香港廸士尼开业带来的预期利益及存在的问题毕业论文

暨南大学本科毕业论文 本科毕业论文格式要求一、论文的结构与要求毕业设计（论文）包括以下内容（按顺序）：本科论文包括封面、目录、标 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 、内容摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献等部分。如果需要，可以在正文前加“引言”，在参考文献后加“后记”。论文一律要求打印，不得手写。1．目录目录应独立成页，包括论文中全部章、节和主要级次的标题和所在页码。2．论文标题论文标题应当简短、明确，有概括性。论文标题应能体现论文的核心内容、法学专业的特点。论文标题不得超过25个汉字，不得设置副标题，不得使用标点符号，可以分二行书写。论文标题用词必须 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 ，不得使用缩略语或外文缩写词（通用缩写除外，比如WTO等）。3．内容摘要内容摘要应扼要叙述论文的主要内容、特点，文字精练，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，包括主要成果和结论性意见。摘要中不应使用公式、图表，不标注引用文献编号，并应避免将摘要撰写成目录式的内容介绍。内容摘要一般为200个汉字左右。4．关键词关键词是供检索用的主题词条，应采用能够覆盖论文主要内容的通用专业术语（参照相应的专业术语 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ），一般列举3——5个，按照词条的外延层次从大到小排列，并应出现在内容摘要中。5．正文正文一般包括绪论（引论）、本论和结论等部分。正文字数本科不少于6000字，专科一般不少于5000字，正文必须从页首开始。*绪论（引论）全文的开始部分，不编写章节号。一般包括对写作目的、意义的说明，对所研究问题的认识并提出问题。*本论是全文的核心部分，应结构合理，层次清晰，重点突出，文字通顺简练。*结论是对主要成果的归纳，要突出创新点，以简练的文字对所做的主要工作进行评价。结论一般不超过500个汉字。正文一级及以下子标题格式如下：一、；（一）；1.；（1）；①。6．注释注释是对所创造的名词术语的解释或对引文出处的说明。注释采用脚注形式，用带圈数字表示序号，如注①、注②等，数量不少于10个，脚注少于10个的论文为不合格论文。7．参考文献参考文献是论文的不可缺少的组成部分,是作者在写作过程中使用过的文章、著作名录。参考文献应以近期发表或出版的与法学专业密切相关的学术著作和学术期刊文献为主，数量不少于6篇，参考文献少于6篇的论文成绩评定为不合格。产品说明、技术标准、未公开出版或发表的研究论文等不列为参考文献，有确需说明的可以在后记中予以说明。二、打印装订要求论文必须使用标准A4打印纸打印，一律左侧装订，并至少印制3份。页面上、下边距各2.5厘米，左右边距各2.2厘米，并按论文装订顺序要求如下：1．封面封面包括《广西广播电视大学关于毕业设计（论文）评审表》（封面、附录4）、《学生毕业设计（论文）评审表》（封2）、《广西广播电视大学关于毕业设计（论文）答辩申报表》（封3、附录5）。 2．目录目录列至论文正文的三级及以上标题所在页码，内容打印要求与正文相同。目录页不设页码。3．内容摘要摘要标题按照正文一级子标题要求处理，摘要内容按照正文要求处理。4．关键词索引关键词与内容摘要同处一页，位于内容摘要之后，另起一行并以“关键词：”开头（采用黑体），后跟3~5个关键词（采用宋体），词间空1字，即两个字节，其他要求同正文。5．正文正文必须从内容提要页开始，并设置为第1页。页码在页末居中打印，其他要求同正文（如正文第5页格式为“―5―”）。论文标题为标准三号黑体字，居中，单倍行间距；论文一级子标题为标准四号黑体字，居中，20磅行间距；正文一律使用标准小四号宋体字，段落开头空两个字，行间距为固定值20磅；正文中的插图应与文字紧密配合，文图相符，内容正确，绘制规范。插图按章编号并置于插图的正下方，插图不命名，如第二章的第三个插图序号为“图2—3”，插图序号使用标准五号宋体字；正文中的插表不加左右边线。插表按章编号并置于插表的左上方，插表不命名，如第二章的第三个插表序号为“表2—3”，插表序号使用标准五号宋体字。6、 参考文献按照GB7714—87《文后参考文献著录规则》规定的格式打印，内容打印要求与论文正文相同。参考文献从页首开始，格式如下：（1）著作图书文献序号 作者 《书名》，出版地：出版者，出版年份及版次（第一版省略）如：[4] 劳凯声 《教育法论》，南京：江苏教育出版社，2001（2）译著图书文献序号 作者 《书名》，出版地：出版者，出版年份及版次（第一版省略）（3）学术刊物文献序号 作者 《文章名》，《学术刊物名》，年卷（期）如：[5]周汉华 《变法模式与中国立法法》，《中国社会科学》，2000（1）（4）学术会议文献序号 作者 《文章名》，编者名，会议名称，会议地址，年份，出版地，出版者，出版年（5）学位论文类参考文献序号 作者 《学位论文题目》，学校和学位论文级别，答辩年份（6）西文文献著录格式同中文，实词的首字母大写，其余小写。参考文献作者人数较多者只列前三名，中间用逗号分隔，多于三人的后面加“等”字（西文加“etc.”）。学术会议若出版论文集者，在会议名称后加“论文集”字样；未出版论文集者省去“出版者”、“出版年”项；会议地址与出版地相同的省略“出版地”，会议年份与出版年相同的省略“出版年”。三、毕业设计（论文）装袋要求毕业设计（论文）是专业教学的重要内容，必须规范管理，统一毕业设计（论文）材料装袋要求：1、论文稿本。经指导的提纲，一稿、二稿和装订好的正稿。2、过程记录表。包括指导教师指导记录表，学生毕业设计（论文）评审表（答辩过程记录表）等；3、相关材料。法专业要求的其他材料，如法学社会调查报告等。中国环境教育立法研究内容摘要摘要：目前，我国学术界对环境教育立法问题的研究还处于起步阶段，有关环境教育的法律规范也很不完善，影响和限制了我国环境教育的大力推行和良好普及，实质上是制约了我国解决环境问题的能力和可持续发展的进程。本文从环境问题的现状入手，阐释了环境教育立法的必要性和可行性，介绍了其他国家和地区的环境教育立法实践，在总结国内外先进经验的基础上，提出了对我国环境教育立法的构想。以期通过加强教育立法的途径，实现我国环境教育的普及，为改善解决我国环境问题的能力和可持续发展的进程创造条件。关键词：环境问题环境教育环境教育立法 一、环境问题、环境教育与环境教育立法（一）环境问题马克思说：“人靠自然界生活，这就是说，自然界是为了不致死亡而必须不断与之交往。所谓人的肉体生活和精神生活同自然界相联系，也就等于说自然界同自身相联系，因为人是自然界的一部分。” 生存与发展是人类社会最基本的主题。在人类与环境不断地相互影响和作用中，环境问题始终是伴随着人类的活动产生和发展的。不幸的是，在相当长的时期内，人类过分强调了作为自然主人的一面，夸大了人的主观能动性作用，忽视甚至忘却自然界的惩罚。环境问题并非始于今日，早在200年前的第一次工业革命时期就产生了环境问题。到了本世纪50年代，环境事件不断出现和加剧。到了70～80年代则出现了全球性的环境危机。目前全球人口正以每年9 000万的速度增长，预计到21世纪中期，世界人口将达到100亿。 人口无节制地增长，给地球的生态环境和有限的自然资源带来了沉重的压力。联合国列出了威胁人类生存的全球十大环境问题：全球气候变暖；臭氧层的损耗和破坏；酸雨蔓延；水资源危机；生物多样性减少；大气污染；有毒有害化学物质污染与危险废物越境转移；森林面积锐减；土地荒漠化；海洋污染。随着我国社会经济的迅速发展，环境保护与经济发展之间的矛盾日益凸显。20世纪最后几年有三件震撼国人的大事足以说明我国环境问题的严重性，已显示出环境破坏给人类带来的灾难性的报复。一是1997年创纪录(227天)的黄河断流；二是1998年的长江大水灾；三是2000年波及北京等地的频繁的沙尘暴。专家指出了目前困扰中国环境的十大问题。1、大气污染问题2004年我国二氧化硫排放量为1 995万吨，居世界第一位。据专家测算，要满足全国天气的环境容量要求，二氧化硫排放量要在现有基础上至少削减40%。此外，2004年中国烟尘排放量为1 165万吨，工业粉尘的排放量为1 092万吨。大气污染是中国目前面临的第一大环境问题。2、水环境污染问题中国七大水系的污染程度依次是：辽河、海河、淮河、黄河、松花江、珠江、长江，其中，42%的水质超过3类标准（不能做饮用水源），全国有36%的城市河段为劣质5类水质，丧失使用功能。大型淡水湖泊（水库）和城市湖泊水质普遍较差，75%以上的湖泊富营养化加剧，主要由氮、磷污染引起。3、垃圾处理问题中国全国工业固体废物年产生量达8.2亿吨，综合利用率约为46%。全国城市生活垃圾年产生量为1.4亿吨，达到无害化处理要求的不到10%。塑料包装物和农膜导致的白色污染已蔓延全国各地。（二）环境教育与环境问题的关系1、环境教育的发展历程环境教育的起源，一直可以追溯到19世纪末20世纪初的自然研究（Natural Study）。当时在学校开展自然研究的基本目的是教育学生通过亲身观察和参与，了解和评价自然环境。到20世纪上叶，人们认识到保护生态和自然环境的重要性，保护运动（Conservation movement）在社会中形成，学校教育在自然研究的基础上引入了自然保护的教育内容，这就是环境教育的萌芽。（1）国外环境教育的发展历程1972年在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩召开的“世界人类环境会议”是环境教育发展的一个里程碑。为了响应斯德哥尔摩会议的第96条建议，联合国教科文组织和联合国环境规划署于1975年颁布了国际环境教育 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 （IEEP），其目的是在环境教育领域内，促进经验和信息的交流、研究和实验、人员培训、课程和相应教材的开发及国际合作。1975年，在前南斯拉夫的贝尔格莱德召开的国际环境教育会议，通过了《贝尔格莱德宪章：环境教育的全球纲领》。该宪章根据环境教育的性质和目标，指出环境教育是“进一步认识和关心经济、社会、政治和生态在城乡地区的相互依赖性；为每一个人提供获得保护环境的知识和价值观、态度、责任感和技能；创造个人、群体和整个社会行为的新模式。”此后，《贝尔格莱德宪章》成为世界各国制定环境教育纲要与章程的重要依据之一。而环境教育的普及对环境相关法律的立法、执法都可起到相当大的辅助作用。大力开展环境教育，使环境意识特别是环境保护法律意识深入人心，使人们认识到环境问题不仅是社会问题，更是可以涉及到每个人切身利益和法律责任、社会责任的问题，认识到环境问题和法律责任的关系，更好地使环境保护法律成为预防环境问题发生的利剑，这样可以达到依法治理环境和人们自觉保护环境的目的。二、中国环境教育立法的必要性和可行性（一）中国环境教育立法的必要性当一种社会关系需要用立法来调整，说明这种社会关系的重要性。中国环境教育专门立法是否必要，则完全取决于以下前提：（1）环境教育的重要性；（2）环境教育立法对社会经济发展的重要作用。五、结论21世纪是环境世纪，公众的环境意识通过环境教育来建立。根据我国人口多，地区经济水平差异大，公民受教育程度不一的现状，要使公众的环境保护意识提高到一个比较高的水平，实现社会——经济——环境的协调发展，尽早达到国家的可持续发展目标，构建和谐社会，通过立法机关制定完善的、具有可操作性的《环境教育法》不失为一个有效的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。希望对促进我国环境教育法律体系的建立提供一些有益的参考。 识和关心经济、社会、政治和生态在城乡地区的相互依赖性；为每一个人提供获得保护环境的知识和价值观、态度、责任感和技能；创造个人、群体和整个社会行为的新模式。”此后，《贝尔格莱德宪章》成为世界各国制定环境教育纲要与章程的重要依据之一。而环境教育的普及对环境相关法律的立法、执法都可起到相当大的辅助作用。大力开展环境教育，使环境意识特别是环境保护法律意识深入人心，使人们认识到环境问题不仅是社会问题，更是可以涉及到每个人切身利益和法律责任、社会责任的问题，认识到环境问题和法律责任的关系，更好地使环境保护法律成为预防环境问题发生的利剑，这样可以达到依法治理环境和人们自觉保护环境的目的。二、中国环境教育立法的必要性和可行性（一）中国环境教育立法的必要性当一种社会关系需要用立法来调整，说明这种社会关系的重要性。中国环境教育专门立法是否必要，则完全取决于以下前提：（1）环境教育的重要性；（2）环境教育立法我国环境教育法律体系的建立提供一些有益的参考。 毕业论文 香港廸士尼开业带来的预期利益及存在的问题 诚 信 声 明 我声明，所呈交的毕业论文是本人在老师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我查证，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。我承诺，论文中的所有内容均真实、可信。 毕业论文作者签名： 签名日期： 年 月 日 香港廸士尼开业带来的预期利益及存在的问题 [摘要]这篇论文与香港第一个开业的主题乐园有关。廸士尼乐园, 一个世界闻名的主题乐园, 选择在香港建立她的第五个乐园王国。这件盛事对香港所有的市民应是既快乐也期待的。 可是, 由于受到环境变化和难以预料的因素影响, 香港廸士尼在开业后有不少问题产生。在这种情况下, 最迫切完成的是寻求可行的解决辨法。因此, 我们应该根据禾路廸士尼公司及香港政府就香港廸士尼开业前预期所产生的好处与实际运作后产生的问题作比较, 从而找出可行及适当的解决方法。 [关键词]香港廸士尼乐园; 禾路廸士尼公司; 预期利益; 存在问题； 解决办法 Expected Benefits from the Opening of Hong Kong Disneyland and the Existing Problems [Abstract]This thesis is about the first overseas theme park opened in Hong Kong. Disneyland, a world-class and famous resort theme park, chose to build in Hong Kong. It should be a grand occasion and welcomed by every Hong Kong citizen. Before the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland, the Walt Disney Company and the Hong Kong Government had a very high expectation on this project. So they predicted that Disneyland can bring lots of benefits such as large amount of profit, development of the tourism sector, and etc. However, the variable environment and unexpected factors caused lots of problems after the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland. Under these circumstances, the urgent thing needs to do is to find out the solution to the problems. So in this case, we should analyze the expectation by Walt Disney Company with Hong Kong Government and the outcome after the operation of Hong Kong Disneyland, compare these two situations and find out possible and suitable solutions. Key Words: Hong Kong Disneyland; Walt Disney Company; expected benefits; existing problems; tentative solutions Contents Chapter 1 A brief introduction of Hong Kong Disneyland 1 11.1 The famous theme park in the world 11.2 The Reasons for building Hong Kong Disneyland 11.2.1 Situation faced by Walt Disney 1.2.2 Situation faced by Hong Kong Government 2 CHapter 2 The Benefits 4 2.1 To Walt Disney Company 4 2.1.1 PROFITS 4 2.1.2 LOW CONSTRUCTION COST 5 2.1.3 POTENTIAL OF INCREASING TOURISTS (ATTENDANCE) 6 2.1.4 A STEPPING STONE TO ENTER THE CHINESE MARKET 8 2.2 To Hong Kong Government 8 2.2.1 STIMULATE HONG KONG ECONOMY 8 2.2.2 REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 10 2.2.3 STIMULATE TOURISM SECTOR 11 2.2.4 INTANGIBLE BENEFITS 12 CHAPTER 3 EXISTING PROBLEMS TO HK DISNEYLAND…..