端午节由来与传说

端午节是古老的传统节日，始于中国的春秋战国时期，至今已有2000多年历史。端午节的由来与传说很多，但主要有四点： 源于纪念屈原 人们用龙舟竞渡、吃粽子、喝雄黄酒的风俗纪念爱国者屈原。 　 源于纪念伍子胥　 源于纪念孝女曹娥 源于古越民族图腾祭 据统计端午节的名称在我国所有传统节日中叫法最多，达二十多个，堪称节日别名之最。如有端午节、端五节、端阳节、重五节、重午节、天中节、夏节、五月节、菖节、蒲节、龙舟节、浴兰节、粽子节 、午日节、女儿节、地腊节、诗人节、龙日、午日·灯节等等。 和端午 （张耒） 竞渡深悲千载冤，忠魂一去讵能还。 国亡身殒今何有，只留离骚在世间。 六幺令．天中节 虎符缠臂，佳节又端午。 门前艾蒲青翠，天淡纸鸢舞。 粽叶香飘十里，对酒携樽俎。 龙舟争渡，助威呐喊，凭吊祭江诵君赋。 感叹怀王昏聩，悲戚秦吞楚。 异客垂涕淫淫，鬓白知几许？ 朝夕新亭对泣，泪竭陵阳处。 汨罗江渚，湘累已逝，惟有万千断肠句。 五月五日 》（梅尧臣） 屈氏已沉死，楚人哀不容。 何尝奈谗谤，徒欲却蛟龙。 未泯生前恨，而追没后踪。 沅湘碧潭水，应自照千峰。 《和端午》 （张耒） 竞渡深悲千载冤，忠魂一去讵能还。 国亡身殒今何有，只留离骚在世间。 《已酉端午》 （贝琼） 风雨端阳生晦冥，汨罗无处吊英灵。 海榴花发应相笑，无酒渊明亦独醒。 《端午》 （唐·李隆基） 端午临中夏，时清日复长。 盐梅已佐鼎，曲糵且传觞。 事古人留迹，年深缕积长。 当轩知槿茂，向水觉芦香。 亿兆同归寿，群公共保昌。 忠贞如不替，贻厥后昆芳。 赛龙舟 吃粽子 佩香囊 悬艾叶菖蒲 悬钟馗像 挂荷包和拴五色丝线 龙舟趣事 赛龙舟：当时楚人因舍不得贤臣屈原死去，于是有许多人划船追赶拯救。他们争先恐后，追至洞庭湖时不见踪迹，是为龙舟竞渡之起源，后每年五月五日划龙舟以纪念之。借划龙舟驱散江中之鱼，以免鱼吃掉屈原的尸体。竞渡之习，盛行于吴、越、楚。清乾隆二十九年台湾开始有龙舟竞渡，当时台湾知府蒋元君曾在台南市法华寺半月池主持友谊赛。现在台湾每年五月五日都举行龙舟竞赛。香港有竞渡，近来英国人也有仿效我国人作法，组织鬼佬队，进行竞赛活动。 吃粽子的趣事 吃粽子：荆楚之人，在五月五日煮糯米饭或蒸粽糕投入江中，以祭祀屈原，为恐鱼吃掉，故用竹筒盛装糯米饭掷下，以后渐用粽叶包米代替竹筒。 饮雄黄酒：此种习俗，在长江流域地区的人家很盛行。 游百病：此种习俗，盛行于贵州地区的端午习俗。 佩香囊：端午节小孩佩香囊，不但有避邪驱瘟之意，而且有襟头点缀之风。香囊内有朱砂、雄黄、香药，外包以丝布，清香四溢，再以五色丝线弦扣成索，作各种不同形状，结成一串，形形色色，玲珑夺目 ：Dragon Boat Festival The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous rice（糯米）wrapped to form a pyramid using bamboo or reed leaves) and racing dragon boats. The festival is best known for its dragon-boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes. This regatta（赛舟会）commemorates the death of Qu Yuan , an honest minister who is said to have committed suicide by drowning hilf in a river. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu situated in present-day Hunan and Hubei provinces, during the Warring States Period (475-221BC)（战国时期）. He was upright, loyal and highly esteemed for his wise counsel that brought peace and prosperity to the state. However, when a dishonest and corrupt prince vilified Qu, he was disgraced and dismissed from office. Realizing that the country was now in the hands of evil and corrupt officials, Qu grabbed a large stone and leapt into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth month. Nearby fishermen rushed over to try and save him but were unable to even recover his body. Thereafter, the state declined and was eventually conquered by the State of Qin. The people of Chu who mourned the death of Qu threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the fifth day of the fifth month. But one year, the spirit of Qu appeared and told the mourners that a huge reptile（爬行动物）in the river had stolen the rice. The spirit then advised them to wrap the rice in silk and bind it with five different-colored threads before tossing it into the river. During the Duanwu Festival, a glutinous rice pudding called zong zi is eaten to symbolize the rice offerings to Qu. Indients such as beans, lotus seeds（莲子）, chestnuts（栗子）, pork fat and the golden yolk of a salted duck egg are often added to the glutinous rice. The pudding is then wrapped with bamboo leaves, bound with a kind of raffia and boiled in salt water for hours. The dragon-boat races symbolize the many attempts to rescue and recover Qu's body. A typical dragon boat ranges from 50-100 feet in length, with a beam of about 5.5 feet, accommodating two paddlers seated side by side. A wooden dragon head is attached at the bow, and a dragon tail at the stern（船尾）. A banner hoisted on a pole is also fastened at the stern and the hull is decorated with red, en and blue scales edged in gold. In the center of the boat is a canopied shrine behind which the drummers, gong（铜锣）beaters and cymbal（铙钹）players are seated to set the pace for the paddlers. There are also men positioned at the bow to set off firecrackers, toss rice into the water and pretend to be looking for Qu. All of the noise and pageantry creates an atmosphere of gaiety and excitement for the participants and spectators alike. The races are held among different clans, villages and organizations, and the winners are awarded medals, banners, jugs of wine and festive meals.