现在分词短语作状语

Unit 2  Book Three Section A  Iron and the Effects of Exercise Teaching Objectives After learning this unit, Ss are supposed to be able to l understand the importance of iron and the effects of exercise. l find out ways to have iron deficiencies and ways to remedy iron deficiencies. l grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the texts in Section A and B . l learn to write a paragraph of cause and effect. l improve their reading skill---- distinguishing between facts and opinions. l conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities. Time Allotment 1st and 2nd period------ Pre-reading Activites 3rd and 4th period------While-reading Activites 5th and 6th period -----Post-reading Activites and Section B 7th and 8th period------Listening and Speaking Teaching Contents I. Important Points A. Key words and phrases: Section A: moderate, consume, respectively, restrict, sufficient, indicate, advisable, modify, derive, interfere, remedy, take in, tip over the edge, throw up, sum up,  Section B:   succession, imply, proposal, inference, corresponding, speculate, neglect, revise, tackle, alike, comment, beneficial, in contrast, apply to, engage oneself in, focus on, point to B. Key Sentence Patterns  1)  Beard and other experts say it’s advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves. 2) If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem. II. Difficult Points 1. Iron deficiency is very common among women, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. 现在分词短语作状语, 使用该结构时，应注意： 1）分词的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致。 2）分词有时也可有自己独立的逻辑主语，这时分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构称为独立结构。 3）现在分词在意思上与逻辑主语是主动关系， 而过去分词与逻辑主语则为被动关系。 2. The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times. 独立结构的形式有：1）名词（或主格代词）+动词的非谓语形式；2）名词（或主格代词）+形容词；3）名词（或主格代词）+介词短语；4）名词（或主格代词）+副词；5）名词（或主格代词）+名词；6）用with引导的独立结构；7）用without, like, on引导的独立结构。 独立结构在句中可作状语、定语或主语。 Teaching Procedures I. Pre-reading Activities  A. Warm-up activities a) Work in pairs to discuss the following questions to learn about the students’ understanding of iron deficiency 1) Do you like sports? 2) What do you usually eat or drink after doing exercise? 3) Do you feel tired after doing exercise? 4) Do you think sports are always good to people’s health no matter how much they do it or when they do it? 5) What do you think is the best way to help women gain iron in their blood? 6) Do you think men also have the same problem of iron deficiency? b) Work in groups to discuss the following questions. 1) Why do women often not have enough iron in their bodies? 2) If iron levels are low, what problems can women experience? 3) What can you eat to get iron and what disadvantages can these supplements sometimes have? From our discussions, different conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) Sports are always beneficial to people’s health. People of different ages usually do some exercise to build up their bodies. Some choose to run slowly on the playground, some climb mountains, some play all kinds of ball games, and some old people only walk slowly. No matter what they do, they feel merry-hearted and strong afterwards. 2)   However, if people, specially the old, take too much exercise at some certain time, for instance, too early in the morning or too late at night, they feel exhausted and unable to sleep well. They even don’t have a very good appetite for anything the next day. Some young people even have to go to see a doctor after too much exercise beyond their expectation and stay away from school for some time following the doctor’s advice.  3) It’s necessary to help people get to know that moderate exercise is what they really need and that it’s important to supplement iron and other materials people need after doing exercise. Thus lead into the text by saying: Although sports are necessary and important for people’s health, what people need is moderate exercise. Besides, it is important for people to remedy iron deficiency by eating something rich in iron or some iron supplements. B. Background information 1) digestive system: The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Inside this tube is a lining called the mucosa. In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. 2) Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise It is a multidisciplinary journal featuring original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields. C. Key Words and Their Collocations 1. a succession of: a series of or a number of persons or things following one after the other;      the act of following one after the other ___ He took a succession of jobs from which he gained a lot of experience. ___ Our school has won the speech contest for the 3rd year in succession. cf. succeed v. succeed in doing sth. ___ Through many years’ of hard work, he finally succeeded in becoming a writer as he had expected. cf. success n. ___ attain success; achieve success 2. bounce back: return to the normal and healthy state of feeling or activity ___ We lost two or three games in the World Cup, but we bounced back. ___ He is young enough to bounce back from this disappointment. 3. ratio： n. a figure showing the number of times one quantity contains another ___ The ratio of 10 to 5 is 2 to 1. ___ The adult to child ratio is 1 to 6. 4. up to: as far as; to and including ___ Up to 10 men can sleep in this tent. ___ Everyone works, from the boy who sweeps the floor up to the president. cf.  down to ___ Everyone works, from the President down to the boy who sweeps the floor. 5. take in: allow air, drink or food to enter one’s body, usu. By breathing or swallowing ___ The wounded solider was so weak that he could hardly take in even liquid. ___ She listened so attentively to her teacher, taking in every word he said and asking questions from time to time.  6. at risk: in danger ___ The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk. ___ Up to 2,000 jobs are still at risk. 7. liable： 1） likely, esp. from habit or tendency ___ He is liable to shout when angry. ___ He is not the man who is liable to harm himself. 