….………................................................14 3.1 Miscalculation 14 3.2 Limited attracting ability and developing area 14 3.3 External competitor 15 3.3.1 THE HOMETOWN COMPETITOR 15 3.3.2 THE COMPETITOR IN CHINA 15 3.4 Dissatisfied Hong Kong Citizens 16 3.4.1 THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 16 3.4.2 ABUSING JURISDICTION GETS THE NOTICE OF PUBLIC 16 CHAPTER 4 eXISTING pROBLEMS TO Hong Kong Government 17 4.1 TO HK GOVERNMENT 4.1.1 Possibility of profit earned 17 4.1.2 The inefficiency of job created 17 4.1.3 Environment 18 4.2 TO THE ENVIRONMENT 4.2.1 REDUCING THE ATTRACTION OF HONG KONG 18 4.2.2 AIR POLLUTION 18 4.2.3 DEATH TO MARINE LIFE 19 CHAPTER 5 Tentative Solutions 20 5.1 SOLUTION FROM Walt Disney Company 20 5.1.1 SOLUTION TO MISCALCULATION OF ATTENDANCE 20 5.1.2 SOLUTION TO ATTRACT MORE VISITORS 20 5.1.3 SOLUTION TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS 20 5.1.4 SOLUTION TO RDDUCE REJECTION VOICE 21 5.2 SOLUTION FROM Hong Kong Government 21 5.3 Solution to reduce the pollutantS 22 Conclusion 23 Acknowledgements 24 Bibliography 25 Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction of Hong Kong Disneyland 1.1 The famous theme park in the world Hong Kong Disneyland Resort is the fifth theme park of Walt Disney Company. After the first overseas theme park opened in Tokyo, Japan, this is the third theme park opened by Walt Disney Company outside America. Although Tokyo Disneyland is the first overseas theme park, Walt Disney Company takes no ownership of the theme park in order to limit the risks. As a result, Tokyo Disneyland becomes the most profitable theme park when compared with the other parks. So Walt Disney Company decided to become a partner in the investment when building Disneyland Paris. However, what had been expected by Walt Disneyland did not become true. It not only bears a heavy debt, but also needs to face a lot of problems. So this time, when building Hong Kong Disneyland, Walt Disneyland used a very strict and serious manner to make a good planning. Hong Kong Disneyland is a joint venture operated by Hong Kong International Theme Parks Limited (HKITP), which is jointly owned by Hong Kong Government and Walt Disney Company. In early 1990s, the top management of Walt Disney Company began to visit lots of the Asian countries in order to find a suitable country to build the fifth Disney theme park in the world. Hong Kong, which is one of the most choices, was chosen by Walt Disney at last because of her best infrastructure and the high potential of mainland tourists. In the spring of 1999, Hong Kong Government and Walt Disney began to negotiate about Hong Kong Disneyland Plan. On 1, November, 1999, Walt Disney announced to the world that they had entered in an agreement and the construction work would begin soon. Hong Kong Disneyland will be divided into four major parts in Phase 1, which are the Main Street U.S.A, the Fantasyland, the Tomorrowland and the Adventureland. Also, there will be two hotels adjacent to the theme park. On 12, September, 2005, the opening ceremony of the theme park took place in the morning and the Hong Kong Disneyland opened to the pubic in the same afternoon. 1.2 The reasons for building Hong Kong Disneyland 1.2.1 Situation faced by Walt Disney Walt Disneyland Company owning 100% of Disney Enterprises Inc. is a worldwide entertainment company with operations in five business segments: media networks, studio entertainment, theme parks and resorts, consumer products and Internet and direct marking. In theory, provided with its famous brand name in the world and the second largest place in the media industry, they should able to earn lots of money. However, in fact, Walt Disney Company was suffering a profit slump at the end of the 20th century. All of the profits in the field such as the net income of the company, its studio division, the consumer product division, income, Disney’s catalogue and Internet operation were reported an income fall. In order to solve the problem, the most useful method is to find a growth driver. At this time, the theme park and resorts division are able to act at this role, the income from this sector increased by 12% to US$1.4 billion, while revenue increased US$10 to US$6.1 billion (Mary Ho, Su Han Chan, Ko Wang, 2000a:3-8). On the other hand, as the development in China becomes larger and faster, the potential of development in the Chinese market is very big, provided with the huge population density, Walt Disneyland believes that they are able to gain the market value as Mc Donald, which is one of the successful cases (Mary Ho, Su Han Chan, Ko Wang, 2000b:10-16). Also, there were many investors flocking to the mainland China, in order to gain a toehold in this enormous market, constructing the fifth theme park is also a wise decision. Although there were many different choices provided to Walt Disney Company, they finally chose Hong Kong for building their fifth Disney theme park because of her best infrastructure and the growing potential of tourists from mainland China. 1.2.2 Situation faced by Hong Kong Government Firstly, after the financial storm in 1997, the economy development in Hong Kong slowed down during these few years. It was mainly because the economy of Hong Kong overly relies on the property sector. So when the property market took a nosedive during the financial year of 1998-1999 after the financial storm, a budget deficit of HK$32 billion was resulted. HK Government needed to find out a method in order to turn over the plight. Secondly, the unemployment rate has stayed in a high position after the financial storm. Before the crisis, the unemployment rate in Hong Kong remained relatively low, not exceeding three percent. However, the unemployment rate surged to six percent within two years after 1997. As a result, many Hong Kong citizens have had a sense of job insecurity. This resulted in a much more caution about spending money which created a bad effect on Hong Kong economy. Also, the tourism sector in Hong Kong also receded seriously since 1997. Before the handover to China, the tourism sector in Hong Kong was very prosperous, nearly 12 million people visiting Hong Kong aimed to have a final look at the British colony. This brought in a foreign exchange of HK$104 billion in 1996. However, after Hong Kong’s return to China, the number of total visitors began to decrease, and the foreign exchange dropped to HK$55 billion in mid-1997 from HK$104 billion in 1996. In order to save the economy of Hong Kong, the Government believed that the only way was to develop the tourism industry. According to the situation faced by Walt Disney Company and Hong Kong Government, they both believed that Hong Kong Disneyland could generate certain benefits and advantages which were able to help them overcome the crisis faced by them. So they decided to set a joint venture company called Hong Kong International Theme Parks Limited (HKITP) and cooperated with each other. Chapter 2The Benefits from the Opening of Hong Kong Disneyland 2.1 To Walt Disneyland Setting up the fifth theme park by Walt Disney Company was a long planning and process. But finally, the company decided to implement this project because of the benefits generated. 