258-260258 THE ORIGINS OF THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION
the only interesting question to be settled about the members of the
Three-Family Village is whether or not Deng Tuo committed lesemajeste by sniping at Mao in his essays. His widow, his collaborator
Liao Mosha, and h...
258 THE ORIGINS OF THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION
the only interesting question to be settled about the members of the
Three-Family Village is whether or not Deng Tuo committed lesemajeste by sniping at Mao in his essays. His widow, his collaborator
Liao Mosha, and his friends all claim he did not, but Deng Tuo took
that secret to the grave when he committed suicide at the beginning
of the Cultural Revolution. Suicide could have been a confession of
guilt; more likely it was a protest, a decision not to endure any more
suffering in a revolution which was now devouring its own children.
What seems highly unlikely is that an experienced cadre like Deng
Tuo would deliberately set out to avenge the humiliations he had
suffered at the Chairman's hands. It was far too dangerous. As the
behaviour of men considerably more senior than Deng Tuo at the
Seven Thousand Cadres Conference demonstrated, even at a time
when Mao felt compelled to apologize, it was foolhardy to rub it in.
Deng Tuo would undoubtedly have learned of the reaction to the
modest suggestion from his chief, Peng Zhen, about ascribing some
blame to the Chairman.
Deng Tuo clearly took advantage of the general attack on the
communist styles to vent his own exasperation at the leftism of
which Mao was the source. In a few cases he chose analogies and
illustrations which he probably realized were susceptible of the kind
of interpretation which Yao Wenyuan and others later put upon
them. But he may have done so less with deliberate intent to denigrate Mao-as other scholars have indicated, virtually all his barbs
applied to cadres at all levels-than with the thought 'If the cap fits...' Had Deng Tuo been as clearly attacking Mao as Yao later
alleged, it would surely have been a scandal among Beijing bureaucrats at the time, but in fact readers of the column appear to have
missed such innuendoes completely.64
It was rather the anti-GLF aspect of Deng Tuo's essays which
Mao's supporters disliked, for it induced an atmosphere antipathetic
to the leftism revived at the ioth plenum, which developed into the
Socialist Education Movement (SEM) and finally burst forth into
the Cultural Revolution. But that was insufficient reason for retrospectively making the 'Three-Family Village'-just one column
among many-a cause celebre at the outset of the Cultural Revolution; in I965-6, Deng Tuo, Wu Han, and Liao Mosha became catspaws in a larger political intrigue. And back in the summer of 1962,
Mao had more pressing matters on his mind than putative, obscure
ad hominem jibes by pseudonymous columnists.
PART THREE
CLASS STRUGGLE
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