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成人英语三级复习资料Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions:There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mar...

成人英语三级复习资料
Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions:There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: I hear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own,most of them are holding one another's hands for reassurance (放心)。 They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (茧)into a larger cocoon. (76)It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a market for teenagers. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. This is a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well,go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come—with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts. 1. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell______. A. readers how to be popular with people around B. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselves C. parents how to control and guide their children D. people how to understand and respect each other 2. According to the author,many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own,but in fact most of them______. A. have much difficulty understanding each other B. lack confidence C. dare not cope with any problems alone D. are very much afraid of getting lost 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. There is no popularity that really counts. B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority. C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates. D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same. 4. The author thinks of advertisements as______to teenagers. A. inevitable B. influential C. instructive D. attractive 5. The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should______. A. differ from others in as many ways as possible B. become popular with others C. find his real self D. rebel against his parents and the popularity wave Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: (77)Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated (自动化)production systems requiring a least possible number of operators,causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened,for example, in many steelworks. On the other hand,computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid,though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present formwithout computers,no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing (交换)system of major banks and the weather forecasting system. When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers)while other staff are re-trained as operators,programmers,and data preparation staff. (78)After the new system has settled down,people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave,resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the frim,resulting from the introduction of computers. The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers,making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult. On the other hand,many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity,which will improve the condition of the whole economy,and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1979,when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run. 6. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from______. A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction B. their use as part of automated production systems C. the least possible number of operators D. the production system in steelworks 7. The underlined word“They” (Line 1,Par. 2)refers to______. A. computers B. jobs C. activities D. systems 8. According to Paragraph 2,without computers______. A. human activities could not continue B. there could not be weather forecasting systems C. many activities would have to change their present form D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing 9. According to the passage,what results from the introduction of computers? A. After re-training,all employees in the firm get new jobs. B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts. C. The finn keeps all of its original staff members. D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of finn activities. 10. James Callaghan's attitude towards computers can be best described as______. A. doubtful B. regretful C. unfriendly D. supportive Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet (饮食),including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. (79)It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as“beri-beri”。(80)It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century,a scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of “beri-beri”。At first he thought it was caused by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital,where the patients were fed on polished rice which had the outer husk (外壳)removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confmned when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard,which were fed on leftovers (剩饭)from the patients' plates,were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official,who declared that the polished rice,even though left over by the patients,was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients,and the chickens should be fed on cheap rice with the outer layer still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unpolished rice somehow prevented or cured "beri-beri" —— even that a lack,of some element in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed thiswas the case. The element needed to prevent “beri-beri” was shortly afterwards isolated from Ace husks and is now known as vitamin B. Nowadays,this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins. 11. A good mixed diet______. A. normally contains enough vitamins B. still needs special provision of vitamins C. is suitable for losing weight D. is composed of fruits and vegetables 12. The disease “beri-beri”______. A. kills large numbers of Eastern peoples B. is a vitamin deficiency (缺乏)disease C. is caused by diseased rice D. can be caught from diseased chickens 13. The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard______. A. couldn't digest the polished rice B. proved “beri-beri” is caused by germs C. were later cooked for the patients' food D. were suffering from“beA-ben” 14. According to Eijkman,polished rice______. A. was cheaper than unpolished rice B. was less nourishing (有营养的)than unpolished Ace C. was more nourishing than unpolished rice D. cured “beri-beri” 15. The chemical substance missing from polished rice______. A. was vitamin B B. did not affect the chickens C. was named the Eijkman vitamin D. has never been accurately identified Part II Vocabulary and Structure(30%) Directions:In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 16. By no means _____to move to a new place far away from her workplace,because it isn't convenient for her family and herself. A. Jane will agree B. will Jane agree C. Jane will disagree D. will Jane disagree 17. You can,_____ the sky is clear,see as far as the old temple on top of the mountain,but not today. A. when B. where C. though D. because 18. With everything she needed _____,she went out of the shop,with her hands full of shopping bags. A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. buy 19. Having taken our seats,_____. A. the professor began the lecture B. the lecture began in no time C. we were attracted by the lecturer immediately D. the bell announced the beginning of the lecture 20. In recent years many football clubs _____ as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run 21. After 15 years in the United States,he has finally decided to_____ American citizenship. A. concentrate on B. apply for C. look out for D. appeal on 22. It is well known that teaching is a job _____ enough patience. A. calling on B. calling off C. calling for D. calling in 23. Surely it doesn't matter where the clubs get their money;what_____ is what they do with it. A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions 24. I didn't expect to receive a postcard from you!It's really _____my wildest imagination. A. behind B. beyond