2016高考七选五练习

Passage 1 Evaluating Sources of Health Information Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. __1__ Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. __2__ Watch fo r misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. __3__ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it. Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. __4__ Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术). __5__ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life. A.Make choices that are right for you. B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something. C.Be sure to work through the critical questions. D.And examine the findings of the original research. E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice. F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view. G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources. Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:·Schedule yearly exams. __1__ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses. ·Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. __2__ ·Give your eyes a break. Two thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. __3__ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away. ·__4__ As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health. ·Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. __5__ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition. A.Eat your greens. B.Eye care should begin early in life. C.They can properly protect your eyes. D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. E.Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight. F.Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear. G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. __1__ Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: 1.Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? __2__ 2.Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? __3__ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal. 3.__4__ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start. __5__ And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! A.Try new things. B.Ability is easily improved. C.Make three or four instead. D.Understand your food better. E.Cooking is a burden for many people. F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. __1__ In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. __2__The process of urbanization—the migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. __3__ Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities.__4__ Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. __5__ Today, instead of needing ninetyfive farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers. A.That kept cities very small. B.The rest live in small towns. C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies. E.But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities. F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. Everyone needs a break, and vacations are not meant for serious study. __1__ The Spring Festival is coming up so this is the perfect time to discuss some great English language literature to take on a long train journey. Before getting into the recommendations, you need to determine your English reading comprehension level. If you're at the beginner's level, there are two options: reading a children's book or reading a book that you've read in Chinese translation. __2__ If you're at the intermediate level, popular books like pop fiction, mysteries and thrillers are good options. For advanced readers, classic works of literature or modern prize winners (Nobel, Pulitzer) are good options. __3__ When I pick up a book I like, even though the first few chapters are really hard to get through, I would try to get accustomed to the language the author uses. Generally, after the first few chapters, things get a lot easier, especially if I get involved in the story. Another great way to keep yourself motivated is to find a friend who's interested in reading the same book. You can make goals that you both want to achieve. __4__ Some quick recommendations: Harry Potter, start with the first book and go on from there; the Narnia series; anything by U.S. writer Michael Crichton; and if you like horror, U.S. writer Stephen King is always unusual and fun. __5__ Happy reading! A.If you pick a book which is so challenging, it will be too stressful. B.The most important thing is to pick a book that you're really interested in. C.You may also enjoy your reading when hanging out with your family. D.You should just find a topic or author you're interested in, and the rest will go from there. E.You can also discuss plot lines or vocabulary issues with each other by SMS or email. F.Instead, they're a great way to take a break and enjoy a good book. G.This will help you get over any unfamiliar words or phrases, since you're already familiar with the story. Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. __1__ However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence. Some people say we live in a dogeatdog world. __2__ They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dogtired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. __3__ This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. __4__ People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. __5__ A.Still, people say every dog has its day. B.We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. C.Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. D.Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people. E.There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore. F.That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. G.They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. Where would you most like to go on vacation? Paris? London? The Amazon Rainforest? Each of these destinations is attractive. __1__ As a new word, staycation refers to people staying at home during their vacation time, and going sightseeing around their hometown. Staycations have become really popular recently, as a way of having an enjoyable vacation, without spending too much money. There are shortcomings to every positive thing, however. __2__ You also might prevent yourself from enjoying things to the fullest, as the atmosphere might be the same as any other time. __3__ It means you won't be available for work or other activities. What can you do to make your staycation fun? 1. Go to a nearby town, or to a fancy hotel in your hometown and stay overnight. Treat yourself to room service and any other fun things the hotel has to offer. 2. __4__ You would have done it on a vacation, right? Treat yourself to this, at least for one day! 3. Throw a small party. Think about the money you are saving by not going away. You will still save money, but have more fun, and you will help other people to have fun too! 4. Go shopping! Window shopping, or the super fun type, where you buy things! You would have bought souvenirs (纪念品) if you had gone on a vacation, so treat yourself during your staycation! The most important thing to remember is to do things that make you and your family excited! __5__ A.Eat out for every meal! B.Go on a day trip to a nearby town, or to a beach. C.But why not remain at home and enjoy a staycation? D.If you are on a staycation, you might get calls from work. E.Most of the time it involves dining out more frequently than usual. F.Make sure you all have fun, and when it is over, you feel refreshed. G.The trick is to make sure your friends and coworkers know you are on a staycation. Kids with special needs refer to any kid who might need extra help because of a medical, emotional, or learning problem. For example, kids who cannot walk need wheelchairs. They not only need equipment that helps them get around, but they might need to have ramps (坡道) or elevators' available.__1__ Kids with an illness would have special needs, too. __2__Kids with sight problems might need Braille books to read. Kids with hearing problems might need hearing aids. __3__ It might be harder to do normal things, like learning to read or just getting around the school. The good news is that parents, doctors, nurses, teachers, and others can help. The goal is to help kids be as independent as possible. Other kids can also be a big help. How? By being a friend. Kids who use a wheelchair or have lots of health problems want friends just as you do. But meeting people and making friends can be difficult. __4__ Be sure to tell a teacher if you see someone being bullied (欺辱) or teased. __5__ Being friendly to kids with special needs is one of the best ways to be helpful. As you get to know them, they may help you understand what it's like to be in their shoes. And you'll be helping fill a very special need, one that everybody has—the need for good ends. A.Some kids might laugh at or make fun of them. B.It is good manners to offer help to kids with special needs. C.Life can be challenging for a kid with special needs. D.They also might need to get a special bus to school. E.They might need medicine or other help as they go about their daily activities. F.Also, try to be helpful if you know someone with special needs. G.Someone could have trouble with anxiety, but you wouldn't know it unless told about it. Passage 9 There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. __1__ The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. __2__ Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don't have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement. The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader's understanding.__3__ Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information. What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. __4__ Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, success of communication is achieved. __5__ It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well. A.The writer should have a better communicating skill. B.Such communication between unequals must be possible. C.We can get access to the content of those materials easily. D.The writer must be “superior” to the reader in understanding. E.Thus, we can employ the word “reading” in two distinct senses. F.Reading for entertainment is capable of increasing our understanding for information. G.Besides gaining information and understanding, there's another goal of reading—entertainment. Passage 10 We all wish we had just a bit more time. Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day: you could finally stick to an exercise routine, or springclean the house, or write your novel, or learn the guitar and so on. __1__ But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter. 1. Get Out of Bed Earlier If you normally get up at 7:30 a.m., try getting up at 7:00 a.m. That halfhour might not sound like much, but it could be time that you use to exercise, to read that book you've been meaning to finish. __2__ 2. Do the Important Tasks First Once you get to work, get the important ones done first (not the easy ones, or even the urgent ones). You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big, important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones. __3__ The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won't miss the important ones. 3. Reduce Interruptions If colleagues have a habit of hanging around your desk to chat, or if the phone is constantly ringing, you might find that it takes you half the day to finish a simple task like writing a letter. Constant interruptions don't just eat up time, they also break your concentration. When you've got a big task to focus on, let your calls go to voicemail. __4__ Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation. 