高中英语被动语态讲解

高中英语被动语态讲解 一、英语语态 英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。而英语的语态则主要是通过动词形式的变化 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。如:Many people speak English. Speak这个动作是由主语many people 来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”再如:English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。 判断:看下面的两个例句,你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动? He opened the door.他开了门。(____________) The door was opened.门被开了。(____________) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的,其记忆歌诀:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。 说明:那么,什么时候用被动语态呢?简单的说,凡是汉语中带“被”的句子,都能转换成英语的被动语态。 几种常用时态的被动语态构成: 1.一般现在时:主+ am/is/are+过去分词 肯定句:Bikes are ___________(sell)in that shop. 否定句:Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑问句:Are bikes sold in that shop? - 1 - 答语:Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 2.一般过去时:主+was/were+过去分词 肯定句:China was ___________(liberate)in 1949. 否定句:China was not liberated in 1949. 疑问句:Was China liberated in 1949? 答语:Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. 3.一般将来时:主+shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词 肯定句:An English class will be ___________(give)by Jack tomorrow. 否定句:An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow. 疑问句:Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? 答语:Yes, it will. / No. it won't. 4.现在进行时:主+am/is/are + being+过去分词 肯定句:A car is being ___________(drive)now. 否定句:A car is not being driven now. 疑问句:Is a car being driven now? 答语:Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 5.现在完成时:主+have / has+ been+过去分词 肯定句:A road has been ___________(build)by the government. 否定句:A road hasn't been built by the government. 疑问句:Has a road been built by the government? 答语:Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't. 6.过去完成时的被动语态:主+had+been+过去分词 肯定句:His english book had been stolen by his classmates 否定句:his english book hadn’t been stolen by his classmates 疑问句:had his english book been stolen by his classmates? 答语:yes ,it had./No, it hadn’t 7.情态动词:主+情态动词+be + 过去分词 1)This clock can be ___________(repair)here. 2)The trees may be ___________(plant)at other times of the year. 3)The composition must be ___________(hand)in after class. 4)The young trees should be ___________(plant)in spring. 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如: Some new computers were ___________(steal)last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was ___________(publish)in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如: The window was ___________(break)by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。This book was ___________(write)by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要; 动作承受者需强调,被动语态定运用到。 主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来 决定 郑伟家庭教育讲座全集个人独资股东决定成立安全领导小组关于成立临时党支部关于注销分公司决定 be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。All the people laughed at him.→ He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.→ The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 歌诀:情态动词变被动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留。We can repair this watch in two days. → This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away.→ It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once.→ It should be done at once. 六、含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构 口诀:如遇双宾语,最好变间宾。如若变直宾,be done后加to(或for)含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变;另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。例如: 1. My father gave me a new book on my birthday. → I was given a new book(by my father)on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) → A new book was given to me(by my father)on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) 2. Father bought me a new coat. → I was bought a new coat . (间接宾语作了主语) → A new coat was bought for me. (直接宾语作了主语) 七、感官动词与使役动词的被动语态 一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形(实为省略to的动词不定式)作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。 He made me stand outside. → I was made to stand outside(by him). I saw him pla y football. → He was seen to play football(by him). 有一个顺口溜方便记忆: 宾补动词真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪。 主动句中to走开,被动句中to回来。 Where there is a will ,there is a way! 有志者事竟成!