C. except D. through 25. It doesn't make____ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. A. sense B. opinion C. use D. program 26. The task is too much for me,so I can't carry on _____ any longer.I must get some help. C. alone D. lonely 27. Americans eat _____vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. more than twice as many 28. The two girls are getting on very well and share _______ with each other. A. little B. much C. some D. none 29. The taxi driver was put in_____prison because his car had knocked down a child. His wife went to_____ prison to see him twice a month. A./;/ B. the;the C./;the D. the;/ 30.Without my glasses I can hardly_____ what has been written in the letter. A. make for B. make up C. make out D. make over 31.Her heart _____faster when she entered the exam hall. A. jumped B. sank C. beat D. hit 32. Would you mind keeping a(n)_____ on the house for us while we are away? A. eye B. look 33. I am afraid that his phone number has slipped my _____for the moment. A. head B. brain C. mind D. sense 34. It was the wealth of the_____pioneer landowner John Harvard that made Harvard University possible. A. precious B. curious C. anxious D. prosperous 35. I am not sure whether we can give the right advice _____emergency. A. on account of B. in case of C. at the risk of D. in spite of 36. Vingo was released from prison_____the successful efforts of his friends to prove his innocence. A. according to B. as a result of C. for reasons of D. with the help of 37. Some of the meat came from Canada. How about_____? A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest 38. The man has a special talent for art and is_____of a musician. A. anybody B. anything C. somebody D. something 39. I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt_____ he can do a good job of it. C. when D. what 40. How many more decades will have to pass_____scientists succeed in providing a cure for cancer? A. when B. before C. since D. until 41. The engineer is not happy with the project,and_____is her boss. A. neither B. so C. either D. as 42. _____ for a long time,but he tried his best to catch up with his classmates. A. Having been ill B. Being ill C. Though he was ill D. He was ill 43. How close parents are to their children_____a strong influence on the development of the children's character. A. have B. has C. having D. had 44. He changed his name,_____ that nobody would find out what he had done before. A. having thought B. to think C. thinks D. thinking 45. There is so much work _____today Would you be kind enough to lend me a hand? A. having done B. to be done C. being done D. will be done Part Ⅲ ldentification (10%) Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C,and D. Identify the one that is not correct. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 46. A (A)container weighs (B) more after air is put in (C), it (D) proves that air has weight. 47. The young man, to make (A)several attempts to beat (B) the world record in high jumping, decided (C) to have another try.(D) 48. Of (A)the two coats, I'd choose (B) the cheapest (C) one to spare some money for (D) a book. 49. The protection of (A)our environment is (B) not nothing (C) to be left to the government. Everyone should be concerned (D). 50. There are (A) moments in life where(B) you miss someone so much that (C) you just want to (D) pick them up from dreams and hug them for real. 51. None of (A) us had the final say (B) in this matter, and therefore (C) it was recommended that we waited (D)for the authorities. 52. After(A)her two-week vacation was over (B), Dorothy regretted to spend (C) so much money for so little pleasure 53. Don't make (A)Helen's remarks too seriously (B). She is so upset (C) that I don't think she really knows what she is saying (D). 54. Workers newly arrive (A) from the south or (B)rural areas perform their job differently (C) from those from other sections (D) of the city. 55. While (A) remembered(B) mainly for the invention (C) of the telephone,Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to help (D) the deaf. Part IV Cloze (10%) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage,and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on tire:Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Conversation begins almost the moment we come into contact with another and continues throughout the day 56 the aid of cell phones and computers. However,we are so often absorbed inconversation that we 57sight of its tree purpose and value. One important 58of a good conversation is that the words are 59 used to express thoughts and feelings. We are 60deep thoughts and strong emotions,yet our vocabularies are not 61for this expression,and many 62little effort to expand that. Perhaps you see a movie that 63you deeply,yet you have the following conversation:“So,what did you think of the film?” “Oh, my God,it was so sad,I swear. I went through 64 a box of tissues(面巾纸)。I was in tears.”This dialogue is 65an effective way of expressing feelings. It gives no 66of how or why the movie truly67 you. Such commonly-used phrases are certainly not enough to describe a deeply moving experience. However,not only 68try to avoid overused words,you must 69be careful in your selection. The purpose of expanding vocabulary is not to use the 70or most impressive words,but to find those best suited. What is lacking in many conversations is the ability to talk to another rather than just talking with that person. A 71person will find that even in the most ordinary conversations. There are a thousand questions 72 to be asked if you have courage and a desire for exchange. Good conversations should not be 73 nonsense,but of a meeting of two74the human condition. It should bring a better understanding of others and offer a release of emotions more than drive away 75thoughts or kill time. 56. A. for B. at C. under D. with 57. A. lose B. have C. win D. miss 58. A. issue B. problem C. aspect D. question 59. A. funny B. careful C. only D. properly 60. A. lack of B. short of C. fond of D. full of 61. A. short B. enough C. much D. bad 62. A. take B. make C. get D. try 63. A. teaches B. pushes C. touches D. directs 64. A. using up B. to use C. used up D. using off 65. A. partly B. actually C. hardly D. truly 66. A. sign B. model C. pattern D. fact 67. A. infected B. infects C. affects D. affected 68. A. you will B. must you C. you must D. will you 69. A. too B. never C. also D. yet 70. A. bigger B. biggest C. big D. important 71. A. careless B. efficient C. thoughtful D. able 72. A. waiting B. wait C. waited D. waits 73. A.make up for B. made up of C.make up of D. made up for 74. A. are sharing B. shared C. sharing D.shares 75. A. clever B. pleasant C. unpleasant D. happy Part V Translation (20%) Section A Directions:In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passage you have just read in the part of Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context. 76. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. 77. Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. 78. After the new system has settled down,people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave,resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. 79. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it isnecessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. 80. It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. Section B Directions:In this part there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly. 81.他们5年前搬走了,但我们还保持联系。 82.看起来这封信是在匆忙中写成的。 83.在得到更多细节之前,我想避免跟他说话。 84.每当听到这首歌时,我就会想起你。 85.由于很多学生缺席,我们不得不将会议延期。 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 阅读: 1-5BBABC 6-10AACDD 11-15DBDBA 单选: 16-20 BAACB 21-25 BCABA 26-30 CCBCC 31-35 CACDB 36-40 BDDBB 41-45 ADBDB 挑错: 46-50 DACCB 51-55 DCAAD 完型: 56-60 DACDD 61-65 BBCAC 66-70 ACBCB 71-75 CABCC 翻译: 76、对青少年来说,抵制流行趋势走自己的路变得越来越难。 77、人们对计算机的敌视态度是由于人们担心因为使用计算机而导致的大规模失业。 78、当新系统稳当下来之后于计算机无关岗位上的工人离开之后公司不再招收新员工,这导致了雇用人数的减少。 79、只有在人们的饮食结构受限的时候,人们才需要补充缺失的维生素。 80、这种疾病困扰着大多数以米饭为主食的东方人。 81、They moved away five years ago, but we still keep in touch. 82、It seems that this letter is written in a hurry. 