-protection, improve the ankle muscle strength, and ankle stability and coordination, should wear protective support with practice. How often does ankle sprain appear on the outside? People in daily life, up and down the stairs, walk street, walk in the park, a little attention had missed the collision cascade, brick stump, easily sprained ankle. If there is a sprain, most of them appear in the lower part of the lateral malleolus, while the medial part is rare. What is the cause of this? This is due to the lateral malleolus longer than the medial malleolus, and prop up the lateral ankle and medial malleolus part has a strong ligament, called the tibial collateral ligament (also called the "triangle"), since the fan-shaped extends to the foot bone on the medial malleolus, tightly hold the ankle joint side. Both play a role at the same time, when the ankle twist, prevent ankle turn outward, but often make ankle over varus, then make relatively weak fibular collateral ligament laceration. This is why ankle sprains are more common in the lateral (that is, the fibular side). Another reason is the medial leg muscles of the foot control group such as tibialis anterior and posterior tibial muscle are more powerful, can stabilize the medial ankle, the valgus shift; on the contrary, the dominant lateral leg foot peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscle is relatively weak, in case of a sprain, it can not move firmly in control of lateral ankle stability, but were forced to stretch to excessive ankle varus sprain of ankle lateral. The lateral ankle sprain, the fibular collateral ligament hemorrhage, the lateral dorsum of foot and even below the hematoma and ecchymosis, local tenderness, check if will be passive to the foot varus, due to wounds involved and sense of pain, such as to a sprained lateral turn, pain is not obvious. It is not difficult to diagnose ankle sprain, but it must be excluded from the fracture of fibula and fibula which is often combined. If a fracture is suspected, a X - ray film is required. The treatment was mainly symptomatic. Fresh ice sprain can immediately, or to the local injection of coolant, to suppress bleeding swelling, and proper bandage. Fresh sprain, avoid massage, passive movement, walking immediately, which will aggravate local damage and bleeding. 1 ~ 2 days after local heating, infrared light irradiation, using short wave diathermy. 2~3 days later, you can practice walking, massage gently or passively. It takes about 1~2 weeks to heal, and a severe ligament tear can take a long time to recover. If you don't pay attention, you may have another sprain. Take the ankle sprain seriously Nearly 25 thousand Americans sprain their ankle every day, but few people notice the problem. When the foot is twisted improperly, it causes excessive extension and bending of the ankle's external ligaments Glenn Pfeffer plastic surgery experts in California say, people rely on ankle joint motion and ankle sprain. If not treated, may cause complications such as joint instability, joint pain or recurrent sprain. It is said that the best way to treat ankle sprains is to rest, freeze, oppress, and lift the ankle. If the condition is serious, bandage it around the joints, and the patient should do proper exercises to prevent the joints from becoming stiff Of course, it's better to guard against sprains. It's a good way to get ready for volleyball and tennis, and it's also a good idea to bandage your joints Ankle shoes are vulnerable to ankle injuries, Wen Wei Po, March 29, 2001 According to the British "times" 27 reported that a university in Australia latest research report, put on air cushion sneakers in sports, more likely to ankle joint injuries. A study of about 10 thousand basketball players showed that the odds of being injured were four to one compared with those who did not wear air cushioned shoes, the researchers said. Most of them hurt their ankles when they landed at the high jump. As soon as the results were published, they caused quite a stir in the sporting world and in the business world. Air cushion sports shoes manufacturer Nike spokesman immediately said in a speech, the company attaches great importance to the report. [disease] ankle sprain [introduction] ankle sprain is a kind of disease of ligament injury or rupture of ankle joint. It is a common disease of orthopedics and traumatology. It can happen at any age. Children in middle school age have more activity and have more morbidity. Modern medicine believes that ankle sprains are mostly walking, running, jumping, or down the stairs. In the downhill, the ankle plantar flexion position suddenly outwards or varus, and the lateral or medial collateral ligament is affected by strong tension, resulting in the loss of balance and coordination of ankle stability, and ankle sprain. The most common injury to the lateral malleolus. Chinese medicine believes that the disease is due to trauma and other factors, so that the ankle meridians damaged, Qi and blood run sluggish, meridian obstruction, qi stagnation and blood stasis. Common symptoms are obvious, ankle swelling and pain, not a wound, there was tenderness, subcutaneous blood stasis. As the lateral ligament sprain, obvious pain is strephenopodia; medial ligament sprain, obvious pain is strephexopodia when. If the ligament tear, there may be internal, valgus deformity, hematoma. Massage method, massage method two, life recuperation Massage method one 1. commonly used techniques (1) in the supine