第1次课14jc杨翊涵、杨翊杰过去完成时态讲义(学生用)——孙沙沙

环球雅思学科教师辅导讲义 讲义编号： 13JCYY        学员编号： 年 级：八年级 课时数： 3 学员姓名：杨翊涵、杨翊杰 辅导科目：英 语 学科教师：孙沙沙   课 题 过去完成时态   授课日期 及时段 2014年 8 月 18日 17 :00 — 19 :00   教学目的 1.复习现在完成时态的用法。 2.掌握过去完成时态的用法。   教学内容 第一模块（现在完成时态） 一、定义 用来 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系，即动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在；.也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里。 I have had my lunch. --我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿。 He has learned English since 2001. --从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢。 二、构成 三、句型结构： 肯定句：主语+ +其他 否定句：主语+ +其他 has+ not = hasn’t have+ not = haven’t 一般疑问句：have/has +主语 +done+其他？ 回答： Yes , …have/has. No, …hasn’t/ haven’t. 特殊疑问句：疑问代词/副词+一般疑问句语序 四、现在完成时的主要用法： 用法1：强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响 （既涉及过去，又联系现在） -- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑) -- Are you free? --I . I am free. (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空) 用法2：表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。 Eg:我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 她已经游泳了半个小时。 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游) 用法3：表示曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。 the Summer Palace? (你曾去过颐和园吗?) I have never driven a car. (我从开未过汽车。) 用法4：现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time…，It’s the first time …连用。 这是他第一次开车。 用法5：现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最…的。 It’s 这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。 五、现在完成时的常用标志性词 （一）for+一段时间，since+过去时间，表示从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。 注意: 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here? （二）just, lately, recently是完成时的时间状语，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。 just表示“刚刚”，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间 He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作 （三）in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间状语；in the past意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. 过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。 Where did you work in the past? 你过去在哪里工作？ （四） before泛指“以前”时，可用于现在完成时中；ago表示“现在的一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的时间状语 I’ve never been to Japan before. 我以前没去过日本。 She went to Japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本。 （五）ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。 ” 你曾经看过这部影片吗？ No. I have never seen it. 没有， 从来没看过。 （六）already和yet常见于现在完成时中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。 Has the bus left yet? 汽车开走了吗？ Yes. It has already left.” 是的，已经开走了。 No. It hasn’t left yet. 不 ，还没有开走。 注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末. I have already done my homework. 否定句: I 一般疑问句: Have ? （七）so far(到目前为止) 也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。 So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. 到目前为止， 还没有人到月球以外旅行。 六、短暂性动词和延续性动词转换： 现在完成时态中和表示一段时间的状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。 如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。 I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? 附：常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. →have been in sw./at…相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back 3. have come/gone out →have been out 4. have become → have been 5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open 6. have got up → have been up； 7. have died → have been dead； 8. have left sw. → have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over； 11. have married → have been married； 12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ； 13. have begun → have been on 14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had 15. have lost → haven’t had 16. have put on →have worn 17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold； 18. have got to know → have known 19. have/has gone to → have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army →have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier… 七、注意事项 1. have been to 和have gone to的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”） have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如： —Where’s your mother? —你妈妈在哪？ — . —她去医院了。 2. have been to 和have been in的区别 have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。 eg. ① She has been to Shanghai only once. ②—How many times has he been there? —He’s been there many times. have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 e g. ①They have been at the bus stop for half an hour. 他们在车站呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站） ②We 我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安） ③How long have they been in China? 他们在中国呆了多长时间 了？（仍在中国） 练习 [单项选择] （ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______what's happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know （ ）2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already B. never C. ever D. still （ ）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago （ ）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written （ ）5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ______. A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better （ ）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying （ ）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew （ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see （ ）9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really? When _____ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone （ ）10、—______ you ___ your homework yet? —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish （ ）11、His father ______ the club since 1988. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in （ ）12、—Do you know her well? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made （ ）13、—How long have you ____ here? —About seven years. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived （ ）14、Hurry up! The program __________ for five minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began （ ）15、It _____ ten years since he came Chengdu. A. is B. has C. will D. was （ ）16、Miss Green isn't in the office. She _______ to the library. A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been （ ）17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been （ ）18、He ________ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up （ ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had （ ）20、His grandparents ______ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 第二模块（过去完成时） 一、定义： 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 构成：过去完成时由“ + ”构成，其中 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 基本形式：过去完成时由had＋过去分词构成，因此无人称变化。 肯定式：I had worked. 否定式; 疑问式： 否定疑问式：had I not/hadn't I worked等 三、过去完成时的判断依据： 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1） by + 过去的时间点，意为 Eg :I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （2）by the end of + 过去的时间点。 Eg：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3） before + 过去的时间点。 Eg：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 四、过去完成时的主要用法: 1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。 （主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still等连用。 2）用在 "It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中 在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用 时。 This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是39年里他们第一次见面。 这是我们第一次在一起说话。 五、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 ： 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关， 其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”； 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 试比较： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语 单词 英语单词 下载七年级上册英语单词表下载英语单词表下载深圳小学英语单词表 下载高中英语单词 下载 。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个 英语单词 七年级上册英语单词表高考英语单词3500记忆高中3500个英语单词表七年级下册英语单词表小学六年级英语单词表 。 — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。 （“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） — John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 — Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？ （答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”） 6、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别： 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 试比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone 解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 "。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。 2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink. A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D.would enjoy 解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。 3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months. A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D.had gone to 解析："小培说她去了海南三个月 "。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B. 时态综合题： １--What are Mr and Mrs Black doing ? ---They _____ tea in the garden. A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink 2. My mother often asks me _____early . A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up 3. Soon Wu Dong ____ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck. A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought 4. The car ____and stopped at the red traffic light. A. got on B. got off C. slowed down D. picked up 5. Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 6. ---Do you know ______? ---Sorry, but if he _____ back, I ____ you know as soon as possible. A. when will he be back, comes, will let B. when he will be back, will come, will let C. what time will he be back, will come, let D. what time he will be back, comes, will let We ____ to the park if it is fine tomorrow. A. will go B. have gone C. go 8. A new shoe factory will ______ in this part of the city. A. be building B. be built C. build 9. ---______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. ---Ok, Mom. A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away 10. --- How about going hiking this weekend? --- Sorry, I prefer ____ rather than _____. A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home 一、选择最佳答案填空(动词及搭配)： 1. A policeman saw two thieves ______a girl's mobile phone on the bus and hecaught them at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen 2. The Chinese pingpong players will join in the match.Let's ______them success. A. wish B.to wish C.hope D.to hope 3. He is so careless that he always ______his school things at home. A. forgets B.forgot C.leaves D.left 4. ----Who ______the computer? I want to use it. ----Timmy. He ______ it for a week. A. borrowed, has borrowed B.has borrowed, bought C.has borrowed, has kept D.bought, has borrowed 5. Look! One of the girls ______the door. A. cleans B.is cleaning C.clean D.are cleaning If you don't feel well, you may just ______. A.stopped reading B.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read 7. ----Where can we get a baseball? ----Let's ______. lend Jim one B.lend one to Jim C.borrow one from Jim D.borrow one of Jim 8. ----My model ship doesn't work. ----Don't worry. I'll have it ______this afternoon. repairing B.made C.repaired D.mend You ______wash your hands before meals. A. need B.must C.can D.may Will you ______the light? It's dark in the room. A. get on B.get off C.trun on D.turn off My name is Zhang Mingjian. You may ______me Zhang Mingjian or Mr Zhang. A. ask B.say C.tell D.call 12. There is going to ______a game in our school this afternoon. A. has B.have C.be D.are 13. You'd better______smoking. It's bad for your health. A. eat up B.give up C.come up D.get up 14. ----How do you like this book? ----I think it has nothing to______with our study. A. make B.do C.take D.hold 15. ----Where is Mr Brown? I have some questions to ask him. ----He ______the office. A. has been to B.has been in C.has gone to D.has gone in 第三模块（作业） 单选： (1)The police found that the house _______and a lot of things_________. A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolen C. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen ( )(2)By the end of this century, we__ ours into a strong modern country. A. will build B. had built C. have built D. will have built ( )(3)We _________the work by six yesterday evening. A. finished B.would finish C. had finished D. had been finished ( )(4)I _________to help you but couldn’t get here in time. A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting ( )(5) Mrs. Wu told me that her sister___________. A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours before C. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before ( ) (6)When I reached home, my parents __________their supper. A.are having B.have already had C.have had D. had already had ( ) (7)It seems that the old man _________something important. A.has lost B. had lost C. lost D. would lose ( ) (8)She __________in this school ________the past ten years. A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, since C.would teach, for D. has been teaching, for ) (9)Did you see Xiao Li at the party? No, ______by the time I arrived. A. she’d left B. she's left C. She was left D. she must leave ( )(10)The job proved to be much more difficult than I______. A. expect B.expected C. would expect D.had expected ( ) (11)We couldn’t catch up with the others because they _____too long before us. A.started B.were starting C.have started D.had started ( ) (12)She felt anxious about her son as she ________for quite a long time. A.haven't heard him B. hadn’t heard him C.haven‘t heard from him D. hadn’t heard from him ( ) (13)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners_______. A. had seated B. were seated C. seated D. were seating ( ) (14)By the end of next July this building__________. A. will be finished B. will have finished C. will have been finished D. had been finished ( ) (15)By the time the war ____, most of the people had left. A.was began B. was broken out C.broke out D. had been broken out ( ) (16)If she ______harder, she would have succeeded. A. had worked B. have worked C. should work D. worked ( ) (17)I wish ______I you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see ( )(18)He is talking so much about America as if he _______ there. A. had been B.has been C. was D. been ( ) (19)That dinner was the most expensive meal we___. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had ( )(20)When Jack arrived he learned Mary ______for almost an hour. A. had gone B. had set of C. had left D. had been away 阅读： A Tea bag drinking is most Westerns’ favorite way of drinking tea. Do you know how it came about? The tea bag was invented in 1908 by Thomas Sullivan, an American tea seller. He was sending out free tea in silk (丝绸) bags for people to try. People put the bags together with the tea leaves into the cup and added hot water. The tea tasted good, and people thought it was easy to clean the cup. They were not happy when Sullivan started sending them loose (散的) tea again. Sullivan realized that he had a hot new thing in his hands, and he built a machine to pack the bags. As tea bags became popular, they were changed from silk to gauze (薄纱) and later paper. In 1952, Lipton Tea made the tea bag even more popular with its invention of the four-sided tea bag. Tea bags were soon a hit in the UK, and today 85% of the tea in the UK is packed in paper bags. However, many people still prefer loose-leaf tea. This is because some tea companies put not very good tea in their tea bags. But for most drinkers, tea bags are still the easy, tasty way to go. 1. Who invented the tea bag? A. An English tea seller. B. Chinese. C. Lipton. D. Thomas Sullivan. 2. The tea in silk bags was welcome because ________. A. the tea in bags was free and very good B. the tea tasted good and the cup was easy to wash C. people were happy with the loose tea D. people didn’t know any better way to enjoy the tea 3. The material of the tea bags is usually __________ now. A. silk B. gauze C. paper D. plastic 4. The underlined sentence “Tea bags were soon a hit in the UK” probably means “________ in the UK”. A. Tea bags soon became popular B. Tea bags surprised everyone very much C. Tea bags kicked (踢) the loose-leaf tea out of the market D. Tea bags weren’t allowed to be sold 5. The reading mainly talks about ___________. A. the invention of tea B. the way of drinking tea C. the history of tea bags D. people’s favorite tea in the world B If we want to deal with the association(社交) between boys and girls properly, here are some “dos and don’ts” for you to follow. Keep a normal and healthy state of mind. Our schools and classes are made up of boys and girls. It is very nature for the boys and girls to make friends with each other. We should make as many friends as possible. We should keep touch with the other sex(性别) in public instead of in secret. Don’t be too nervous or too shy. If you are a shy person, you can also find a way out. First of all, you can make friends with the students who have the same interest and hobby as you. As both of you have much in common, you may have much to talk about. If you keep doing like that, little by little, you will gladly find you are also as free to express yourself as others. Don’t fall into the ditch of early love. The boys and girls at a adolescence (青春期) are rich in feeling. They are easy to regard the friendship as a sign of love and fall in love with each other at an early age. In my opinion, early love is a green apple that can’t be eaten. An apple won’t taste sweet until it is full ripe. Boys and girls at middle school are too young to carry the heavy duty of love. Do keep out of early love. ( ) 1. The main idea of the passage is to _______. A. tell students to keep away from early love B. give some advice on how to associate between boys and girls C. tell students how to make friends D. teach boys how to talk with girls ( ) 2. We should keep touch with the other sex in following ways EXCEPT _______. A. with a good state of mind B. in real friendship C. in public D. in secret ( ) 3. If you are a shy person, you can ________. A. find friends with the same interest and hobby first B. only have a few friends of the same sex C. not make friends with the other sex D. not fall in love with other students easily ( ) 4. What does the underlined word “ditch” mean? A. 波浪 B. 泥潭 C. 圈套 D. 迷惑 ( ) 5. A person at adolescence is ________. A. complicated(复杂的)in feelings B. good at making friends with each other C. old enough to fall in love D. easy to regard the friendship as a sign of love