83、Before getting more details, I thought I should avoid talking with him. 84、Every time hearing this song, I will think of you. 85、Many students being absent, we had to put off the conference. 或Due to the absence of many students, we have to put off the meeting. Part I Reading Comprehension (30 %) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: (76)Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks. On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing system of major banks and the weather forecasting system. When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers)while other staff are re-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. (77) After the new system has settled down people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the firm, resulting from the introduction of computers. The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult. On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1979, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run. 1. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from. A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction B. their use as part of automated production systems C. the least possible number of operators D. the production system in steelworks 2. The underlined word They (Line 1, Par. 2)refers to. A. computers B. jobs C. activities D. systems 3. According to Paragraph 2, without computers. A. human activities could not continue B. there could not be weather forecasting systems C. many activities would have to change their present form D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing 4. According to the passage,what results from the introduction of computers? A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs. B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts. C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members. D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities. 5. James Callaghan's attitude towards computers can be best described as. A. doubtful B. regretful C. unfriendly D. supportive Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. (78)It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as beri-beri. (79)It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century, a scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri. At first he thought it was caused by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on polished rice which had the outer husk removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on leftovers (剩饭)from the patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who declared that the polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients, and the chickens should be fed on cheap rice with the outer layer still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unpolished rice somehow prevented or cured beri-beri —— even that a lack of some element in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins. 6. A good mixed diet . A. normally contains enough vitamins B. still needs special provision of vitamins C. is suitable for losing weight D. is composed of fruits and vegetables 7. The disease beri-beri. A. kills large numbers of Eastern peoples B. is a vitamin deficiency (缺乏)disease C. is caused by diseased deer D. can be caught from diseased chickens 8. The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard. A. couldn't digest the polished deer B. proved beri-beri is caused by germs C. were later cooked for the patients' food D. were suffering from beri-beri 9. According to Eijkman, polished rice. A. was cheaper than unpolished rice B. was less nourishing (有营养的)than unpolished rice C. was more nourishing than unpolished rice D. cured beri-beri 10. The chemical substance missing from polished rice. A. was vitamin B B. did not affect the chickens C. was named the Eijkman vitamin D. has never been accurately identified Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: I hear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away, from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems .that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are holding one another's hands for reassurance (放心)。 They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (茧)into a larger cocoon. (80)It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a market for teenagers. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. This is a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come —— with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts. 11. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell . A. readers how to he popular with people around B. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselves C. parents how to control and guide their children D. people how to understand and respect each oth~ 12. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them. A. have much difficulty understanding each other B. lack confidence C. dare not cope with any problems alone D. are very much afraid of getting lost 13. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. There is no popularity that really counts. B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority. C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates. D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same. 14. The author thinks of advertisements as to teenagers. A. inevitable B. influential C. instructive D. attractive 15. The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should . A. differ from others in as many ways as possible B. become popular with others C. find his real self D. rebel against his parents and the popularity wave Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30 %) Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 16. The man has a special talent for art and is of a musician. A. anybody B. anything C. somebody D. something 17. I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt he can do a good job of it. A. whether B. what C. when D. what 18. How many more decades will have to pass scientists succeed in providing a cure for cancer? A. when B. before C. since D. until 19. The engineer is not happy with the project, and is her boss. A. neither B. so C. Wither D. as 20. for a long time, but he tried his best to catch up with his classmates. A. Having been ill B. Being ill C. Tough he was ill D. He was ill 21. How close parents are to their children a strong influence on the development of the children's character. A. have B. has C. having D. had 22. He changed his name,that nobody would find out what he had done before. A. having thought B. to think C. thinks D. thinking 23. There is so much work today. Would you be kind enough to lend me a hand? A. having done B. to be done C. being done D. will be done 24. By no means to move to a new place far away from her workplace, because it isn't convenient for her family and herself. A. Jane will agree B. will Jane agree C. Jane will disagree D. will Jane disagree 25. You can,the sky is clear, see as far as the old temple on top of the mountain, but not today. A. when B. where C. though D. because 26. With everything she needed,she went out of the shop,with her hands full of shopping bags. A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. buy 27. Having taken our seats,. A. the professor began the lecture B. the lecture began in no time C. we were attracted by the lecturer immediately D. the bell announced the beginning of the lecture 28. In recent years many football clubs as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run 29. After 15 years in the United States, he has finally decided to American citizenship. A. concentrate on B. apply for C. look out for D. appeal on 30. It is well known that teaching is a job,enough patience. A. calling on B. calling off C. calling for D. calling in 31. Surely it doesn't matter where the clubs get their money;what is what they do with it. A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions 32. I didn't expect to receive a postcard from you!It's really my wildest imagination. A. behind B. beyond C. except D. through 33. It doesn't make to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. A. sense B. opinion C. use D. program 34. The task is too much for me, so I can't carry on any longer. I must get some help. A. singly B. simply C. alone D. lonely 35. Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. more than twice as many 36. The two girls are getting on very well and share with each other. A. little B. much C. some D. none 37. The taxi driver was put in prison because his car had knocked down a child. His wife went to prison to see him twice a month. A./;/ B. the;the C./;the D. the;/ 38. Without my glasses I can hardly what has been written in the letter. A. make for B. make up C. make out D. make over 39. Her heart faster when she entered the exam hall. A. jumped B. sank C. beat D. hit 40. Would you mind keeping a(n)on the house for us while we are away? A. eye B/look C. hand D. view 41. I am afraid that his phone number has slipped my for the moment. A. head B. brain C. mind D. sense 42. It was the wealth of the pioneer landowner John Harvard that made Harvard University possible. A. precious B. curious C. anxious D. prosperous 43. I am not sure whether we can give the right advice emergency. A. on account of B. in case of C. at the risk of D. in spite of 44. Vingo was released from prison the successful efforts of his friends to prove his innocence. A. according to B. as a result of C. for reasons of D. with the help of 45. Some of the meat came from Canada. How about? A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest Part III Identification (10 %)(为方便排版,特意将挑错题改为以下 格式 pdf格式笔记格式下载页码格式下载公文格式下载简报格式下载 ,请见谅!) Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underline parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one that is not correct. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 46. After(A)her two-week vacation was over (B), Dorothy regretted to spend (C) so much money for so little pleasure.(D) 47. Don't make (A)Helen's remarks too seriously (B). She is so upset (C) that I don't think she really knows what she is saying (D). 48. Workers newly arrive (A) from the south or (B)rural areas perform their job differently (C) from those from other sections (D) of the city. 49. While (A) remembered(B) mainly for the invention (C) of the telephone,Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to help (D) the deaf. 50. A (A)container weighs (B) more after air is put in (C), it (D) proves that air has weight. 51. The young man, to make (A)several attempts to beat (B) the world record in high jumping, decided (C) to have another try.(D) 52. Of (A)the two coats, I'd choose (B) the cheapest (C) one to spare some money for (D) a book. 53. The protection of (A)our environment is (B) not nothing (C) to be left to the government. Everyone should be concerned (D). 54. There are (A) moments in life where(B) you miss someone so much that (C) you just want to (D) pick them up from dreams and hug them for real. 55. None of (A) us had the final say (B) in this matter, and therefore (C) it was recommended that we waited (D)for the authorities. Part IV Cloze (10 %) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Conversation begins almost the moment we come into contact with another and continues throughout the day 56the aid of cell phones and computers. However, we am so often absorbed in conversation that we 57sight of its true purpose and value. One important58of a good conversation is that the words are 59 used to express thoughts and feelings. We are60deep thoughts and strong emotions, yet our vocabularies are not61 for this expression, and many . 62 little effort to expand that. Perhaps you see a movie that63. you deeply, yet you have the following conversation: So, what did you think of the film?Oh, my God, it was so sad, I swear. I went through 64 a box of tissues(面巾纸)。I was in tears. This dialogue is65an effective way of expressing feelings. It gives no66of how or why the movie truly67you. Such commonly-used phrases are certainly not enough to describe a deeply moving experience. However, not only68 try to avoid overused words, you must69be careful in your selection. The purpose of expanding vocabulary is not to use the70or most impressive words, but to find those best suited. What is lacking in many conversations is the ability to talk to another rather than just talking with that person. A 71person will find that even in the most ordinary conversations. There are a thousand questions 72to be asked if you have courage and a desire for exchange. Good conversations should not be73 nonsense, but of a meeting of two74the human condition. It should bring a better understanding of others and offer a release of emotions more than drive away75thoughts or kill time, 56. A. with B. at C. under D. for 57. A. miss B. have C. win D. lose 58. A. issue B. aspect C. problem D, question 59. A. funny B. careful C. only D. properly 60. A. lack of B. short of C. fond of D. full of 61. A. short B. much C. enough D. bad 62, A. take B. get C. make D. try 63. A. teaches B. touches C. pushes D. directs 64. A. using up B. to use C. used up D. using off 65. A. partly B. actually C. hardly D. truly 66. A. fact B. model C. pattern D. sign 67. A. affected B. infects C. affects D. infected 68. A. you will B. must you C. you must D. will you 69. A. too B. never C. yet D. also 70. A. bigger B. biggest C. big D. important 71. A. careless B. thoughtful C. efficient D. able 72. A. waiting B. wait C. waited D. waits 73. A. make up for B. made up of C. make up of D. made up for 74. A. are sharing B. shared C. sharing D. shares 75. A. unpleasant B. pleasant C. clever D. happy Part V Translation (20 %) Section A Directions: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context. 76. Much unfriendly feelings towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. 77. After the new system has sealed down, people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. 78. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. 79. It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. 80. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Section B Directions: In this part there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly. 81、每当听到这首歌时,我就会想起你。 82、由于很多学生缺席,我们不得不将会议延期。 83、他们5年前搬走了,但我们还保持着联系。 84、每当听到这首歌时,我就会想起你。 85、在得到很多细节前,我想避免跟他说话。 阅读: 1-5A A C D D 6-10 D B D B A 11-15 B B A B C 单选: 16-20 D B B A D 21-25 B D B B A 26-30 A C B B C 31-35 A B A C C 36-40 B C C C A 41-45 C D B B D 挑错: 46-50 C B A D D 51-55 A C C B D 完型: 56-60 A D B D D 61-65 C C B A C 66-70 D C B D B 71-75 B A B C A 翻译: 76、人们对计算机的敌视态度是由于人们担心因为使用计算机而导致的大规模失业。 77、当新系统稳当下来之后于计算机无关岗位上的工人离开之后公司不再招收新员工,这导致了雇用人数的减少。 78、只有在人们的饮食结构受限的时候,人们才需要补充缺失的维生素。 79、这种疾病困扰着大是以米饭为主食的东方人。 80、对于年轻人来说,抵制潮流、独立行动变得越来越困难。 81、Every time hearing this song,I will think of you. 82、Many students being absent,we had to put off the conference. 或Due to the absence of many students,we have to put off the meeting. 83、They moved away five years ago,but we still keep in touch. 84、It seems that this letter is written in a hurry. 85、Before getting more details,I thought I should avoid talking with him. 词汇和语法结构题型中常考词汇: 1 虚拟语气 宾语从句:order,demand,require,request,direct,command,urge,rule,suggest,advise,vote, propose move,recommend,prefer,decide,insist,desire,decree 主语从句:vital,important,essential,imperative,obligatory,necessary,unnecessary,impossible,sad, strange,natural,advisable,fitting,proper,appropriate,desirable 2 不定式 1) 通常只接动词不定式作宾语的常考动词: agree,attempt,claim,decide demand,ask,hesitate,beg ,fail,care,consent,promise,desire,hope, intend,learn,offer,plan,refuse,prepare,pretend,strive,require,appear,arrange,expect,manage,tend, afford,wish,want,seem ,struggle,swear,threaten,wait,undertake,venture,seek ,resolve,aim,determine, endeavor,apply,claim,pledge,pretend,profess,refuse,volunteer,vow,happen ,guarantee,neglect, proceed,prove,condescend,consent,trouble,bother(negative),care(negative),choose,fail etc 2) 用于动词+宾语+不定式结构的常考动词: force,hire,tell,require,teach,warn ,allow,ask,inform,beg,convince,expect,invite,order, permit,promise,instruct,prepare,urge,remind,want,advise,persuade,dare,forbid,like,challenge, request,get,need ,oblige,encourage,enable,compel,recommend,declare,prove,command,encourage, enable,lead,press,etc 1) 用于be+形容词+不定式结构的常考形容词 anxious,boring,dangerous,pleased,hard,eager,easy,fortunate,strange,good,ready,usual,prepared, surprised,common,useless,asked,lucky,difficult,likely satisfied,careful,sure,glad,bored,certain, etc 2) 用于名词+不定式结构的常考名词: failure,offer,plan,ability,decision,desire,chance,permission,occasion,fun,honor,capacity, wish,pleasure,opportunity,demand,way ,refusal,responsibility,freedom,promise,etc. 3) 后面跟省去“to”的不定式作宾补的常考动词: see watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,feel ,get,make,have,let ,help,bid,know,look at ,smell,etc 考试内容 本考试内容包括五个部分:分别是阅读理解、词语用法与语法结构、挑错、完形填空和英汉互译。