2.1.1 Profits One of the major aims of Walt Disneyland Company is to find a growth driver to save the risks in her business, so the amount of net revenue that could be generated is the most important factor. After negotiating with Hong Kong Government, the two sides finally agreed to the following terms of the revenue given to Walt Disney Company: Fig. 2-1 the Revenue of Walt Disney Company Royalties 5% on gross revenues for merchandise, food and beverage, and hotels 10% on gross revenues for admission and participants who invested money toward the construction of specific rides Base management fee 2% o gross revenues Variable management fee 2-8% of EBITDA (Hong Kong Disneyland (A): The Walt Disney Perspective, 2000: 6) Such terms of revenue arrangement promised certain amount of income to Walt Disney Company. Also, forming a joint venture with Hong Kong Government could be entitled to dividends pro rata from operating profits of Disneyland when business results are permitted. 2.1.2 Low construction Building a theme park needs a large amount of investment because of the high construction cost, so it is another important factor affecting the net profit of Walt Disneyland Company. But in Disneyland project, Walt Disney Company bore the least amount of cost when building the theme park. Nearly 90% of the costs were borne by Hong Kong Government. So it is very profitable to build Disneyland with such a low cost. Constructing the theme park included land reclamation cost, superstructure and facilities erection cost, and the recurrent operating cost of the theme park. The major costs of building Hong Kong Disneyland is the land reclamation, infrastructure and the land premium cost. The land reclamation and infrastructure cost would amount to HK$13.6 billion, but the cost would be borne by Hong Kong Government because much of the infrastructure would form part of the Government’s capital works program to prepare Northeast Lantau for tourism and recreation development even if HK Disneyland were not built. On the field of the land premium, the Company believed that the park would not be profitable to pay for the HK$4 billion for using the land, so they bargained with HK Government for free land use. Although Walt Disney Company was required to pay for a land premium at first, the Government finally decided not to charge any cost for the land premium. Compared with the investment for setting up Paris Disneyland, the cost of constructing Hong Kong Disneyland is relatively low. The following table shows out the details of the cost distribution borne by Hong Kong Government. Fig. 2-2 the Construction Costs Borne by Hong Kong Government (HK Tourism Commission and Economic Services Bureau, “Briefing Paper: HK Disneyland”, NOV. 1999) *A: Land Formation B: Construction of associated infrastructure & government, institution & community facilities # a: engineering cost b: public transport interchanges c: road works d: public transport interchanges e: public piers f: landscaping berms g: water recreation centre h: sewerage network i: storm water drainage system j: fresh and salt water supply systems k: provision of Government, institution and community facilities l: contingencies 2.1.3 Potential of increasing tourists (attendance) After the return to China in 1997, the tourists from mainland China began to increase. In 1998, the total number of visitors from mainland was 2.6 million and accounted for 27% of the total number of visitor arrival. In 1999, these mainland visitors contributed to 60% of the total visitor of Hong Kong major theme park---the Ocean Park. In 2000, the visitors from Mainland China increased to 3.7 million. Until 2006, after the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland at the final quarter of 2005, the visitors from Mainland China increased to 13.6 million. According to this trend, there is a great potential of growing visitors from the mainland to Hong Kong, especially those visitors from the Pearl River Delta region who have the highest average earnings in the mainland cities. Such data promised a steady and certain amount of visitors to Hong Kong Disneyland, also promised the revenue to Walt Disney Company. Here is the table of Visitor arrivals from Mainland China in the recent year and the total number of visitors to Hong Kong. Fig 2-3 the Number of Visitors to Hong Kong (Source: Hong Kong Tourism Board) Before the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland, Walt Disney Company had already made estimation about the future attendees between 2005 and 2024. Here is the graph of the estimated attendees of HK Disneyland between the years of 2005-2024. Fig. 2-4 the Projection of attendees at Hong Kong Disneyland (Hong Kong Disneyland (A): Walt Disney Perspective, 2000, projection prepared by the case writer) 2.1.4 A stepping stone to enter the Chinese market As mentioned before, one of the aims of Walt Disney Company is to gain a toehold in China market, opening the fifth Disney theme park in Hong Kong should be the most suitable decision. It is because since the late 1970s, Hong Kong has already recognized the opportunities by opening up of the Mainland economy. During these few decades, Hong Kong strived for being the middleman between the Mainland and the rest of the world, and channeling trade and the huge market value in China. So investing in Hong Kong can give a stepping stone for Walt Disney Company to entering the huge Chinese market. 2.2 Benefits to Hong Kong Government 2.2.1 Stimulate Hong Kong economy After the financial storm in 1997, the economy of Hong Kong stayed in the period of recession. As mentioned before, Hong Kong was over reliant on the property sector, so when the property market took a nosedive during the financial year of 1998-1999, a budget deficit of HK$32 billion was resulted. In order to turn over the plight, Hong Kong Government believed that cooperation with the foreign company to open a new tourist spot should be a useful method. According to the statistics provided by Hong Kong Tourism Board, the 2006 spending figures showcase the increasing contribution of tourism to Hong Kong’s economy, with all market regions recording increase in total and per capita spending. The average per capita spending of overnight visitors, those staying one night or more, grew by 2.9% to HK$4799, while that of the same-day in-town visitors increased significantly by 25.3% from HK$810 in 2005 to HK $1015 in 2006. A key factor leading to the growth of same-day, in-town visitor spending is higher than average spending by consumption visitors from Mainland China. Continued with this development trend, the Government estimated that the GDP of Hong Kong will keep increasing because there will be more and more tourists attracted by the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland and more and more revenue will be brought to the hotel, retail, restaurant, local tour, entertainment and other tourism-related sectors by the increasing spending as a result. The graph under is the recent development of GDP in Hong Kong between the year 2000 and 2005. Fig. 2-5 the GDP of Hong