2) often suffering (from) ___ She will not grow into a woman particularly liable to depression. ___ The boy is liable to bad colds. 8. tip (sb.) over the edge: bring about a noticeable change; (cause to) develop into another                                    status ___ Because of not being able to cope with everyday life they were tipped over the edge into breakdown. 9. throw up: vomit; be sick ___ The child has thrown up her dinner again. ___ Jane can’t come; she has been throwing up all morning. 10. derive from: obtain from; come from  ___ He is one of those people who can derive pleasure from helping others. ___ These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our subconscious fears. 11. interfere with: prevent from working or happening; cause damage to  ___ You mustn’t allow your family duties to interfere with your work. ___ This noise interfered with my work. cf: interfere in: meddle in; concern oneself with and usu. Take unwanted action about someone else’s business to interfere in sth. is to take part in it without being wanted, but to interfere with sth. is to prevent it from happening.前者指别人未请而自己主动参与，后者指阻碍事情发生。 ___ Don’t interfere in matters that don’t concern you. ___ I never interfere in his affairs. 12. sum up: give the main idea of sth. written or spoken; make a total oa an amount  ___ You have only 100 words in which to sum up his speech. ___ Your marks sum up to 87. ___To sum up, the environmental protection should call for more of our concern. II. While-reading Activities 1.Text Study A. Fast reading and try to grasp the main idea of text The main idea of each part: Central topic: Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.   _________________________________________________________       Sports medicine experts have observed that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies.Para. 1   A new study shows that inactive women who started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss.Para. 2   The new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels.Para. 3         Paras. 1-3   Iron deficiency is very common among women:One in four female teenagers; one in five women aged 18 to 45; the ratio is even greater among active women: about 80 percent of female endurance athletes   Four causes: Too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in; women’s monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss; many women increase their risk of iron loss by rejecting red meat; women are liable to experience a deficiency as a result of restricting their diet in weight control.   Para  4   _____________________________________           One specific cause: The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron and any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency.Para. 5   Another specific cause: Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms.Para. 6       Paras. 4-6   Iron deficiency in blood:Three stages of iron deficiency: the first stage no symptoms; the second stage with not enough iron; and in the third stage, people often feel weak, tired. And if you’re stage 3, your iron reserves going to zero, you’re in trouble.Paras. 7-8   Check iron deficiency: Take a better method to check the amount of iron storage in the blood and it’s advisable for both women and men to have a yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.Para. 9   Suggested ways to correct iron deficiency:   _________________________________________________________       In general, it’s better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet.Para. 10   Select breads and cereals with the “iron-added” labels; cook in iron pans, as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process; avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals.Para. 11   If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem.Para. 12         Paras. 10-12   B. Structure Analysis The whole passage falls into 4 parts: Part I (Paras. 1-3) Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. Part II (Paras. 4-6) This part is about the causes for both iron deficiency among women in general and more serious deficiency among active women. Part III (Paras. 7 - 9) The author makes clear both the effects of iron deficiency on people’s health and the importance of checking iron reserves to active people. Part IV (Paras.10-12) The author gives his advice on how to remedy iron deficiency. C. Difficult Sentences: 1). 1. Iron deficiency is very common among women, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. 现在分词短语作状语, 使用该结构时，应注意： 1）分词的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致。 2）分词有时也可有自己独立的逻辑主语，这时分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构称为独立结构。 3）现在分词在意思上与逻辑主语是主动关系， 而过去分词与逻辑主语则为被动关系。 2. The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times. 独立结构的形式有：1）名词（或主格代词）+动词的非谓语形式；2）名词（或主格代词）+形容词；3）名词（或主格代词）+介词短语；4）名词（或主格代词）+副词；5）名词（或主格代词）+名词；6）用with引导的独立结构；7）用without, like, on引导的独立结构。 独立结构在句中可作状语、定语或主语。 ___ The teacher having left, the students resumed their discussion. ___ She looked at him expectantly, her eyes full of excitement and curiosity. ___ The teacher entered the classroom, chalk in one hand, (a) textbook in the other. ___ Class over, all the students went out from the classroom. ___ His first shot failure, he fired again. ___ She felt nervous, with many eyes fixed on her. ___ Without a word more spoken, they went away. ___ I told him everything, and he stood and listened like a figure cut in stone. ___ On our arrival being announced, they came out to receive us, accompanied by their two sons. 2) … that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. (Para. 1) Meaning: … that athletes such as long distance runners, especially women athletes, often show a lack of iron. 3) We found that women who were normally in active and then started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss, … (Para. 2) Meaning: We found that women who were not in the habit of doing physical exercise but then suddenly began a program of exercise of middle degree showed sighs of iron less, … 4) Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounced back,… (Para. 3)