全部题目顺序统一编号,共85题。 第一部分:阅读理解(Part I Reading Comprehension), 共15题,考试时间40分钟。要求考生阅读三篇短文,总阅读量不超过900个词。每篇文章后有五个问题,考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。短文选材的原则是: 1 题材广泛。包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、热门话题及科普常识等。但所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解。 2 体裁多样。包括叙述文、说明文、议 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 等。 3 文章的语言为中等难度。无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词,如超出全日制文理科教学大纲中词汇表一至三级的范围,则用汉语注明词义。 阅读理解部分主要测试考生的下述能力: 1 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意; 2 了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节; 3 既理解字面的意思,又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论; 4 既理解个别句子的意义,又能在一定程度上理解上下文的逻辑关系。 阅读理解部分主要考核学生通过阅读获取信息的能力,既要求准确,也要求有一定的速度。 第二部分:词语用法和语法结构(Part II Vocabulary and Structure),共30题,考试时间25分钟。题目中50%为词和短语的用法,50%为语法结构。要求考生从每题四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。考试范围包括全日制文理科本科教学大纲中词汇表及语法结构表一至三级的主要内容。 第三部分:挑错(Part III Identification),共10题,考试时间10分钟。挑错题由10个单句组成。每个句子含有标着A、B、C、D的四个划线部分,其中有一处是错误的,要求考生从四个划线部分中挑出其错误的部分。 挑错部分是词语用法和语法结构部分的延伸,目的是测试学生掌握词汇、短语及语法结构的熟练程度,其重点是固定搭配和句型,考试范围与第二部分相同。 第四部分:完型填空(Part IV Cloze),共20题,考试时间15分钟.完形填空题是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200词)中留有20个空白.每个空白为一题,每题由四个选项.要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选出一个最佳答案,使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。填空的选项包括结构词和实义词,有些选项会涉及到一些重要的语法内容。 完型填空部分主要考核学生综合运用语言的能力。 第五部分:翻译(Part V Translation), 共10题,考试时间30分钟.翻译试题由两部分组成.第一部分为英译汉,要求考生把前面阅读理解文章中划线的五个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英,要求考生把五个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。英译汉和汉译英的句子难度均低于课文的英 语文 八上语文短文两篇二年级语文一匹出色的马课件部编版八上语文文学常识部编八上语文文学常识二年级语文一匹出色的马课件 章。评分标准要求译文达意,无重大语言错误。 翻译部分主要考核学生词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力 定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点: (1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如: the fern(蕨类), the wallflower (2) 序数词之前必须用the,如: the first woman, the nineteenth century 但前面有物主代词时除外,如my first baby (3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如: the largest city, the most advanced technology (4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如: the development of the watch, (5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如: the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun 在下列情况下,一般不用the: (1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月),America(美国) 但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the the Great Lakes(美国五大湖),the Changjiang River(长江) (2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如: algebra(代数学), advertising,accounting(会计学) (3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如: Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from… (4) 一些固定词组中,如: in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed 乘车的词组: by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车), by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air(通过航空) on foot (步行),by plane(乘飞机),by ship (乘船), 打球的词组: play tennis, play baseball, play basketball 注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee. 不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词:much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的)little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词 专用 另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of,the re st of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。 有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如:inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝 对形容词对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错 题的考点: 1.当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; most + of + 限定词+ 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 例题: (1) The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. A B C D 答案:A 应改为:Most 解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonme tals A B C oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. D 考点:程度副词 答案:D 应改为:still more 解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前几点参考规则: 1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:She sings very well. I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. I met just now your uncle (错) 2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如: These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然,副词enough是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如: I am not good enough to do this job. (对) I am not enough good to do this job. (错) 3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,如: He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis. He is always here at 8’clock. (be动词之后) 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如: only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 考点:程度副词 答案:D 应改为:still more 解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前 几点参考规则: 1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如: She sings very well. I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. I met just now your uncle (错) 2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如: These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然,副词enough是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如: I am not good enough to do this job. (对) I am not enough good to do this job. (错) 3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,如: He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis. He is always here at 8’clock. (be动词之后) 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如: only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 第四节容易混淆的词 hard (努力,副词) -hardly (几乎不,副词) close (接近,形容词)-closely(接近,副词) near (接近,形容词)-nearly (几乎,副词),nearby (adj.邻近的) most (大多数的,形容词)-mostly(主要地,大部分副词) late (迟、晚,形容词)-lately (最近,副词),later(adv 稍后的) high (高的,形容词) -highly (adv. 非常,大大的) 另外:friendly(友好的),lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有ly, 但是都是形容词作主语:不定式短语可作主语 如:To see is to believe (百闻不如一见) To work hard should be your major concern. 注意:由于英文不习惯句子主语过长,不定式主语常被形式主语it所代替(详见第十七章) 例如上面第二句可以变为:It should be your major concern to work hard. 又如:It is very nice of you to help me 不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如something to read, nothing to do, anything to decla re, a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc. 由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June 独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致 如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格) 对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致: Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word. 在TOEFL考试中,经常混淆反身代词的写法,结尾的-self和-selves经常故意写错反身代词的用法 可以用来做宾语:He hurt himself when he fell. 可以用来做表语:He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服) 反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思 I myself do it. I do it myself. They made the research themselves. 牢记make possible的三种形式: 1. make+名词+possible; His financial aid makes this trip possible. 2. make+possible+名词(名词短语较长时) His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student’s entering of the world famous university. 3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (见形式宾语部分) The father’s hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better education. 定语从句可分为限定性和非限定性两种,其主要区别为: 1. 非限定性定语从句中,引导词和先行词之间需用逗号隔开。 2. 非限定性定语从句中,引导词一般不用that, 在修饰人时用who, whom, whose He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college. 在修饰物时用which 部分状语从句可以省略,在填空题中时有出现 如:Although defeated, he did not lose heart. (从句中省略了he was) If inFORMed timely, I wouldn’t have missed the meeting. (从句中省略了I were) 注意: 当现在完成时的时间状语是for + 一段时间(已经有…时间了), 和since + 一个时间点(自从…以来)的时候, 句中的谓语不能是非延续性动词(暂短性动词), 如不能说:I have borrowed the book for ten days. (错误: borrow这个动作是发生在图书出纳台上的一次性动作, 不能延续, 因此不能和for引导的时间状语连用)应改为: I have kept the book for ten days. 