Kong Economy in Recent Years (Hong Kong 2005, 2005:.466) The government hoped that with the increasing GDP of Hong Kong in the past few years, plus the stimulation of Hong Kong Disneyland, the continuing increase of GDP could help to bring our economy out of the valley of recession and recovery and become as prosperous as before. The following tables are the prediction of profit and cash flow generated from the HK Disneyland in next 20 years. These following graphs show the profit and cash flow created from HK Disneyland in the next 20 years are on the rise. This prediction is corresponding to the increasing GDP prediction by the Government. Fig. 2-6 the Projection for Hong Kong Disneyland Fig. 2-7 the Projection of Cash Flow for Hong Kong Disneyland (Mary Ho, Su Han Chan, Ko Wang. 2005b:18-19) 2.2.2 Increase unemployment rate The unemployment rate also stayed very high during the period of recession. Before the crisis, the unemployment rate in Hong Kong remained relatively low, not exceeding three percent. However, the unemployment rate surged to six percent within two years after 1997. As a result, many Hong Kong citizens have had a sense of job insecurity. This resulted in a much more caution about spending money which created a bad effect on Hong Kong economy. Fig. 2-8 the Unemployment Rate of Hong Kong Job Market Source: Government of the Hong Kong SAR, March 2000 and Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics 2005. (Hong Kong Economy: 20) In Disneyland project, there will be 18, 000 direct and indirect job opportunities created within these 20 years. The government hopes that this can help to relive the tension of the job market. Also, during the construction period, there will be more than 4,000 construction workers needed so that the high unemployment rate can be leased for a while immediately. 2.2.3 Stimulate tourism sector Before the handover to China, the tourism sector in Hong Kong was very prosperous, nearly 12 million people visiting Hong Kong aimed to have a final look at the British colony. This brought in a foreign exchange of HK$104 billion in 1996. However, after Hong Kong’s return to China, the number of total visitors began to decrease, and the foreign exchange dropped to HK$55 billion in mid-1997 from HK$104 billion in 1996. In order to save the tourism sector of Hong Kong, the Government believed that the only way was to draw some attractive tourist spot. Fig 2-9 the Total Number of Visitors from 1990-1998 to Hong Kong (Hong Kong Tourist Association: Visitor Arrival Statistics, November 1999) As Mr. Mike, the Tourism Commissioner, said “This (Disneyland) project tells the world that we are alive and kicking” . The project of Disneyland can help to reinvigorate the tired-looking of tourism sector by giving a positive image to Hong Kong. This was also a good change for Hong Kong to turnaround from the economic slowdown environment and diversified the phenomenon of over-reliance on the property sector. 2.2.4 Intangible benefits Finally, there are some intangible benefits to be generated too. The first one is the symbolic message sending to the world that Walt Disney chose Hong Kong as their fifth theme park resort. The international image of Hong Kong will be enhanced and the image of a vibrant, cosmopolitan and key tourist destination in Asia and the world will be set up. Such message can attract more people to come to visit and the investment from the world may be able to increase too. Secondly, as Walt Disney was renowned for its creativity, operational excellence and ability to deliver a high level of satisfaction to customers, it is able to set a new standard for the service industry in Hong Kong and stimulated the other service sectors to reach the world service standard. Thirdly, Hong Kong can learn about some high-tech technology as the operation of the theme park would showcase the best of cutting-edge technology in its attractions and shows. Then, as Disneyland resort announced providing family entertainment for their customers, Hong Kong families can have more choice when they are planning their family activities, so that the life quality in Hong Kong may be improved. Also, Walt Disney Company always emphasizes the training of their employees. There is a “Disney University” for its employees with a wide variety of career-development, so the workforce in Hong Kong can benefited from the resource given by the Company. Finally, as Walt Disney is an environmental friendly company, their experience about operating a company more environmentally can set a good standard for Hong Kong companies. Chapter3 Existing Problems to HK Disneyland However, although there are many benefits brought to Walt Disney Company and Hong Kong Government, the operation of Hong Kong Disneyland in the first year also created some problems to the company. 3.1. Miscalculation At the very beginning of the project, Walt Disney Company expected that 5.6 million visitors would come to the theme park in the first year. This expectation was made in 2002 when China only allowed its citizens to visit Hong Kong as part of tour groups. However, after the Individual Visit Scheme began in July, 2003, and extended to 40 cities in 2006, the number of attendees to HK Disneyland on theory should be more than expected. But the annual report by the HKITP stated that the total visitors to HK Disneyland cannot meet the first-year target of 5.6 million visitors. The attendance before the park’s anniversary had only exceeded 5 million visitors. Also, HK Disneyland planned that the maximum capacity of the park was 30,000 people each day. But, on the fund raising day of The Community Chest, confusion existed, and even the theme park only received 29,000 visitors. The Government had requested the theme park to reduce the park’s planning maximum capacity, but Walt Disney Company insisted that they could handle the operation smoothly by extending the office hour. However, in the first Lunar Year Holiday, the first and the second of January in 2006, large confusion happened. Thousands of Chinese tourists with ticket could not go into to the park because the entrance gate was fully occupied. The angry guests who were not willing to leave began to climb over the gate and argue with the staff and securities. Chaos happened in the whole day, the management of the theme park sometimes reopened or refunded to the tourists, but sometimes allowed their entrance. The tourists were very puzzled and confused. The park is notorious for its poor management. In this year, the entrance rate of HK Disneyland in Lunar New Year only reached 70%. Compared to the last year, many visitors were not willing to visit HK Disneyland, and some of them chose to visit the Ocean Park. 3.2. Limited attracting ability and developing area Compared with the other Disneyland theme parks in the world, HK Disneyland only has 22 scenic spots, where there are 44 spots in Disneyland Paris, 45 spots in Tokyo and Florida, and 65 spots in California. The total area of HK Disneyland Phase 1 is only 126hectares. There are only four themed lands to be found inside the park, which are the Main U.S.A., Adventureland, Fantasyland and Tomorrowland. The tourists who came to HK Disneyland can visit the whole park at once. So, the attraction for the tourists is relatively lower than any other Disneyland in the world. Unit now Disneyland in America is still continuing to expand its size in order to maintain 10million visitors every year. But HK Disneyland cannot imitate this method, because Hong Kong is too small to have enough land. Although the sea reclamation method can be used, the sea area inside Hong Kong is disappearing rapidly. Also, as the smallest Disneyland in the world, the overcrowding problem in HK Disneyland is another major reason which can reduce the attraction to tourists. On the fund raising day of The Community Chest on 4, September, 2005, the poor management of controlling entrance rate caused a full-occupied park. Visitors needed to wait nearly 3 hours for each game, the souvenir shops were full of customers, and the restaurants were so full that some tourists needed to use the rubbish bin as their lunch table. 