4. __5__ A few minutes' chatting, browsing the web, and so on, can easily turn into hours of wasted time over the course of a day. When you're working, work. If your concentration is slipping, take a proper break: go and get a glass of water, or stretch your legs a bit. And if you're facing a difficult task, try breaking it into small steps or stages so that it's easier to deal with. A.Stay Focused on Your Work B.Take Breaks When Necessary C.If you have an office door, close it. D.If you work like this, you'll usually save time. E.Would you want me to make your day longer? F.I can't magically make all your days 25 hours long. G.Or simply to get your day off to a calm and organized start. Passage 11 Raising Confident Kids Selfesteem (自尊) is a collection of beliefs or feelings we have about ourselves. Having a healthy selfesteem can protect us through difficult times and help us remain focused on what is important to us. Research shows that children with high selfesteem grow up to be more confident adults. Selfesteem building should start from young. __1__ Praise Actions Young children need feedback. It's how they measure their actions and it plays a role in learning from experience. Provide specific praise about actual actions performed and efforts made in the process. __2__ Identify Strengths Preschoolers are always watching each other. On the bright side, they learn new things from each other. On the other side, they can become selfcritical when they see a peer accomplishing something they still struggle to do. __3__ Tell your children to focus on their strengths when they start to draw comparisons. Foster (培养) a Sense of Belonging Young children may not understand how peer pressure (同龄人的压力) works, but they feel it when they're being excluded (排除). Show your children that they are important by listening to and responding to their needs and ideas as much as possible. Save grownup conversations for later so that you can have family conversations. __4__ __5__ As much as they need us, they also need to work on taking small steps toward independence. When they know they can do things, they feel more confident. Teach problemsolving skills. Step aside and let them work on challenges before jumping in to help.Help by asking “How can we do this in a different way? Let's come up with some ideas together.” Getting kids involved in proble msolving teaches them how to deal with challenges in the future. Building and maintaining healthy selfesteem can be a lifelong process, but the sooner you start, the more confident your children will become. A.Encourage Independence B.Spend quality time with children C.Try to address their concerns as they arise, no matter how minor. D.If praise is only attached to success, kids will focus on “winning”. E.Be sure to point out your children's strengths regularly and be specific. F.Below are some tips to help you promote your children's selfesteem. G.Each parent has the responsibility to help children to become confident. Passage 12 How to Prepare a Lecture Being invited to give a lecture is an honor. It means that people regard you as an authority on a given field, subject, or issue. It means you are worth listening to. __1__ You have to make sure your lecture is interesting, and full of wisdom, from which the audience can take valuable insights. This is why it is important for you to prepare your lecture well. 1. Think of a good topic. You most likely will be assigned to talk about a certain topic. If that's the case, you only need to make an outline and do some research. But in some cases, you will have to think of your own topic. Although it gives you more freedom to do it, thinking of a topic can be tricky. __2__ Or pick a topic that is timely and socially relevant. 2. Make an outline for the lecture. Start by listing down the points that you will discuss, and then fill in each point with subpoints. If necessary, make a research about your topic. __3__ But if in so doing you end up with a very long outline, figure how you can shorten the topic or cut where cutting is needed. 3.__4__ Statistics, figures, medical information, historical accounts, and similar information should all be checked and it will save your credibility as an authority on the subject you are talking about. 4. Add humor. Don't engage your audience in a dragging soliloquy (独白). __5__ Humor will interest your audience. Of course, make sure the elements in your lecture are in line with your main topic and are not nonsense, racial, and offensive jokes. A.Check your lecture for accuracy. B.Giving a lecture is challenging, though. C.If necessary, provide your contact information, such as an email address or blog site. D.Instead, make your audience smile, or burst into laughter at certain points in your discussion. E.To make it easier, consider what will interest your audience. F.It should summarize your whole talk in one sentence. G.Don't be afraid of exploring the topic, as this will allow you to discover other points that need discussion. Passage 13 Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying.__1__However, most deaths result from panic,without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water. By adopting a brace(支撑) position (防冲击姿势), acting decisively and getting out fast, you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle. Brace yourself for impact (撞击力). As soon as you're aware that you're going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle,so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the “ten and two” position. Undo your seatbelt.__2__Unbuckle the children, starting with the oldest first. Forget the cell phone call. Your car isn't going to wait for you to make the call. __3__Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window. A car's electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water, so try the method of opening it electronically first.Many people don't think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking. Break the window. If you aren't able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, you'll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counterintuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car.__4__ Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival.__5__While there is still air in the car, take slow,deep breaths and focus on what you're doing. A. Open the window as soon as you hit the water. B. Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think. C. It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually. D. Such accidents are particularly dangerous due to the risk of drowning. E. In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you will be safe. F. This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic. G. But the sooner the window is open, the sooner you can escape directly through it. Passage 14 Your Teen Is Falling Asleep in Class Teens have a busy morning schedule as they need to wake up and get moving very early in order to catch a bus and get to school by the required time. This means teens need to get their rest the night before or they will be too tired to learn anything at school. __1__ When a teen falls asleep in class, two things happen: he/she misses what is being taught and he/she loses the respect of the teacher. He/She may also receive a consequence from the school, depending on the classroom discipline policy. __2__ To prevent your teen from being sleepy in class, try these three tips: *Set a time for “lights out” on school nights. This is never be any later than 10 p.m. and preferably 9 p.m. __3__ Soft music can be on and used to help calm your teen. *Help your teen develop a nighttime routine that involves activities that slow them down for the end of the day. __4__ Turning off the computer and disconnecting from friends and the excitement of the day an hour before bedtime will also help your teen relax. *__5__ This will reinforce (增强) what it feels like to be rested and capable of accomplishing what he/she wants. A.What's worse, they may even fall asleep in class. B.Taking a bath and reading are two activities that work well. C.Set a good example and show him/her your love for learning. D.Point out the positives after your teen has had a good night's rest. E.“Lights out” means the compute r, television, lights and cell phone should be off. F.All of these things affect your teen's academic success and can be avoided. G.While your teen keeps his/her goals in line with your expectations, he/she may have his/her own goals. Passage 15 If you think you've gained too much weight or are too skinny, you can talk to a doctor. Your doctor will tell you __1__ If it is concerned about your height, weight, or BMI (体重指数), your doctor may ask questions __2__. Your doctor may also ask about your family background to find out if you've received something from your parents that might make you taller, shorter, or a late bloomer (someone who develops later than other people of the same age). The doctor can then put all the information together to decide __3__. If your weight isn't in a healthy range, you will probably get specific diet and exercise recommendations based on your individual needs. Following a doctor's or dietitian's plan designed especially for you will work much better than following fad (时尚) diets. For teens, fad diets or starvation plans can actually slow down growth, and the weight loss usually doesn't last. What __4__? Most teens who weigh less than other teens of their age are just fine. They may be going through puberty on a different schedule than kids of the same age, and their bodies may be growing and changing at a different rate. Most underweight teens catch up in weight as they finish puberty during their later teen years so there's rarely a need to try to gain weight. In a few cases, teenagers can be underweight because of a health problem that needs treatment. If you feel tired or ill a lot, or __5__, or other problems that have lasted for more than a week or two, be sure to let your parents or your doctor know. A. whether you might have a weight or growth problem B. if you have symptoms like a cough, stomachache C. about your health, physical activity, and eating habits D. if you're worried about being too skinny E. if you take care of it F. whether you're growing normally G. about your dieting Passage 16 Traditional teen bullying tends to decline with age, peaking during middle school and decreasing during high school. Cyber (网络) bullying might be an exception, however. More research is needed to determine whether this form of teen bullying becomes less common as children grow up. ?Respond to teen bullying. If your child admits being bullied, take action. Start by reassuring (安抚) your child. __1__ Don't take cell phones away or cut Internet connections as a consequence of being bullied. Never imply (暗示) that getting bullied is your child's fault. ?Record the details. Write down the details—the date, who was involved and what specifically happened. Record the facts as objectively as possible. ?__2__ Start with a teacher who knows your child well. Ask whether your child's classroom behavior has changed or if there are any other warning signs. You might also consult a school dean, counselor or other school contact. __3__ Ask for help to solve the bullying problem. Keep notes on these meetings. Remember that it can take time for teachers and administrators to look into bullying in a fair and factual way. ?Ask for a copy of the school's policy on bullying. Find out how bullying is addressed in the school's curriculum, as well as how staff members are supposed to respond to known or suspected bullying. If these steps don't seem to help or your child has been hurt by continued bullying, consult a mental health provider. __4__ Taking legal action to break bullying can make your community safer for all teens. __5__ Even if your child doesn't confess (承认) to being bullied, offer specific suggestions to stop bullying. A.Explain your concerns in a matteroffact way. B.Talk to your child about teen bullying. C.Report dangerous situations. D.Tell your child that you'll do everything in your power to help. E.You might also consider talking to a lawyer. F.Just say “stop” or walk away from the bully. G.Meet with school authorities.