这样的暂短性动词还有: buy/sell, break, die, graduate, drop等倒装 倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化,主要作用是强调被提前的部分 倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种: 一、全部倒装 谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装,如:Out came his guest.On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago. 二、部分倒装 助动词或情态动词提至主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,即为部分倒装,如: Neither could he see through your plan. So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words. Doesn’t her invitation appeal to you? 第一节否定词提前倒装 否定词用于句首时,句子应进行部分倒装 否定词常用的有: Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才), No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/LittleNeither/Nor (也不)Nwhere At no time Under no circumstances(决不) On no account (决不)In no way 其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用,需注意:后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装,只有否定词之后的部分倒装 如:Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain. Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but hecame out first as well. No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face. Seldom does he travel about. Under no circumstances should you betray your own country. 此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中,需填入的是倒装部分,只要在句首见到上述的词,就应条件反射的想到用倒装句 第二节介词、分词词组提前倒装 当句子没有宾语,且主语偏长时,往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首,引起主谓的全部倒装 如:In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that shehad cast. Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government,which she had blamed for all the social injustices. Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties. 第三节副词提前倒装 副词提至句首引起倒装,可分以下几种情况: 1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前,必须部分倒装 如:Only then did he realize how stupid he had been. Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was dan ger. Only in the library can she concentrate on her study. 2. often, such, so等副词提前,部分倒装 如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam. =He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam. Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever. Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意,so的另一种倒装是表示“也…” California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入,佛罗里达也是这样同理,体会一下neither, nor的倒装He can’t dance, neither/nor can I.= I can’t, either. 他不会跳舞,我也不会。 3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前,全部倒装 如:Off got the staggering gentlemen. Here are the photos I took at the seaside. 第四节疑问倒装 疑问句需部分倒装语序,由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。 如:What part did he play in Hamlet? Do you prefer tea or coffee? by可视为被动语态的标志词,by之后的名词短语是句中动作的施动者;在题干中若见到by+名词的结构要优先考虑用被动式 如: The wall is painted by Tom. The book was written by Mark Twain. 注意1:by之后如果接的是动名词,则表示方式、手段,不能视为被动式的标志,且此时谓语应用主动式,如:He passed the exam by cheating. 注意2:对于know来讲,一般用be known to 而不用be know by强调句中it作形式主语可以替代任何被强调的部分基本模式:It + be + 强调对象+ who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分 如:It was only you who cared for me. (强调主语) It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (强调宾语) It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (强调地点状语) It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (强状语) It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (强调状语从句) 注意:强调的对象是人时,可用who, whom或that, 其余情况一律用that; 当强调对象在从句中做主语时用who/that, 当强调对象在从句中做宾语时用whom/that. 虚拟语气 此章内容在TOEFL考点中处于相对次要地位,但在英文中是比较活跃的用法,必须对其有所了解, 这样对读题非常有帮助虚拟语气是英文中一特殊的语言现象,主要用于表达与事实相反的陈述,常表达强烈愿望、遗憾、感慨、后悔、责备、规劝等语义,可大致分为三类 一、对现在事实的虚拟基本形式:If + were /did等过去式…, …would /could /should /might + do 例如:If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon. (事实上,I’m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.) If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy. 二、对过去事实的虚拟 基本形式:If + had done…, …w ould /could / should /might + have done 例如:If she had been warned earlier, she wouldn’t have broken the rules. (事实上:She was not warned earlier and she broke the rules.) If it hadn’t rained, the match would have seemed more fascinating. (事实上:It rained and the match was less fascinating.) 此种虚拟可进行倒装,如: Had the letter been sent out, it would have ruined our friendship.= If the letter had been sent out, it would have ruined our friendship. 三、对将来事实的虚拟基本形式: If + should do…, …would /could /should /might + do; 意思类似汉语中的“万一” 例如:If he should forget the date, I might teach him a good lesson. (事实上:他不大可能忘记那个日期) If it should snow this afternoon, we could make a snowman. (事实上不大可能会下雪) 此种虚拟可倒装,如:Should my car fail, I would have to return home on foot.= If my car should fail, I would have to return home on foot. 注意1:部分动词的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气,形式为should do, 其中should常被省略。 此类动词有:insist, demand, suggest, propose, order, require, decide,ask, request等. 例句:We all insist that we (should) not rest until we finish the work. The professor suggests that the students (should) collect enough mate rials before they work on this project. 上面的动词如果以名词形式出现时,后面的that从句仍然要采用虚拟语气 He gives me the suggestion that I (should) eat breakfast every moning. 注意2:在一些惯用语之后经常需要用虚拟,来表示与事实相反或者难以实现的事情这类习语有:as if , as though, but for, otherwise, without, wish, if only等 例句:But for your help, I would not have arrived here in time. (如果没有你的帮助,我就不能准时到达) Without your help, I would not arrive here in time. 注意3:在下列形容词引导的that从句中必须要用虚拟语气(should) do,但是由于should经常被省略,所以实际上用的就是动词原形。 这类形容词有: It is important/ necessary/ proper/ imperative/ essential/advisable等+ that 例句:It is necessary that he (should) realize his situation. 一致原则 一致原则贯穿英语语法,在前面各个章节中已有涉及,本章作为对前面的补充,集中讲、TOEFL题中常考的问题 第一节主谓一致 主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在数上要保持一致. 在英语除了时态的变化外,名词、动词的数也有差别,这就要求主语(以名词为代表)和谓语(包括助动词)在数上要一致如: 1. 在名词+of+名词这种结构中, 前一个名词是整个短语的中心词, 当该短语作主语时,一般以of之前名词的数为依据确定谓语的数.one of 之后需接复数名词,但one of+名词作主语时中心词是one,故谓语应用单数One of my students wins the game. 2. 由and连接的多个名词作主语,谓语动词应用复数 Career and love are important to me. im, John and Mary are playing football. 但是如果用and连接起来表示单一的概念时,谓语动词要用单数 The famous singer and actress, Whitney Huston is coming to the ceremony. (在这里, singer和actress指得是同一人, 都是Whitney Huston) 3. 不可数名词,尤其是抽象名词(relation, authority, necessity, power, democr acy, young等)作主语时要视为单数,谓语自然也要用单数 The relation between us is very simple. 4. 单个从句作主语时,谓语用单数 That she has gone insane is sheer rumor. When they will come hasn’t been made public. 5. 如果主语是单数,那么即使后面有 with/ together with/ alongwith/accompaniedby, no less than, like, but, except, including, besides 等引导的短语,谓语动词仍然要是用单数 例如:The boy, together with his parents, goes to the cinema today. No one except the two boys knows how to solve this problem. 6. 由Not A but B, Not only A but also B, either A or B, neither A nor B引导的主语,谓语通常和最邻近的主语相一致 Either you or Mary hurts her. Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. Not you but he is tired of typing. Not only the students but also the teacher is going to be blamed. 7.在there be句型、介词短语、副词为句首引起的倒装句中,真正的主语通常在谓语的后面,谓语应该和后面的主语在数方面相一致。 但是在there be 句型中,如果有两个或者两个以上的主语,必须和最接近他的那个主语相一致。 There are a lot of books on the table. There is only one pencil, two books and one cup on the table. Many a time has he given us good advice. 第二节主从句时态一致 主从句语义相互关联,时态也需呼应,所谓一致并不是说主从句的时态要一模一样,而是不能脱节,一般的原则是不能跨越大的时间范畴,如:主句是一般过去时,从句可能是过去完成时或过去将来时,而不大可能是现在时或将来时,当然具体情况还应具体分析,但针对解答TOEFL题而言,掌握上述原则已是绰绰有余 1.通常当主句中的时态是现在时或将来时态时,从句中的动词时态并不受影响,往往还是根据从句的意思而定。 I know that he will come tomorrow. I know that he has finished reading this book. I know that he went to school yesterday. 2. 当主句中的时态是过去时态,那么从句中的时态要作一定的变化 I knew that he would come tomorrow. (现在将来时变为了过去完成时) I knew that he had finished reading this book. (现在完成时过去完成时) I was told that he was free today. (现在时态变为过去时态) 第三节代词与其先行词一致 在讲代词一章时已提到代词的作用是替代已出现过的词,即先行词,那么代词和先行词之间也应保持性、数的一致才能保证替代的忠实性,不引起误解在改错题中,确定代词的先行词是解题的关键,主要是依靠句意来判断,还需留意下列情况: 1. 反身代词需和所在主谓结构的主语一致,若不一致应改为宾格形式 如:Her mother helped her solve the problem. 此句中helped之后若用herself则指的是her mother, 语义不同 2. 在主从句中,或有分词状语的句子中,代词所代替的对象有可能在其后出现,要准确识别 如:After she entered the room, Mary flung herself to the bed. 此句中she指代的是主句中的Mary 常见短语 1. abide by(=be faithful to ;obey)忠于;遵守。 2. be absent from…。缺席,不在 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ;be lost in ;be rapt in ;be concentrated on ;be focused on ;be centered on 5. (be)abundant in(be rich in;be well supplied with)富于,富有 6. access(to)(不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解 7. by accident(=by chance,accidentally)偶然地,意外。