3.3. External competitor 3.3.1 The hometown competitor The major competitor of HK Disneyland is the homegrown theme park- the Ocean Park. Ocean Park has been opened for more then 30 years. It aims at being developed into a world-class attraction scenic spot which allows people to connect with the nature and recognize its animal husbandry, research and relationship with the community. Last year, Ocean Park was chosen as the seventh most popular theme park in the world by the Forbes magazine. Also, the park recorded a bump of visitors in last year too. After the declaration of building a Hong Kong Disneyland at the Penny Bay, the park declared to redevelop itself. She had planned to use HK$5.5 billion to rebuild the park, in order to enhance the status of HK as a premier tourist destination and generate significant economic benefits. “We are grateful to the Government for its decision to financially support our redevelopment master plan which is a booster for the Park’s development. This support signifies the Government’s endorsement of Ocean Park as not only playing a key role in public education and conservation but also being a catalyst for increasing tourism, stimulating economic growth and facilitating the urban re-generation of the Southern District,” said Dr. Allan Zeman, Chairman, Ocean Park Corporation. The redevelopment of the park is expected to bring a net quantifiable economic benefit of from HK$40 to HK$48 billion and create 11,300 to 12,800 jobs during 2021-2022. 3.3.2 The competitor in China The second competitor is Shanghai Disneyland. Shanghai Disneyland is another risk threatening HK Disneyland in the next 10 years. According to Robertlger, the new administration president of Walt Disney Company, the second Disney Theme Park inside China will be set up in the future. The total area of this new theme park will reach 500 hectare, nearly 4 times of HK Disneyland Phase 1. 3.4 Dissatisfied Hong Kong citizens 3.4.1 The social organization Before the opening of HK Disneyland, there was a civil organization, the Disney Hunter, set up by different Hong Kong university students. They join together by person or in group. They aim to raise the concern of the society about the problems caused by Walt Disneyland. Such problems include the working conditions in the developing countries and the staff inside the park; the impact on our environment; social discrimination, etc. Before the day of the opening ceremony, Disney Hunter had organized a night meeting outside HK Disneyland aiming to demonstrate against the park. During the meeting, some demonstrators had crossed over the limit set by Disneyland’s security. As a result, the security used some “water hose” to push back the demonstrators and trample on their banner. Both sides involved in conflict, the police beside them using nonintervention method. Finally, the demonstrators leave peacefully, but they were still planning to organize another action to reflect their opinion against Disney Company. (Irving, 2005:A18; Lincoln, 2005:A06) 3.4.2 Abusing jurisdiction gets the notice of public Besides, the park was accused by critics on 30, August, that the park management abusing its jurisdiction by asking the health officers to remove identifying park of the uniform before going into their restaurants. (Jackson, 2006: 22) After that, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) reiterated in Press Release that the department staffs were empowered under the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance to inspect food premises and take enforcement actions for and breach of the law. "We attach great importance to the incident and find the request unacceptable. We have contacted the management of Hong Kong Disneyland and advised them the statutory role of our law enforcement officers." "The department will in all circumstances exercise its powers as necessary for the protection of public health," the spokesman said (Net. 1). The spokesperson of HK Disneyland immediately made apology to Hong Kong citizens and stated that there should be some misunderstanding between each another. However, the explanation was not quite accepted by HK citizens, the bad effect caused by this incident had not released. Chapter4 Existing Problems to Hong Kong Government and the Environment The operation of Hong Kong Disneyland in the first year even created some problems to government and the environment of our society. 4.1 To the government 4.1.1Possibility of profit earned In Disneyland project, Hong Kong Government has invested 2.3billions which accounts for 90% of the total investment. Based on the base tourists increasing rate, the market penetration rate, the government assumed that the attendees of HK Disneyland, the profit and cash flow in the next 20 years will continue to increase. But, in fact, the entrance rate of HK Disneyland cannot meet the first target of 5.6 million in the first year after the opening. Does this mean that the expectation of Hong Kong Government was too optimistic or does this mean that the government made a wrong decision? According to the Government prediction, in the next 40 years, HK Disneyland will bring 148 billion net profits to HK. But, according to the statistics of Hong Kong Tourism Board, the average expenditure by the tourists decreased from HK$5, 502 in 2003 to HK$4, 478 in 2004. On the other hand, the number of visitors in 2006 cannot reach the target 2.7million with only 2.5million. For this reason, Hong Kong Tourism Board has already reduced the number of assumed tourists coming to Hong Kong from 8.1% to 4.6% in 2007. Many critics pointed out that if the situation of annual visitors and average tourist expenditure continue to reduce, is the prediction by the Government able to achieve? Or is it too good to come true? On the other hand, the government has invested over HK$2.3 billion in Disneyland project, but the management authority belongs to Walt Disney Company, not the HK Government. In fact, except Tokyo Disneyland which is operated by Japanese themselves is making profit each year, the rest in the world continue to make a deficit. To add, last year the result of the entrance ticket and the demand for touring bus are not the same as anticipated. This statistics made many people worried if HK Disneyland was able to earn money under the management of Walt Disney Company. Is Hong Kong Government’s prediction about the next 40 years able to succeed? Such questions directly affect the development of HK economy. 