纺织服装外贸第一章英文

Chapter1Introduction1.1WhatarewegoingtolearnnegotiationInternationaltradeisfinalizedmakingcontractthroughsuchbusinessstagesfulfillingsalescontractContractincluding: Title; Preamble: Nameofcommodity; Qualityclause: Quantityclause: Priceclause: Packingclause: Insuranceclause: Shipmentanddeliveryclause: Paymentclause: Claimclause: Forcemajeure(不可抗力)clause; Applicablelaws; Breachandcancellationofcontractclause: Miscellaneousclause(其他杂项); Witnessclause:1.2WhatisinternationaltradeDefinitions:1.Traditionaldefinition:anexchangeofgoodsbetweencountriesorregions. 2.Newdefinition:anexchangeofgoods、technology、serviceor/andlabourbetweendifferentcountriesorregions.1.3WhatarecharacteristicsofinternationaltradeingoodsInternationaltradeismorelikelytobeaffectedbytheforeigntradepolicy,trademeasuresandforeignexchangecontrolofthecountriesconcerned.Worldtradeinvolvestheproblemofapplicationofrelatedtradelawandregulationsofdifferentcountrieswhichgivesrisetothediscrepanciesandconflictsbetweentwolegalsystemsandpractices.Thereexistsinevitablygreaterriskinworldtrade.Theturbulenceofinternationalsituationandthechangeofmarketconditionsoftenresultintradedisputes.1.4Basicconceptsofinternationaltrade1.4.1Exportandimport Export:transportproductsmanufacturedorprocessedinonecountryincludinglabourservicestoforeigncountriesforsale. Import:oppositetoexport Re-export:animportermayimportsomegoodsandthen,withoutanyprocessingoftheimportedgoodsexportthemagain. Re-import:theexportedgoodsareimportedagainwithoutanyprocessinginforeigncountries.1.4.2Valueofforeigntradeandquantumofforeigntrade1.Valueofforeigntrade:animportantindextoshowbymeansofthecurrencyofacountrythetotalvalueoftradeinagivenperiod. 2.Quantumofforeigntrade:reflectsbymeansofconstantpricethedevelopmentofforeigntradewithoutconsiderationofinflation. 　 1.4.3BalanceoftradeDefinition:balanceoftradeindicatesthebalancebetweentheexportvalueandtheimportvalueinagivenperiod.1.4.4Classificationofinternationaltrade1.4.4.1exporttrade,importtradeandtransittradeExporttrade:Importtrade:Transittrade:transittradeemphasizesthenecessityofthepassageofgoodsthroughathirdcountryforthepurposeoftransportingthemfromthemanufacturingcountry(exportingcountry)totheconsumingcountry(importingcountry)1.4.4.2TangibletradeandintangibletradeTangibletradeVisibletradeTradeingoodsIntangibletradeInvisibletradeTradeinservices&tradeintechnology1.4.4.3DirectandindirecttradeandentrepottradeDirecttrade:withoutanytransshipmentviaanothercountry.Indirecttrade:atradebetweenanexportingcountryandanimportingcountryisexecutedindirectlythroughathirdcountry(i.etransittrade)Entrepottrade:atradeisconductednotdirectlybetweenanexportingcountryandimportingcountry,butviaathirdcountry.1.5Whatarethebasicproceduresofexportbusinesspreparationofexportnegotiationofterms&conditionsfortheformationofcontractfulfillmentofcontract1.5.1PreparationforexportMarketsurveyPricingAdvertisingContactingclient1.MarketsurveyCollectsomerelatedinfo.abouttheinternationalmarketsoastostudyandpredictitsfuturemovement.Focuseson:political,economicconditions,foreignpolicy,tradepolicy,style,price,etc2.Pricing:ismadeonthebasisofmarketsurvey.determinedby:thedemandofthetargetmarket;theadvantageanddisadvantageofexportinggoods;cost3.AdversitisingMeans:newspaper,magazines,TV,radio,brochure,etc4.Contactclients:1.5.2Negotiationoftermsandconditionsfortheformationofcontractforexportbusinessletterstelexes,cablefaxese-mailInquiry,offer,counter-offer,acceptance1.5.3FulfillmentofcontractPreparationofgoods:quality,quantity,packing,allthecertifications(certificateoforigin,certificateofquantity,certificateofquality,etc)Shipment:commercialinvoices,billofladings,insurancepolicies,otherdocumentsasrequiredbyL/C,etcPayment:i.e.L/C1.6Whataretheproceduresofimport1.7WhatarethegeneralcontentsofaninternationalcontractforsaleofgoodsAbandonment：索赔/权利的放弃Absoluteadvantage:绝对成本Acceptance:承兑票据AcceptanceL/C:承兑信用证Accepteddraft:已承兑汇票Acceptingbank:承兑银行Acceptor:承兑人Accountnumber:帐户编号Accountspayable:应收账款Accountsreceivable:已收账款ActofGod:不可抗力Advaloremduty:从价税Aircargo:空运货物Allowance:折让、折扣、减价Antidumpingduties:反倾销税Assessment:财产评估，估价Directinvestment:直接投资Exporttaxrebates：出口退税Thehostcountry：东道国self-sufficient：自给自足Internationalpayment：国际收支Export-driveneconomicgrowth：出口型经济增长