position, with the thumb rubbing, parents Qiuxu Taixi, Kunlun, Shen Mai, Yanglingquan, from light to heavy, operation of each acupoint for half a minute. (2) parents in one hand and a fixed foot, another hand thenar focus, to rub gently ease in the ankle, the time is 2 ~ 5 minutes. (3) the parents holding a foot, the other hand holding the heel and the thumb on the wound, his hands slightly downward traction, while mild varus and valgus. Time is 1~3 minutes. (4) the parents hold the heels in one hand, and hold the sole of the foot in one hand. At the same time, the ankle is stretched back as far as possible, and then the ring is turned. Time is 1~3 minutes. (5) parents with thumb and the remaining four fingers relative force, from top to bottom, repeated massage for 1~3 minutes, and then two palms relatively hard. Rub your legs for 1 minutes. Massage method two 1. commonly used techniques (1) children with parents to supine, thenar graze injury, to the degree of heat penetration. (2) with the thumb, in the injured part of the soft kneading massage treatment, the time is 1~3 minutes. (3) children seat, parents hand hold by the lateral heel, ligament injury of the thumb to press, the other hand holding the plantar, with up to 1 minutes. (4) parents hold hands to the feet, pull the foot under the pull of the foot, and then back flexion, while the thumb downward, push the ligament injury site, so that children can tolerate the degree, so repeated operation 5~8 times. (5) the parents of both hands with relative force from the knee down to the ankle, rub around. The redness of diathermy. Time is 2~5 minutes. Life adjustment (1) severe sprain of the ankle should be taken to the hospital for X examination to remove the fracture and dislocation. If a fracture is found, the doctor should be treated immediately. (2) in the acute period of ankle sprain, the technique should be gentle and mild, so as not to aggravate the injury bleeding, and don't use hot compress at the same time. (3) in the recovery period, the method is appropriately increased, while the local hot compress or the Chinese herbal medicine for promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals can be used, and the satisfactory curative effect can be obtained frequently. (4) attention should be paid to local cold and warm. (5) in the early sprain, more severe people should brake, according to the condition to give proper fixation, 1~2 weeks after the lifting of fixed, functional exercise. Under the action of external force, when the joint suddenly moves to one side and exceeds its normal activity, the soft tissues such as articular capsule, ligament and tendon are torn, which is called joint sprain. Light person only has partial ligament fiber to tear, the person that weigh can make ligament breaks completely, or the bone that ligament and joint bursa attachment place rips off, even occurrence articulatory dislocation. The most common symptoms of joint sprain are ankle joint, knee joint and wrist joint. First, anatomical outline, damage reason and pathology The ankle includes the ankle joint and the inferior joint of the talus. It is the weight-bearing joint of the lower limb. The former consists of the lower end of the tibia and fibula and the talus body, the latter being composed of the talus below and the calcaneus. The lower end of the tibia and fibula has an internal and external ankle joint and a lateral collateral ligament, which makes the ankle joint fairly stable. Have the strength of the deltoid ligament and medial malleolus peroneal before and after ligament, the ligament is relatively weak, to limit the foot varus activity. The strength of varus or valgus excessive activities, such as walking on uneven pavement, lost or run under high ground instability, can cause the lateral or medial ligament injury, partial or complete tear or avulsion fracture. Such as improper early treatment, excessive relaxation of ligaments, can cause ankle instability, easily lead to repeated sprains, and even joint cartilage damage, traumatic arthritis, seriously affecting walking function. Rupture of lateral ligament, medial ligament rupture, lateral ligament avulsion fracture, medial ligament avulsion fracture Two 、 clinical manifestation and diagnosis 1. lateral ligament injuries Caused by strong inversion of the foot. For a long medial and lateral ligaments of lateral malleolus is weak, the strephenopodia activity is larger, the lateral ligament injury is common in clinic. The lateral ligament tear, more see, its clinical manifestation is lateral ankle pain, swelling, walking limp; sometimes visible subcutaneous blood stasis; parts of the lateral ligament tenderness; varus, pain caused by lateral ligament part increased. The lateral ligament ruptures completely: less often, local symptoms are more pronounced. Abnormal varus motion can occur because of the loss of lateral ligament control. Sometimes a piece of bone with lateral ligament avulsion, called avulsion fracture. Varus tilt the normal range of photo films, far more than 5-10 degrees Cuo festival in the tibia injury side, widened joint space. X-ray examination revealed avulsion of bone. 2. medial ligament injuries Caused by valgus force of the foot fabric, less occurs. Its clinical manifestations were similar to those of lateral ligament injuries, but the position and direction were reversed. It shows pain, swelling, tenderness and valgus foot when the medial ligament is painful. It may also cause avulsion fracture of