4.1.2The inefficiency of job created According to the Government’s expectation, there will be 18, 000 direct and indirect job opportunities created from HK Disneyland. Also there will be 36, 000 job positions created within the next 20 years. Apparently, HK Disneyland is beneficial to Hong Kong employment situation, but in fact, the jobs created by HK Disneyland are usually some low-technique and low-paid jobs, which are not beneficial to raising the technology and production ability of Hong Kong. Also, the staff required by HK Disneyland must be able to speak Cantonese, English and Mandarin. For the middle-aged group and low education level group it is not helpful. Then, some investigation reflected that the tourism industry will reduce the whole salary standard in Hong Kong job market. In Osceola, Florida, the actual salary standard between 1979 and 1997 continually slide after developing their tourism industry, only 12% salary was above the standard. On the other hand, during the publicity, Disneyland stated that the minimum wages to each staff must be above HK$9,000 per month, but some job positions only have HK$6,050 per month such as cleaning and restaurant staff. Also, the staff of Disneyland needs to bear the transportation cost and time cost, but they do not have the allowance of double-paid and others except some medical welfare. 4.2 To the environment 4.2.1 Reducing the attraction of Hong Kong The Friends of the Earth pointed out another negative impact on Hong Kong is the investment from overseas and the attraction for professional to Hong Kong will be decreased if the polluting level continues to increase. “Recently, a survey by the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong …… 79% feel environmental issues will make Hong Kong less attractive to foreign companies (1). The study surveyed 140 top executives from member companies of the chamber. ” (The American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, Position Paper: Air Quality in Hong Kong (August 2006)) The loss caused by this negative impact is difficult to be calculated. It not only affects the economy environment in Hong Kong but also and affects the health of our next generation. Both are contradictory to the original aim of the government. 4.2.2 Air pollution Firework show is the star turn in every Disneyland theme park. Everyday, as the closing time approaches, Disneyland will operate a firework show to signify the close of the park. The show is very popular. Many tourists will wait inside the park until the end in order to enjoy the show. In Disney resort in Anaheim, they are using a new air launch technology in order to reduce ground-level smoke. However, this technique isn’t used by Disney Company inside Hong Kong because the released pollutants caused by gunpowder-send technique can meet the local environmental requirements. But some critics do not agree with the government. One of the legislators of Islands District Council, Amy Yung, had said that “Why the Disney Company used this technique in American, but not in Hong Kong?” in the Island District Council Meeting. Also, the environmental organization, Friends of the Earth, stated that the pollutants caused by the firework inside Disneyland could increase the level of air pollution or the nearby residential area, the impact of the increasing pollutants can cause a health threat to the residents, especially for sensitive groups. 4.2.3 Death to marine life The Penny Bay reclamation project has caused lots of death to the marine life, especially to the Sousa Chinensis. According to the WWF, one of Hong Kong's leading environmental charitable organizations, the discovery number of Sousa Chinensis has continued to decrease in the last 11 years, dramatically decreased by 40%. It is because the reclamation project in the Penny Bay has caused lots of pollutants in the sea water. In March of 2005, the suspension particle in sea water recorded 30% exceeding the standard. In the final analysis, the pollution to our natural environment is mainly because of the HK Government. In order to finish the construction of HK Disneyland punctually, the Government approved the reclamation project without the permission by the Environmental Department. After that, the Civil Engineering and Development Department “illegally” dig away the sand at the sea bed. This action eventually destroyed the habitat of Tabular Corals and also caused the death of thousand of marine life. Some fishermen in Lantau Island pointed out that the reclamation project had caused the death of more than 2,000 burdens fish. Chapter 5 Tentative Solutions 5.1 Solutions from Walt Disney Company 5.1.1 Solution to miscalculation of attendance In order to control the number of visitors on some specific day, the most effective way is to control the number of tickets on the specific day. After the Lunar New Year in 2006, Hong Kong Disneyland learnt to use this method to control the number of visitors. However, the shadow still cannot release the bad memory of the visitors. 5.1.2 Solution to attract more visitors As mentioned before, the expansion of size to increase attraction is not possible, and the only way is to create new things to increase her attraction in order to maintain the freshness to tourists. The recent program promoted by Disneyland is called “903 Disney Attack”. The Disneyland teamed up the hottest young adult radio channel CR2 to host this party. This party will transform the futuristic Tomorrowland into one of a kind of late-night playground featuring a giant dance floor and party zone, and hosted by CR2’s top DJs including Sammy and the I Love You Boyz. The Party will be held after the show of firework and ended until the midnight. 5.1.3 Solution to increase competitiveness Faced with two large competitors, HK Disneyland must find out some methods to resist the threat. According to the theory of strategic management, the external factors, such as competitor, can have a great impact on the firm performance. It is because such factors can affect both the industry average performance and the relative firm performance within the industry. To solve the problem caused by external factors, we should use strategic method to increase the company’s competitive advantage and reduce the threat from others. One of the methods is changing customer knowledge. Changing customer knowledge can help to develop the loyalty of the customers to particular company, because the knowledge about the company can help the customers to appreciate the importance and the quality of the products or services produced by the company, and developed their brand loyalty as a result. According to Josh.D.Amaro, Hong Kong Disneyland‘s head of Sales and Travel Trade Marketing, the customers is not familiar with Disneyland theme park, especially the customers from Mainland China. In order to improve the familiarity of customers, Josh suggested that they should launch a 10 to 15 minutes show to every customer. Also, strengthening the sales and marketing initiatives is another useful method. And the theme park can launch some new promotion programs to raise the attention of the customers such as Halloween Day, Christmas Day and Lunar New Year, etc. Increasing the knowledge of Disneyland in tourist can increase the competitive advantage of the theme park. On the other hand, another method is finding out the key success factor of Disneyland and striving to develop its strength. 