初中英语被动语态讲解
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态
表
关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成
英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致,并有时态的变化。例如:The man was fooled by the two boys. The book has been translated into several languages.
二、被动语态的用法
(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如:
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.
(2)当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动
语态。例如:
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday. (3)含有双宾语的句子,主动句中的间接宾语
或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语,
另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直
接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。
例如:The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some
advice(直接宾语)
→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. →Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
例如:The boss made them work ten hours a day. →They were made to work ten hours a day.
A boy saw him enter the house. →He was t seen to enter the house.
三、被动语态的时态
初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
一般现在时构成:助动词be + 动词的过去分词例如:This kind of car is made in shanghai. 一般过去时构成:助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词例如:The bridge was built in 1992. 现在进行时构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词例如:A new bridge is being built in my hometown.
过去进行时构成:was/were + being + 动词的过去分词
一般将来时构成:will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词例如:These books are going to be posted tomorrow.
过去将来时构成:would/was(were )going to do + be + 动词的过去分词
现在完成时构成:助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词例如:Has his work been finished?
过去完成时构成:助动词had + been + 动词的过去分词
带有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词must can should could may shall + be + 动词的过去分词例如:Can this walkman (随身听) be repaired here?
主动语态改为被动语态的步骤:
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语;
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态;
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语时,转换方法有两种:
①把间接宾语转化为主语,保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语,保留间接宾语。此时,一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词(通常是介词for或to)。
在短语see sb. do sth. 中,动词see后跟不带to 的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear,watch,find等,以及使役动词make, let 等。
第三节巩固练习
Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1、We often use a recorder in our English class.
A recorder is often used in our English class.
2 They will show a new film next week.
A new film will be shown by then next week.
浙公网安备 33021202002483