the medial ligament. Three, treatment The medial ligament of ankle injury, light, bandage, adhesive tape fixed on bit of overkill If the lateral ligament injury is lighter and the ankle joint stability is normal, early may raise the affected limb, the cold compress, can alleviate the pain and can reduce the hemorrhage, the swelling. Available 2-3 days after physiotherapy, closed, with Xiaozhongzhitong stasis, proper rest, and pay attention to the protection of the ankle (such as wearing high boots etc.). If the injury is heavy, can 5-7 a 2.5 cm wide tape from medial leg 1/3 after medial and lateral paste in the middle of the lateral lower leg, plaster bandage for external use. Keep the foot in an valgus position and loosen the ligament so that it heals for about 3 weeks. If the medial ligament injury, bandage fixed position opposite. If the symptoms are severe, or ligament rupture or avulsion fracture with short leg plaster boots fixed foot, so as to keep the "overkill" position, about 4-6 weeks. Rubber pads or other wearable material can be placed on the bottom of the plaster boots for walking. If the fracture of the ankle is larger and the reduction is bad, open reduction and internal fixation should be performed. Ankle ligament damage, heavy legs, plaster, foot with rubber pad The rupture of the old lateral ligament or the repeated sprain of the lateral ligament leads to instability of the joint, and the reconstruction of the lateral ligament with the short peroneal tendon is considered. After the joint sprain, should promptly handle, the principle is the brake and the detumescence, disperses the blood stasis, causes the damage organization to obtain the good repair. Hemarthrosis was more, should be in the aseptic technology drawn out in time, lest after intra-articular adhesions. Rupture of the ligament or avulsion fracture, which affects the stability of the joint, requires surgical reduction and repair so as to avoid repeated sprain, articular cartilage damage and traumatic arthritis. How to treat ankle sprain 1. For mild ankle sprains, cold compresses should be applied immediately after sprains. To reduce the formation of haematoma. At the same time, it can be applied externally to invigorate blood circulation and remove blood stasis. This can reduce swelling and reduce pain. Generally 10 - 14 days will heal. 2, ankle injury is heavier, cause ligament serious injury, should go to a hospital to see a doctor. Then use a wide cloth to fix. The fixation time is usually 2 to 3 weeks. 3, severe ankle sprains cause ligament rupture or ankle subluxation, should be fixed with plaster fixation in 90o position and valgus position. Generally fixed 4 - 6 weeks, after the plaster to actively exercise ankle joint activities. Self diagnosis and treatment of ankle injuries My friend accidentally sprained his ankle when he came downstairs. May I ask the expert how to diagnose and treat ankle injuries in daily life? Reader Liu Yaoming Ankle joint injury is a common disease in the clinic. It is caused by unbalanced gravity of the foot when people walk or run on the uneven road, or on the downhill or down stairs. In daily life, habits of injured patients with hot water or hot towel wash affected area, or by rubbing alcohol Huanbu, some people think that is wrong, insist on running and operation, it will not only aggravate the symptoms, but also delayed treatment. Ankle injury, first of all should be self judgment, is a soft tissue sprain or fracture? Sprain, injured after her pain, activity limitation, can not walk or barely walk, with the ankle swelling; after ankle injury swelling, pain, and ankle tenderness, smell and bone fricative, dysfunction, and even deformity is ankle fracture. In treatment, to avoid sprains, continue to load or work, we should adopt the self Shujin manipulation, the ankle slowly stretch, then do dorsiflexion, varus and valgus movements, but do not use local rubbing technique; significant swelling, can be soaked in cold water or ice into a plastic towel the bag for external application, 3 minutes for 1 times, for 30 minutes, vasoconstriction, relieve local congestion, reduce the tissue temperature, stop bleeding, antipyretic and analgesic effects. On acute sprain, as cold as early as possible, sprain after 24 hours, should use hot compress therapy, with warm water or hot towel soaked in vinegar in the injury, 30 minutes, every 1 ~ 2 times, can improve blood and lymph circulation, to wound congestion and exudation absorption. For fracture patients should be immediately to the hospital department of orthopedics for examination and shooting, so as to diagnose and correct treatment. Department of orthopedics, central hospital doctor [overview] Ankle sprain is more common, especially the lateral collateral ligament injury. Caused by indirect external force. If you travel, step into the recess, make the ankle suddenly varus, adduction, you can damage the lateral collateral ligament, serious can be combined with ankle fracture. The treatment is not timely or not complete, after repeated sprains, so that the influence of joint function. [symptom] 1. sudden varus or valgus sprain of foot. The 2. part pain, swelling, blood stasis and tenderness, make the foot turn to the side of the healthy side, the side pain is aggravating. [diagnosis basis] 1. has a significant history of sprain. 2., local pain, swelling, tenderness, limited motion. 3. X ray film showed the subluxation of ankle joint or accompanied by fracture. [principles of treatment] 1. incomplete fracture, local brake, symptomatic treatment. 