5.1.4 Solution to reduce rejection voice As Hong Kong citizens are one of the major customers to HK Disneyland, the Company should deal with the problem carefully. From the last decade of 20th century, communicating with the public was one of the major strategies of many organizations. So, making a good relationship with the public should be the most useful and effective tool to reduce the bad effect by the oppositional force. Changing the mind of “Disney Hunter” is quite hard, so the only way to do is to persuade “the silent majority” to believe that the benefits of HK Disneyland are larger than the disadvantages. It is because “the silent majority” always holds the key to success and they are usually the most readily influenced by the organization’s communicators. The most common example is the political campaigns. On the other hand, when facing the demonstration again, the park should not solve this by force. It is because Hong Kong is a city suggesting the freedom of speech, force is not allowed and permitted by every Hong Kong citizen, and such action will cause lots of dispute and debate. It is very easy to create a bad image to HK Disneyland. 5.2 Solution from Hong Kong Government In fact, the problem faced by Hong Kong Government is Hong Kong citizen lacks confidence in their Government. One of the methods is to educate Hong Kong citizens that the development of this project is in a good situation, such as telling the citizen that the expected data of visitor cannot reach the target number, but it will not affect the profit and benefits from the theme park. Also, the Government should make some investigation and survey to prove that a large investment especially involved with an international cooperation must need a period of time to make revenue, so the public should have patience and should not make judgments in such a short time. On the field of job market, the Government has continued to provide many training programs to different people. The Labor Department has introduced a package of market oriented employment initiatives method such as The Employment Programme for the Middle-Aged, Skills Upgrading Scheme for workers with secondary, or below secondary education. Also, the government tried to improve the job market by creating a number of temporary jobs from 2000 year. This scheme can help the unemployed enter or re-enter the labor market and meet operational needs. In 2005, 11, 600 temporary jobs were extended. Many to those jobs were suitable for workers with a lower education and skills level. So, the inadequacy of the job provided by Disneyland can be supplemented by other job schemes. 5.3 Solution to reduce the pollutants One of the most efficient ways to reduce the pollutants and improve the air quality at Lantau Island is to install the new fireworks launch system in the Disneyland Park, because one of the reasons to accelerate the pollution at Penny Bay is the pollutants emitted by the firework. Reducing the pollutants is able to reduce the pollution level at Lantau Island. Also, implementing a continuous monitoring on the air quality at Lantau Island can be helpful to protect the environment. The data collected by the monitor station can be used for doing environmental research and testing possible solution. Conclusion On current situation, HK Disneyland seems to bring many problems. Such problems are very hard and tough to Hong Kong. But, in the final analysis, the conclusion of HK Disneyland’s future cannot be made in such a short time. “It was too early to deliver a verdict on HK Disneyland”—John a professor of hotel and tourism management at HK Polytechnic University (Lam,1999:13). From the opening ceremony until now, the Disneyland has operated not more than 2 years. It is too unfair to judge whether it is successful or not based on her short life. “It’s going to take 10 or 15 year for us to really say’ yeah, was it worth our while” “No business is necessarily going to be operationally successful and viable in the first year of operation” some words by HK citizens (Irving, 2005:A18). But there are still many problems and difficulties produced by HK Disneyland. This accusation is not allowed to deny HK Disneyland. “I think they have learned their lessons after this year” said the opposition lawmaker Sin Chung-Kai (Lincoln, 2005:A06). Although the operation experience of HK Disneyland is not very good, still some people believe that “The park record was still outstanding by local standards” (Irving, 2005:A18). They are still willing to give chances to HK Disneyland to have a bright future. Acknowledgements I would like to thank all the people and teachers who have helped me during these few years, especially Professor Peng Hongbing, who is very patient and kind to me. Since the first year in Jinan, Professor Peng has taught us much knowledge, which helps me a lot. During these few years in Jinan University, I have learnt many things: not only the knowledge from the books, but also the way of getting along with people. After these few years, I become an independent and confident person. I hope that this experience can help me make a bright and colorful career. Bibliography [1]C.K.Ko, Anthony. Management Policy and Strategy [M]. Hong Kong: Open University of Hong Kong, 2006: 15-30. [2]Ho, Mary, Su Han Chan & Ko Wang. Hong Kong Disneyland [J].The Walt Disney Perspective, 2000a: 1-25. [3]Ho, Mary, Su Han Chan & Ko Wang. Hong Kong Disneyland (B) [J]. The HKSAR Perspective, 2000b: 1-25. [4]Ho, Mary, Su Han Chan, Ko Wang. Hong Kong Disneyland (C) [J]. The Joint Venture Negotiation, 2000 c: 1-6. [5]Hong Kong Government. Hong Kong 2005[R]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Press, 2005: 42-45. [6]Irving, Washington. Actions of Disney Hunter[N].Apple Daily, 2005-9-12(A18). [7]Jackson, Thomas. Government Expectation [N].Taipei Times, 2006-9-13 (22). [8]Leung, Michael. Hong Kong Economy [M]. Hong Kong: Open University of Hong Kong, 2006: 60. [9]Lincoln, Jim. The Pollutants of HK Disneyland[N]. Ming Newspaper, 2005-9-12(A06). [10]Lam, Gary. Death to the Marine Life[N]. South China Morning Post, 1999-11-21(13). [11]Malmberg, Melody. The Making of Hong Kong Disneyland: magic at work [M]. Hong Kong: Disney Enterprises, Inc. & Chris Baker of 8 Publishing Ltd, 2005: 123. [12]Robbins, Stephen P., Mary Coulter. Management [M]. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Inc, 2005: 202-230. [13]Seitel, Fraser P. The Practice of Public Relations [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua South China Morning Post, 1999-11-21(13).University Press, 2001: 100-120. [14]Tourism Commission, Transport Department. Arrangements for the Opening of Hong Kong Disneyland and Penny’s Bay[R]. Hong Kong: Tourism Commission; Transport Department, 2005: 60-65. [15]Net 1Steven Brown.2005.The Rejection Voice of Hong Kong Citizens http://www.fehd.gov.hk/news/details/09-09-2005-1302.html 毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明 本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 作 者 签 名：　　 　 　　日　 期：　　 　 　　 ​​​​​​​​​​​​ 指导教师签名：　　 　 　　 日　　期：　　 　 　　 使用授权说明 本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。 作者签名：　　 　 　　 日　 期：　　 　 　　 ​​​​​​​​​​​​ 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权　　 　 　大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 涉密论文按学校规定处理。