milling machine - 机械制造专业英语

铣床 Most basic milling machines are of column-and-knee construction ,employing the components and motions . The column , mounted on the base , is the main supporting frame for all the other parts and contains the spindle with its driving mechanism . As indicated , this construction provides controlled motion of the worktable in three mutually perpendicular directions : (1) through the knee moving vertically on ways on the front of the column , (2) through the saddle moving transversely on ways on the knee , and (3) through the table moving longitudinally on ways on the saddle . All of these motions can be imparted either by manual or powered means . In most cases , a powered rapid traverse is provided in addition to the regular feed rates for use in setting up work and in returning the table at the end of cut . When a milling machine has provision for just the three mutually perpendicular table motions just described , it is called a plain column-and -knee type .these are available with both horizontal and vertical spindles . A horizontal spindle , plain , column-and-knee type is shown in Fig.16-3 . On this type an over-arm is mounted on the top of the column to provide an outboard bearing support for the end of cutter arbor when required . A plain , vertical spindle , column-and-knee milling machine is shown in Fig.16-4 . In some machines of this type the spindle is mounted in a sliding head that can be fed up and down either by power or by hand . V ertical-spindle machines are especially well suited for face-and end-milling operations . T hey also are well suited for drilling and boring , particularly where holes must be accurately spaced in a horizontal plane , because the controlled table motion provides an easy means for accomplishing this . O n universal column-and-knee milling machines a swivel table housing is mounted on the saddle and carries the table . B y this feature the table can be swiveled in a horizontal plane , thus increasing the flaxibility of the machine and permitting the milling of helices , as found in twist drills , milling cutters , and helical gear teeth . R am-type milling machine is a special type of column-and-knee milling machine that has a spindle head mounted on the end of a horizontally adjustable ram . T his spindle head can be swiveled about a horizontal axis so that milling can done horizontally , vertically , or at any angle . T his added flexibility is advantageous where a variety of work has to be done , as in tool and die or experimental shops . 大多数铣床是升降台式机构,包括零部件和运动系统。安装在基座上的立柱对于其他部分来说是主要的支撑性结构并且包含一个带有驱动装置的主轴。如文,这个结构提供在三个相互垂直方向上可控制的工作台:(1)通过升降台在立柱前的导轨上实现垂直方向上移动(2)通过床鞍在升降台上的导轨上实现横向运动(3)通过工作台在升降台的床鞍上来实现纵向移动。所有这些运动可以通过手动或机动来实现。在大部分情况下,每一次切削加工完成之后,一个快速的机动运动可以实现除了用于安装工作和回退工作台所需正常的进给速度。 当一个铣床有三个相互垂直的工作台的运动就像前面所描述的那样,就叫做普通的升降台铣床。主轴的形式可以立式也可以是卧式。就像在图16-3所示的一个普通卧式升降台铣床(卧铣)。当你需要时,有一个悬梁被安装在立柱的顶端用来提供一个外置的对刀杆顶部的轴承的支撑。如图16-4所示的一个普通的立式升降台铣床。这个种类的许多机器主轴被安装在一个滑动装置中间,它可以通过机动或手动上下移动。立式铣床尤其适合端铣和立式加工,也非常适合钻孔和挖空,尤其适合那些孔必须准确地被放置在水平面,因为可控工作台运动对完成加工提供了一个非常方便的方式。 在一个万能升降台铣床上,一个旋转的工作台回转盘被安装在床鞍上面并支持这个工作台,由于这个特点,工作台可以在水平面内旋转,因此增加了设备的柔性且允许螺杆的铣削像铣削麻花钻、铣刀、螺旋齿轮那样。 滑枕式铣床是一种特殊类型的升降台铣床,主轴箱安装在水平的可以调节的滑枕端部。主轴箱可以绕着水平轴线旋转因此铣削可以是水平、垂直或者任何角度。它所增加的是在各种工件的加工中所需要的柔性是有利的,就像在工具、模具、实验车间那样。