2., complete fracture, or combined with avulsion fracture, ankle subluxation, early surgical treatment. [efficacy evaluation] 1. cure: painless, joint stability, complete or basic recovery. 2., improve: more activities, mild swelling and pain, joint stability, the basic function of recovery. 3.: there are still not pain, joint instability, limited function. [expert tips] Ankle sprain, serious can be combined with fracture and ankle subluxation. At the same time, the treatment of ligament injury is not timely or not completely repeated lead after sprain. Therefore, ankle sprain, should go to the hospital looking for Department of orthopedics doctor, timely diagnosis and treatment, thorough treatment. To avoid misdiagnosis or misdiagnosis, affect the treatment effect. I heard that ankle sprains can be as serious as fractures, don't they? In some cases, it may be. A sprain is usually a torn or torn ligament, and ankle injuries can be light and heavy depending on which ligaments are damaged. Located in the anterior lateral ankle ligament (anterior ankle ligament injury), generally only a slight sprain. Symptoms include less severe pain, tenderness and bruising, and ankle flexion. Treatment of mild sprain is relatively simple: use cold compress to relieve the pain and swelling, and then taped, as far as possible to rest for a few days. Full recovery may need three weeks. If the anterior ankle ligament is torn together with other ankle ligament injuries, it usually results in severe sprain. The ankle holds the weight, and these ligaments play an essential stabilizing role. In this case, the more severe swelling and pain, and may both before and after the ankle joint swelling and pain, any activities that are very difficult to walk or ankle. In fact, a severe sprain may like fracture, the deprivation of activity, the wound must often cast to heal. After removing the plaster, it is important to begin the gradual exercise program immediately, stretching and restoring the range of motion. Finally we should do to enhance physical exercise, restore joint flexibility, and help prevent further damage. Some people say there is a "unreliable ankle," what the hell is going on? It refers to the ankle ligament injury prone links under pressure, usually due to ligament injury past not thoroughly cure. Bandage ankle sprain, help prevent again; shoes with a thick shoes, but also help to reduce the ankle injury that may be distorted. Acupuncture treatment of ankle sprain Sports venues uneven, walking down the stairs or walk, suddenly fall to the slope lateral malleolus injury, ligament injury after local exudation of nerve stimulation caused by pain and disability, called ankle injury. Chinese medicine believes that after ankle injury, because the blood from the meridians, causing swelling and pain. Most of the patients had a clear history of acute sprain, pain, swelling of the ankles, blue or purple skin, joint movement disorder, difficulty walking. Such as local sharp pain, accompanied by ankle abnormalities or abnormal activities, should consider the fracture, as soon as possible to the hospital. Ankle sprain is a common disease. Massage therapy can relieve pain and resume walking function easily and quickly, and relieve pain for yourself or family and friends. The specific method is: the patient supine or sitting, doctors performed rubbing in the ankle, first come from around the affected part, then from the lateral malleolus, lateral leg to the Yanglingquan, focus on Qiuxu, juegu, Yanglingquan point three. Then use the thumb push department, but also from the local to push around, in order to invigorate the blood and dissipate stasis. After the treatment of these techniques, the local sensation of fever and the pain will be relieved, and then the key technique can be achieved: the extension of the ankle joint and minor internal and external rotation. Stretching, i.e. traction or traction, the disease in the operation is: one hand to hold the foot, ankle joint is fixed, the other hand hold moderate Huanbu, slowly traction and small amplitude rotating, action to mitigate, avoid using explosive force. Then according to Qiuxu and GB34 to soreness for the degree of self-sufficiency and with a method of rubbing back by ankle to the leg, the affected part with wet compress. Attention should be paid to the operation and nursing: 1, for large peidnoma local, not immediately applied techniques and hot compress, should be cold, in 24 hours before treatment; 2, treatment should be gentle; 3. The affected part should be properly fixed to prevent the feet from falling back and back; 4, partial warmth; 5, when the rest of the ankle placed higher than the breech, conducive to the swelling. How to treat ankle sprain patient? 1, usually within 24 hours after the sprain, local cold water or alcohol cold compress, in order to promote hemostasis, reduce the formation and pain of hematoma. 24~48 hours after the hot compress can be carried out to improve blood circulation. 2. Sprain your ankle, And sober do not prematurely, avoid impeding their rehabilitation. Generally to 7~10 days, the sprain after basically improved, can gradually begin to walk. When sleeping, the foot can be pillow high, in order to reduce swelling. 3, walking should pay attention to the height of the road, when the light is bad, should be more careful, downhill down, feet plantar flexion angle should not be too big, to prevent sprains