Without accident(=safely)安全地, 8. of one's own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地,主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one's accord with 同…。不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with)依照,根据 12. on one's own account 1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one's own risk)自行负责3)(=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有………重要性。 13. take…into account(=consider)把……考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明,解释(理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for)解释,说明。 16. on account of (=because of)由于,因为。 17. on no account(=in no case,for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 18. accuse…of…(=charge…with;blame sb. for sth. ;blame sth. on sb. ;complain about)指控,控告 19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of,be used to)习惯于。 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;(=to have met socially )熟悉 21. act on 奉行,按照…行动;act as 扮演;act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己适应于 23. adapt…(for)(=make sth. Suitable for a new need)改编,改写(以适应新的需要) 24. in addition (=besides)此外,又,加之 25. in addition to(=as well as,besides,other than)除…外 26. adhere to (=abide by,conform to,comply with,cling to,insist on,pe rsist in,observe,opinion, belief )粘附;坚持,遵循 27. adjacent(=next to,close to)毗邻的,临近的 28. adjust……(to)(=change slightly)调节;适应; 29. admit of (=be capable of,leave room for)…的可能,留有…的余地。 30. in advance (before in time)预告,事先。 31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地。 32. have an advantage over 胜过。have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 33. take advantage of (=make the best of,utilize,make use of,profit from,harness)利用。 34. agree with 赞同(某人意见)agree to 同意 35. in agreement (with)同意,一致 36. ahead of 在…之前,超过…;……………。ahead of time 提前。 37. in the air 1)不肯定,不具体。2)在谣传中。 38. above all (=especially,most important of all)尤其是,最重要的。 39. in all (=counting everyone or everything,altogether)总共,总计 40. after all 毕竟,到底;(not)at all 一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all 只此一次;above all 最重要的;first of all 首先;all in all 大体上说;be all in 累极了;all but 几乎。 41. allow for (=take into consideration,take into account)考虑到,估计到. 42. amount to (=to be equal to)总计,等于。 43. answer for (undertake responsibility for,be liable for,take charge for)对…负责。 44. answer to (=conform to)适合,符合。 45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安;或anxious for 46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉 47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁。appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向… 申请 关于撤销行政处分的申请关于工程延期监理费的申请报告关于减免管理费的申请关于减租申请书的范文关于解除警告处分的申请 ;apply for申请;apply to 适用。 49. apply to 与…有关;适用 50. approve of (=consent to,be in favor of,favor,agree to,consider good,right)赞成,approve vt. 批准51. arise from(=be caused by)由…引起。 52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 53. arrive on 到达;arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 54. be ashamed of (=feel shame,guilt or sorrow because of sth. done)以… 为羞耻 55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.)向…保证,使…确信。 56. attach(to)(=to fix,fasten;join)缚,系,结 57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.)试图做… 58. attend to (=give one's attention,care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve,look after)侍候,照料 59. attitude to toward …对…的态度。看法 60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把……归因于……,认为……是……的结果 61. on the average (=on average,on an average)平均 62. (be)aware of (=be conscious of ,having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道。 63. at the back of (=behind)在…后面 64. in the back of 在…后部(里面);on the back of 在…后部(外面);be on one's back(=be ill in bed)卧病不起。 65. at one's back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护;have sb. at one 's back 有…支持,有…作后台 66. turn one's back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃 67. behind one's back 背着某人(说坏话) 68. be based on upon 基于 69. on the basis of 根据…,在…基础上 70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢 71. begin with 以…开始。to begin with (=first of all)首先,第一(经常用于开始语) 72. on behalf of (=as the representative of)以…名义 73. believe in(=have faith or trust in;consider sth.sb. to be true)相信,依赖,信仰。 74. benefit (from)受益,得到好处。 75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 76. for the better 好转 77. get the better of (=defeat sb.)打败,胜过。 78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统at birth 在出生时;give birth to 出生 79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人. blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上 80. in blossom开花(指树木)be in blossom开花(强调状态)come into blossom开花(强调动作) 81. on board 到船上,在船上,上火车或飞机 82. boast of (or about)吹嘘 83. out of breath 喘不过气来 84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的 86. take the floor 起立发言 87. on business 出差办事。 88. be busy with sth.于某事. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 89. last but one 倒数第二。 90. but for (=without)要不是。表示假设 91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买 92. be capable of 能够,有能力be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的 93. in any case(=for love or money,at any rate,at any price,at any cost ,whatever happens;anyhow)无论如何 94. in case (=for fear that)万一; 95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一in the case of 至于…,就…而言 96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 97. be cautious of 谨防 98. center one's attention on(=focus one's attention on)把某人的注意力集中在…上 99. be certain of (=be sure of)有把握,一定。 100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地101. by chance(=accidentally,by accident)偶然102. for a change换换环境(花样等) 103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有… 104. in charge of (=responsible for)负责(某事)in the charge of …由…管 105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 106. charge…for 因…索取(费用),charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 107. round the clock(=all day and all night,usually without stopping)昼夜不停地 108. comment on 评论 109. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱;commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来;commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用。be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的 111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together)和…要好。 112. compare…with … 把…与…比较 113. compare…to… 把…比作… 114. by comparison 比较起来 115. in comparison with (=in contrast to)和…比起来 116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for)补偿,赔偿,弥补compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补 117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.)向某人抱怨…;complain (抱怨);complement (补充);compliment (恭维) 118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand,order,rule etc.)遵守,依从 119. conceive of (think of,imagine,consider)想象,设想 120. concentrate on (or upon)集中,专心 121. be concerned with (=about)与…有关 122. concern oneself about with 关心 123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点;at the conclusion of 当…结束时; 124. condemn sb. to 判决 125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件,假如。in that = because因为;now that = since既然for all that = although 尽管 126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit)健康状况好不好 . in good (bad)condition 处于良好(坏)状态 127. confess(to)(=admit a fault,crime,or sth. wrong)承认,供认;confess to a crime 承认罪行。 128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one's secret)对…讲真心话,依赖 129. in confidence 推心置腹地;with confidence 满怀信心地;have confidence in 对…有信心 130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖 131. be confident of 有信心;confidential 机密的 132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内 133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等) 134. conform to (=be in agreement with,comply with)符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服从;2)observe; 3)comply with照…办;4)keep to遵循;5)abide by服从;6)stick to按……做 135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with)面对,面临 136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺 137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于, 138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道 139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意 140. in consequence (=as a result)结果 141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果 142. under consideration 在考虑中 143. in consideration of (=in return for,on account of,because of )由于 144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不 145.take…into consideration (=take account of,take…into account)考虑到,把…考虑进去 146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs)体贴的,考虑他人需要的,considerable相当大的,值得考虑的 147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的。