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冶金课件8英08《冶》Ex-Continuous Casting

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冶金课件8英08《冶》Ex-Continuous CastingPAGE 3 英08《冶金科技口译》(Ex) 8-Continuous Casting 8.3 Listening –Note-taking –Interpreting 〔原文:英译汉 1〕 The last two decades of the twentieth century saw a dramatic advance in the design of continuous casting machines. As a result, the design capacity of ...

冶金课件8英08《冶》Ex-Continuous Casting
PAGE 3 英08《冶金科技口译》(Ex) 8-Continuous Casting 8.3 Listening –Note-taking –Interpreting 〔原文:英译汉 1〕 The last two decades of the twentieth century saw a dramatic advance in the design of continuous casting machines. As a result, the design capacity of a continuous casting strand has virtually doubled, but the capital investment cost has not increased in the same way. // That is to say, the real investment cost per ton of capacity has declined. One of the factors in increasing capacity has been the gradual increase in casting speeds. // This in turn has led to the possibility to reduce the number of strands for a given production requirement. Today, for instance, a single-strand slab caster is applied where a two-strand caster was applied in the early days; billet / bloom casting machines also generally have fewer strands. Reducing strands reduces not only capital costs but also operation costs. 〔原文:英译汉 2〕 Most of the functions of a continuous casting plant and the necessary process parameters are automatically controlled and monitored. // The coordination of steel temperature, drawing speed, mould level control and strand cooling is of critical importance, This includes: Specifying set points for cooling, casting speed, mould oscillation and cut-to- length. 〔原文:英译汉 3〕 The types of continuous casting plants and their listing reflect the historical development of this technique: vertical, bending and straightening, circular bow, oval bow. // The evolution from one form to the next has been accompanied by a considerable reduction in overall height. In the case of the bow and oval plants, the strand does not leave the mould in a vertical form. // When passing into the horizontal position it is then straightened. Continuously cast sections are rectangular, square, circular or polygonal. // For structural sections, preliminary profiles are cast in a shape approximating the later cross-section. // Hollow sections are rarely produced. Continuous-casting cross-sections are substantially smaller than in the case of ingot castings. // This means that they can be shaped into the final product without prerolling. // Semis for downstream hot forming can be produced by continuous casting, which saves the investment cost to a considerable degree. For instance, a blooming train and a soaking pit are not needed. 〔原文:汉译英 1〕 人们在200多年前首次生产液态钢。// 自那以后的许多年中,几乎一直不变的操作工艺是通过模铸把钢水浇注成矩形的钢锭,再将钢锭经过随后的冷热加工获得理想的形状。// 这些钢锭在初轧机被轧制成大方坯或板坯,随后再进一步加工。 20世纪50年代在欧洲开发了连续铸钢,此后发展很快。现在世界上连铸的年生产能力超过了10亿吨,相当于钢总产量的89.7%。 〔原文:汉译英 2〕 发展连铸的初衷是去除模铸可能产生的缺陷,例如缩孔和缩管。// 连铸首先是用于有色金属的。// 20世纪60年代以来,连续铸钢责无旁贷地取代了钢锭浇注。 连铸的主要优点: · “无末端”铸流 · 收得率高于95% · 凝固均匀 · 浇注速度快 · 生产环节少,效率高 目前几乎所有连铸的钢种均适于轧制。// 这是因为炉外精炼,例如脱氧和脱气,为连铸创造了必要的前提条件。 〔参考译文:英译汉 1〕 连铸机在二十世纪最后二十年发展迅速。 结果是:连铸机每一铸流的 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 能力实际上是成倍增长,而基建投资的成本则并未相应增加。 这就意味着,吨钢生产能力的真正投资成本降低了。 生产能力提高的主要因素之一是拉速(拉坯速度)的逐渐提高。这样带来的结果是:减少铸流数量也能满足同样的生产要求。 比如:今天的一台单流板坯连铸机可以取代早些年间的双流连铸机;小方坯和大方坯连铸机的流数也在逐渐减少。 减少铸流数不仅降低了基建成本,也降低了操作成本。 〔参考译文:英译汉 2〕 连铸机的大部分功能和必要的工艺参数均可进行自动化控制和监控。// 协调钢温、拉速、结晶器液位控制和铸坯冷却是至关重要的。这包括:规定冷却、拉速、结晶器振动和定尺长度的设定点。 〔参考译文:英译汉 3〕 连铸机型式及其排列反映了这项技术的发展史:立式、立弯式、弧形、椭圆形。// 从一种形式到另一种形式的发展伴随着总高度的明显降低。 在弧形或椭圆形连铸机上,铸坯不是以垂直的形式离开结晶器的。//当进入水平位置时再矫直。 连铸断面有矩形、正方形、圆形和多边形(异形)。// 对于结构型钢,连铸坯的初步形状曲线大致就是最终的断面形状。很少用来生产空心型钢。 连铸断面比模铸断面小得多。这说明连铸坯不必预轧(初轧、开坯)就可成型为最终产品。// 下道工序热成型所用的半成品可采用连铸坯,这节约了大量投资。例如,不再需要(初轧机组)开坯机和均热炉(保温坑)。 〔参考译文:汉译英 1〕 Steel was first produced in a liquid state over 200 years ago. // For many years from then on, it was almost invariably the practice to cast it into rectangular blocks by ingot casting; and then, the desired finished shape is obtained by subsequent hot or cold working. // These ingots are rolled in primary mills to produce blooms or slabs which are further processed. In the mid 1950s, continuous casting of steel was developed and has since grown rapidly. // At present, the world capacity of continuous casting is over 1 billion tons per year, accounting for 89.7 percent of the total tonnage of steel. 〔参考译文:汉译英 2〕 The consideration initially behind the development of continuous casting was to exclude possible defects resulting from ingot casting, such as shrinkage cavities and pipes. // Continuous casting was first applied to non-ferrous metals. // Since 1960s, continuous casting has steadily displaced (taken the place of) ingot casting. The advantages of continuous casting are as follows: · “Endless” strands · Yield of more than 95% · Homogeneous solidification · Rapid casting · Improved efficiency because of fewer production stages Nowadays, almost all the grades of continuously cast steel are suited for rolling. // This is because secondary refining has created the necessary prerequisites, eg deoxidation and degassing.
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