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 指导教师评阅书 指导教师评价： 一、撰写（设计）过程 1、学生在论文（设计）过程中的治学态度、工作精神 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 2、学生掌握专业知识、技能的扎实程度 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 3、学生综合运用所学知识和专业技能分析和解决问题的能力 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 4、研究方法的科学性；技术线路的可行性；设计方案的合理性 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 5、完成毕业论文（设计）期间的出勤情况 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 二、论文（设计）质量 1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 三、论文（设计）水平 1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 建议成绩：□ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 （在所选等级前的□内画“√”） 指导教师： （签名） 单位： （盖章） 年 月 日 评阅教师评阅书 评阅教师评价： 一、论文（设计）质量 1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 二、论文（设计）水平 1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 建议成绩：□ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 （在所选等级前的□内画“√”） 评阅教师： （签名） 单位： （盖章） 年 月 日 教研室（或答辩小组）及教学系意见 教研室（或答辩小组）评价： 一、答辩过程 1、毕业论文（设计）的基本要点和见解的叙述情况 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 2、对答辩问题的反应、理解、表达情况 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 3、学生答辩过程中的精神状态 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 二、论文（设计）质量 1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 三、论文（设计）水平 1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 □ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 评定成绩：□ 优 □ 良 □ 中 □ 及格 □ 不及格 （在所选等级前的□内画“√”） 教研室主任（或答辩小组组长）： （签名） 年 月 日 教学系意见： 系主任： （签名） 年 月 日 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下进行的研究工作所取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中已经特别注明引用的内容和致谢的地方外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式注明并表示感谢。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者（本人签名）： 年 月 日 学位论文出版授权书 本人及导师完全同意《中国博士学位论文全文数据库出版章程》、《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库出版章程》(以下简称“章程”)，愿意将本人的学位论文提交“中国学术期刊（光盘版）电子杂志社”在《中国博士学位论文全文数据库》、《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》中全文发表和以电子、网络形式公开出版，并同意编入****《中国知识资源总库》，在《中国博硕士学位论文评价数据库》中使用和在互联网上传播，同意按“章程”规定享受相关权益。 论文密级： □公开 □保密（___年__月至__年__月）(保密的学位论文在解密后应遵守此协议) 作者签名：_______ 导师签名：_______ _______年_____月_____日 _______年_____月_____日 独 创 声 明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计(论文)，是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，成果不存在知识产权争议。尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本设计（论文）不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明。 本声明的法律后果由本人承担。   作者签名: 二〇一〇年九月二十日   毕业设计（论文）使用授权声明 本人完全了解**学院关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定。 本人愿意按照学校要求提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版，同意学校保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版，或采用影印、数字化或其它复制手段保存设计（论文）；同意学校在不以营利为目的的前提下，建立目录检索与阅览服务系统，公布设计（论文）的部分或全部内容，允许他人依法合理使用。 （保密论文在解密后遵守此规定）   作者签名: 二〇一〇年九月二十日 致 谢 时间飞逝，大学的学习生活很快就要过去，在这四年的学习生活中，收获了很多，而这些成绩的取得是和一直关心帮助我的人分不开的。 首先非常感谢学校开设这个课题，为本人日后从事计算机方面的工作提供了经验，奠定了基础。本次毕业设计大概持续了半年，现在终于到结尾了。本次毕业设计是对我大学四年学习下来最好的检验。经过这次毕业设计，我的能力有了很大的提高，比如操作能力、分析问题的能力、合作精神、严谨的工作作风等方方面面都有很大的进步。这期间凝聚了很多人的心血，在此我表示由衷的感谢。没有他们的帮助，我将无法顺利完成这次设计。 首先，我要特别感谢我的知道***老师对我的悉心指导，在我的论文书写及设计过程中给了我大量的帮助和指导，为我理清了设计思路和操作方法，并对我所做的课题提出了有效的改进方案。***老师渊博的知识、严谨的作风和诲人不倦的态度给我留下了深刻的印象。从他身上，我学到了许多能受益终生的东西。再次对周巍老师表示衷心的感谢。 其次，我要感谢大学四年中所有的任课老师和辅导员在学习期间对我的严格要求，感谢他们对我学习上和生活上的帮助，使我了解了许多专业知识和为人的道理，能够在今后的生活道路上有继续奋斗的力量。 另外，我还要感谢大学四年和我一起走过的同学朋友对我的关心与支持，与他们一起学习、生活，让我在大学期间生活的很充实，给我留下了很多难忘的回忆。 最后，我要感谢我的父母对我的关系和理解，如果没有他们在我的学习生涯中的无私奉献和默默支持，我将无法顺利完成今天的学业。 四年的大学生活就快走入尾声，我们的校园生活就要划上句号，心中是无尽的难舍与眷恋。从这里走出，对我的人生来说，将是踏上一个新的征程，要把所学的知识应用到实际工作中去。 回首四年，取得了些许成绩，生活中有快乐也有艰辛。感谢老师四年来对我孜孜不倦的教诲，对我成长的关心和爱护。 学友情深，情同兄妹。四年的风风雨雨，我们一同走过，充满着关爱，给我留下了值得珍藏的最美好的记忆。 在我的十几年求学历程里，离不开父母的鼓励和支持，是他们辛勤的劳作，无私的付出，为我创造良好的学习条件，我才能顺利完成完成学业，感激他们一直以来对我的抚养与培育。 最后，我要特别感谢我的导师***老师、和研究生助教***老师。是他们在我毕业的最后关头给了我们巨大的帮助与鼓励，给了我很多解决问题的思路，在此表示衷心的感激。老师们认真负责的工作态度，严谨的治学精神和深厚的理论水平都使我收益匪浅。他无论在理论上还是在实践中，都给与我很大的帮助，使我得到不少的提高这对于我以后的工作和学习都有一种巨大的帮助，感谢他耐心的辅导。在论文的撰写过程中老师们给予我很大的帮助，帮助解决了不少的难点，使得论文能够及时完成，这里一并表示真诚的感谢。 致 谢 这次论文的完成，不止是我自己的努力，同时也有老师的指导，同学的帮助，以及那些无私奉献的前辈，正所谓你知道的越多的时候你才发现你知道的越少，通过这次论文，我想我成长了很多，不只是磨练了我的知识厚度，也使我更加确定了我今后的目标：为今后的计算机事业奋斗。在此我要感谢我的指导老师——***老师，感谢您的指导，才让我有了今天这篇论文，您不仅是我的论文导师，也是我人生的导师，谢谢您！我还要感谢我的同学，四年的相处，虽然我未必记得住每分每秒，但是我记得每一个有你们的精彩瞬间，我相信通过大学的历练，我们都已经长大，变成一个有担当，有能力的新时代青年，感谢你们的陪伴，感谢有你们，这篇论文也有你们的功劳，我想毕业不是我们的相处的结束，它是我们更好相处的开头，祝福你们！我也要感谢父母，这是他们给我的，所有的一切；感谢母校，尽管您不以我为荣，但我一直会以我是一名农大人为荣。 通过这次毕业设计，我学习了很多新知识，也对很多以前的东西有了更深的记忆与理解。漫漫求学路，过程很快乐。我要感谢信息与管理科学学院的老师，我从他们那里学到了许多珍贵的知识和做人处事的道理，以及科学严谨的学术态度，令我受益良多。同时还要感谢学院给了我一个可以认真学习，天天向上的学习环境和机会。 即将结束*大学习生活，我感谢****大学提供了一次在**大接受教育的机会，感谢院校老师的无私教导。感谢各位老师审阅我的论文。 本科生毕业设计（论文）规范化要求 第一部分 学生应遵守以下规范要求 一、毕业设计论文说明 1. 毕业设计论文独立装订成册，内容包括： （1） 封面（题目、学生姓名、指导教师姓名等） （2） 中、外文内容摘要 （3） 正文目录（含页码） （4） 正文（开始计算页码） （5） 致谢 （6） 参考文献 （7） 附录 2. 中、外文内容摘要包括：课题来源，主要设计，实验方法，本人主要完成的成果。要求不少于400汉字，并译成外文。 3. 毕业设计论文页数为45页-50页。 4. 纸张要求：毕业设计说明书（论文报告）应用标准B5纸单面打字成文。 5. 文字要求：文字通顺，语言流畅，无错别字。 6. 图纸要求：毕业设计图纸应使用计算机绘制。图纸尺寸标注应符合国家标准。图纸应按“规范”叠好。 7. 曲线图表要求：所有曲线、图表、流程图、程序框图、示意图等不得徒手画，必须按国家规定标准或工程要求绘制。 8. 参考文献、资料要求：参考文献总数论文类不少于10篇、，应有外文参考文献。文献应列出序号、作者、文章题目、期刊名、年份、出版社、出版时间等。 二、外文翻译 1. 完成不少于2万印刷符的外文翻译。译文不少于5千汉字。 2. 译文内容必须与题目（或专业内容）有关，由指导教师在下达任务书时指定。 3. 译文应于毕业设计中期2月底前完成，交指导教师批改。 4. 将原文同译文统一印成B5纸规格装订成册，原文在前，译文在后。 三、形式审查 5月15日前，将毕业设计论文上交指导教师，审查不合格者，不能参加答辩。 四、准备答辩 答辩前三天，学生要将全部材料（包括光盘、论文）统一交指导教师。 关于毕业论文格式的要求 为方便统一、规范论文格式，现将学院的相关要求做如下强调、补充： 1. 基本要求 纸型： B5纸（或16开），单面打印； 页边距： 上2.54cm，下2.54cm，左2.5cm，右2.5cm； 页眉：1.5cm，页脚1.75cm，左侧装订 正文字体：汉字和标点符号用“宋体”，英文和数字用“Times New Roman”，字号小四； 图号1-1，指第1章第1个图 在图的前部要有文字说明（如图1-1所示） 表号3-5，指第3章第5个表 在表的前部要有文字说明（如表3-5所示） 图、表的标注字体大小是五号宋体 行距： 固定值20； 页码： 居中、小五、底部。 2. 封面格式 封皮： 大连理工大学城市学院（二号、黑体、居中） 本科生毕业设计（论文）（二号、黑体、居中） 学 院：（四号、黑体、居中、下划线：电子与自动化学院） 专 业：（四号、黑体、居中、下划线、专业名字之间无空格） 学 生：（四号、黑体、居中、下划线，名字是2个字的中间空1个字、3个或3个以上字的中间无空格） 指导教师：（四号、黑体、居中、下划线，名字是2个字的中间空1个字、3个或3个以上字的中间无空格，两位指导教师的中间用顿号“、”） 完成日期：（四号、黑体、居中、下划线，如：2009年5月25日） （注意：5个下划线两端也是对齐的，单倍行距） 内 封：大连理工大学城市学院本科生毕业设计（论文）（四号、黑体） 题目 （二号、黑体、居中）； 总计 毕业设计（论文） 页（五号、宋体） 表格 表（五号、宋体） 插图 幅 （五号、宋体） （注意：页数正常不少于40页，优秀论文原则上不少于45页） 3. 中外文摘要 中文摘要：标题“摘 要” （三号、黑体、居中、中间空1个字） 正文（不少于400字） 关键词 （五号、黑体）：3-5个主题词（五号），中间用分号“；”隔开。 外文摘要 （另起一页）：标题“Abstract” （三号、黑体、居中） 正文 （必须用第三人称） 关键词： Key words（五号、黑体）：3-5个主题词（五号）与中文关键词对应，中间用分号“；”隔开。 4. 目录 标题 “目录”（三号、黑体、居中）； 章标题（四号、黑体、居左）； 节标题（小四、宋体）； 页码 （小四、宋体）； 二、三级目录分别缩近1和2个字； 四级目录不在“目录”中体现，在正文中也不是单独一行，可以黑体（没有句号），然后空2个字接正文； 注意：正文中每章开头要另起一页； “目录”下方中间的页码和摘要一样统一用罗马字，顺接摘要的。 摘要 目录加页眉 5. 论文正文 页眉： 论文题目（居中、小五、黑体）； 章标题（三号、黑体、居中）； 节标题（四号、黑体、居左）； 正文 程序用“Times New Roman”，字号小四； 6. 参考文献 标题：“参考文献”（小四、黑体、居中） 参考文献的著录，按文稿中引用顺序排列，并注意在文内相应位置用上标标注，如：……的函数。 示例如下：（字体为五号、宋体） 期刊类：[序号]作者1，作者2，……作者n。文章名。期刊名（版本），出版年，卷次（期次）。页次 图书类：[序号]作者1，作者2，……作者n。书名。版本。出版地：出版者，出版年。页次 会议论文集：[序号]作者1，作者2，……作者n。论文集名。出版地：出版者，出版年。页次 网上资料：[序号]作者1，作者2，……作者n。文章名。网址。发表时间 7. 其它 量和单位的使用：必须符合国家标准规定，不得使用已废弃的单位（如高斯(G和Gg)、亩、克分子浓度（M）、当量能度（N）等）。量和单位不用中文名称，而用法定符号表示。 图表及公式：插图宽度一般不超过10cm，表名（小四）置上居中，图名（小四）置下居中。标目中物理量的符号用斜体，单位符号用正体，坐标标值线朝里。标值的数字尽量不超过3位数，或小数点以后不多于1个“0”。如用30Km代替30000m，用5µg代替0.005mg等，并与正文一致。图和表的编号从前至后顺序排列，图的编号及说明位于图的下方，居中；表的编号及说明位于表的上方，居中。公式编号加圆括号，居行尾。图表中的字体不应大于正文字体。注意：图表标题中的数字也是“Times New Roman”。 8．论文依次包括：封皮、内封、中文摘要、英文摘要、目录、正文、结论、致谢、参考文献、（附录），不要落项。 9．注意：上面没有说“加粗”的“黑体”，均为“黑体不加粗”。 补充： 1．答辩要求：自述15分钟，回答问题10分钟，自述要求使用PPT 答辩内容: 1）.论文题目 2）.设计内容 3）.设计方案 4）.如何完成设计 工作原理 软件或硬件设计 制作\调试\安装 5）.存在不足,今后努力的方向 6).致谢 3．最后上交学生装订好的论文、光盘、记录表、成绩单 4．光盘里的文件夹命名为：学号_姓名_年级专业班级 文件夹里包括的文件有：论文、ppt、英文翻译 1） 论文的文件名格式：学号_姓名_年级专业班号_题目（论文）_完成日期doc 2） ppt的文件名格式：学号_姓名_年级专业班号_题目（ppt）_完成日期ppt 3) 英文翻译的文件名格式：学号_姓名_年级专业班号_题目（英文翻译）_完成日期doc 例如： 答辩问题5个， 侧重总体思路一个 软件或硬件一个 翻译一个 其他2个 � Spoken by Mr. Mike Rowse, Tourism Commissioner; from Landler, M., “Hong Kong is Hoping Disney Magic Rubs Off”. PAGE _1233656257.xls _1237047483.xls _1240436609.xls _1240436690.xls _1237048412.xls _1235169372.xls _1233585267.xls _1233648990.xls