consist in主要在于。consist with符合,与…一致148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致。be consistent in一贯的, 149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见,就…向…请教 150. to one's heart's content尽情地,痛痛快快151. be content with(=be satisfied with)满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事152. contrary to (=in opposition to)与…相反 153. on the contrary 相反 154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照) 155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比by contrast 对比之下 156. contribute to 有助于 157. under control (被)控制住out of control无法控制 158. at one's convenience(=where and when it suits one)在方便的时间或地点.be convenient to for 对…方便 159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain;to persuade sb.)使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做… 160. cope with(=deal with,try to find a solution to)应付,处理 161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at)the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境 162. correspond (with)(=exchange letters regularly)通信 163. correspond to 相当于. correspond with 符合,一致 164. at all costs不惜任何代价. at the cost of 以…为代价 165. a matter of course 理所当然的事 166. as a matter of course 当然地,自然地 167. in (during)the course 在…过程中 168. in due course (=without too much delay)没经过太久,到一定时候 169. on credit赊购;with credit以优异成绩;to one's credit使某人感到光荣;do sb. credit 使…感到光荣 170.be critical of 爱挑毛病的,批评的 171. cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病 172.a danger to对…的危险;be in danger(of)处于…危险中;be out of danger脱离危险 173. to date(=so far,until now)到目前为止 174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的,时兴的;date back to可追溯到;date from从某时期开始(有) 175. deal with (=concern)论及 176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债 177. on the decline 在衰退中,在减少中in decline 下降;on the increase 在增加 178. to one's delight 令某人感到高兴to one's regret 遗憾;sorrow悲痛;relief 安心;distress 苦恼; shame羞愧;surprise 惊奇;astonishment 惊奇; 179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢,取乐 180. take (a)delight in 喜欢干…,以…为乐 181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西。demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西 182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时 183. be dependent on 依靠 184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物 185. derive…from(=obta in…from)从…取得,由…来的。derive from(=come from)起源于 186. despair of (=lose all hope of)绝望*考试大 187. in despair 绝望 188. despite (=in spite of)不管,尽管 189. in detail 详细地 190. deviate from 偏离,不按…办 191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食,节食 192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于… 193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难, 194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for)因…解雇,开除 195. fall back (=retreat,turn back)撤退;in disorder 慌乱地,狼狈不堪 196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列 197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉 198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议 199. in dispute 在争议中 200. in the distance 在远处。make out 辩认出201. (be)distinct from (= be different from)与…截然不同 202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences)辨别 203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开 204. do away with(=get rid of;abolish;discard eliminate)除去,废除,取消;do away with (=kill)杀掉,镇压 205. have…to do with 与…有关系 206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地 207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑 208. be due to 是由于 209. come off duty 下班 210. go on duty 上班 211. be on duty 值班,值日,在上班时 212. be in duty bound to (do)(=be required by one's job or esp. by conscience)有义务(做) 213. be eager for 想得到,盼望 214. by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed)凭记忆,不看乐谱 215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对……有鉴赏力216. a word in one's ear 私房话,秘密话 217. on earth 究竟,到底,全然 218. with ease (= easily)容易,不费力 219. at (one's)ease (= without worry or nervousness)自在,不拘束 220. put sb. at his her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束 221. economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful)节省 222. have an effect on 对…有影响 223. be in effect (=be in operation)有效 224. go into effect 生效。(近come into effect;take effect;be brought into effect) 225. in effect (=in fact,really)实际上 226. give effect to (=carry out)实行,使…生效 227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果 228. (be)of no effect (=useless)无效 229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是… 230. to that effect 是那个意思的… 231. emerge from (=appear,become known )出现,暴露(问题。意见等) 232. place(or put,lay)an emphasis on 强调,把重点放在…上 233. encourage sb. in 鼓励;encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工作;encourage sb. in hisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲 234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事 235. on end (=continuously)连续地 236. (be)at an end (=finished)结束了 237. no end of (=very manymuch)很多,大量 238. in the end (=finally,eventually)最终 239. at one's wit's end (=not knowing what to do or to say)无法可想,智穷计尽 240. end up with 以…而结束 241. come to and end (=finish)结束 242. end in 以…为结束 243. engage in 或be engaged in 忙于,从事 244. enter for (=put the name on a list for)报名参加 245. enter into (=begin)开始(谈话,谈判等) 246. enter on upon (=begin)开始(一个时代。一种生涯。一段任期等) 247. be entitled to (=be given the right to do sth.)有权…,有资格… 248. be equal to 等于 249. be feel equal to (=have enough strength,ability etc.)(某人)能胜任,能应付on equal terms (=on and equal footing)平等地 250. be equipped with 装备有,装有251. (be)equivalent to(=equal in value,amount,meaning)相等于,相当于 252. in essence (=in itsone's nature)本质上 253. at all events (=in spite of everything,in any case)不论怎样,无论如何 254. in any event (=whatever happens in the future)无论如何,不管(将来)怎么样 255. in the event that(=if)假如,如果。in the event 结果,实际情况是(常与but 连用) 256. in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生……时 257. except 除…以外;besides 除…以外还有…… 258. except (=but)除了。 259. except for (=apart from)除…以外 260. (an)exception to …的例外 261. with the exception of (=except,apart from)除去…。,除…以外 262. in excess of (=more than)超过 263. exchange…for 以…交换 264. exclusive of (=not taking into account;without)不包括 265. in excuse of 作为…的借口 266. exert…on… 对…施加… 267. exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲 268. come into existence (=begin to exist)开始存在;come into use开始使用;come into effect开始运转;come into fashion开始时新;come into action开始行动;come into power开始执政;come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花; 269. (be)in existence存在come into existence 出现 270. expect…of 在…期望… 271. at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲 272. expose…to…使暴露于…,使…受(危险,风险) 273. be exposed to… 面临…,受到…。 274. beyond expression (=in a manner that cannot be expressed)无法形容,说不出的 275. give expression to 表达,表现find expression in 表现 276. to …extent 在…程度上 277. in the extreme (= extremely)极其 278. look sb. in the eye 正视,打量(某人) 279. close (shut)one's eyes to不理会,视而不见 280. in one's mind's eye 在心目中,在想象中 281. in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间 282. keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看,监视 283. in the eyes of in one's eyes (= in the judgment of )在某人看来,在某人眼里 284. on the face of it (=judging by what one can see)表面看来 285. in the face of 面对着(困难等情况) 286. in one's face当着某人的面;face to faced面对面;face up to 大胆面向 287. fail in (=be unsuccessful in)失败 288. in good faith(=honestly,sincerely)真诚地 289. keep faith with 对…守信用 290. lose faith in 对…失去信心 291. on faith 毫无怀疑地,依赖地 292. faithful to (=loyal to)对…忠诚 293. fall into the habit (of)养成…习惯 294. fall short of (=fail to reach a desired result,standard,etc.)没达到,低于 295. familiar with 熟悉,了解 296. have a fancy for (=like sth. without the help of reason)(没有道理地)喜欢,想要297. take a fancy to (=become fond of)喜欢 298. by far 远,非常(与比较级或最高级连用) 299. far from 远远不是 300. far from 非但不…(而且)
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