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大学英语常考结构精讲大学英语常考结构精讲(下)

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大学英语常考结构精讲大学英语常考结构精讲(下) 第1课 我喜欢这里: I like here. Right: I like it here. I can succeed. Right: I can do it. I can make it. 注意生活中的英语: Nike胜利女神。 Just do it. Did you have a pleasant journey? (这时要用降调) I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me. Oh, thank...

大学英语常考结构精讲大学英语常考结构精讲(下)
第1课 我喜欢这里: I like here. Right: I like it here. I can succeed. Right: I can do it. I can make it. 注意生活中的英语: Nike胜利女神。 Just do it. Did you have a pleasant journey? (这时要用降调) I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me. Oh, thank god! He’s not the president now. (我很害怕) I was just screwed up. (我一团糟) 四级考试中常见的考察词汇的题型: I 押韵题型(押头韵、押尾韵); 答案总在相似中,如果有三个一样,基本上就在其中了。 54. The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded. A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently continue v. 继续,连续; continually adv. 时断时续地; continuously adv. 连续不断地。 说不停的咳嗽时,continually是间歇的时断时续的咳嗽,continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。 consequently adv. 因此,所以;(heavy rain大雨, light rain小雨) constantly adv. 始终如一地,连续发生地;constant temperature 恒温 consistently adv. 一贯地,一致地; consistent adj. consistent policy 一贯的政策。 36. I hate people who _C_ the end of a film that you haven't seen before. A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse rewrite v. 重写,改写; revise vt. 修改,修正; reveal vt. 揭示,揭露; reverse vt. 颠倒,使反转,使反向。(vers是词根,表示转动;re是前缀,表示向相反方向) 42. There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available performance n. 表演,演出,演奏; perform vt. possible adj. 可能的 动词后加able构成形容词通常表示“可…的” read -> readable accept -> acceptable consider vt. 考虑; considerable adj. (数量或尺寸)相当大(或多)的。 preferable adj. 更好的,更可取的; available* adj. 可获得的,可利用的,可支配的。(重点词) 33. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _D_ for living expenses. A acceptable B applicable C advisable D available living expenses 生活费; acceptable adj. 可接受的;apply vt. 申请,应用; applicable adj. 可应用的,适当的,合适的; advise vt. 建议; advice n. 建议; advisable adj. 明智的,可取的。 54. It is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. A consistent B continuous C considerate D continual achieve unity through peaceful means 通过和平手段取得统一; consistent policy 一贯政策 II 构词法题型(词的转化,合成,派生); 构成符合形容词的名词和数量词一律用单数。(见下面2个例题) 31. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our attention. A three-hours B three-hour C three-hours’ D three-hour’s 26. Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday. A two-thousand-words B two-thousands-word C two-thousand-word D two-thousands-words 以ly结尾的不全是副词; friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, lively adj. 考试中常见的否定前缀: un-、dis-、in-、im- 56. _B_ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others. A Dislike B Unlike C Alike D Liking like vt. 喜欢; dislike vt. 不喜欢,厌恶; unlike prep. 不象…; alike adj. & adv. 同样的(地),相象的(地); liking n. 爱好,嗜好; take a liking for喜欢…,对…产生好感。 III 近义词含义比较; 44. There were some _A_ flowers on the table. A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal unreal adj. 不真实的(不是真实世界所拥有的,虚幻的); Ends justify means 不择手段; false adj. 具有欺骗性的,假的,伪造的; false coin/passport/hair,a false tooth/false teeth unnatural adj. 不自然的,经常用来修饰人的行为举止,表示做作的,矫揉造作的。 artificial adj. 人造人为的 artificial leg 假肢artificial leather 人造皮 genuine leather 真皮 54. When people become unemployed, it is _C_ which is often worse than lack of wages. A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability laziness n. 懒惰; poverty n. 贫穷; poor adj. 贫穷的; idleness n. 无事可做(中性,有时也有贬义含义); inability n. 没有能力,没有办法。 69. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough _A_. A nuisance B trouble C worry D anxiety invade 进攻,侵略; nuisance n. (具体的)令人讨厌的东西; trouble n. 烦恼,麻烦,问题; worry n. 担心,发愁; anxiety n. 焦虑。 What a nuisance. 真是烦。 IV 搭配关系问题; extent n. 程度; to... extent 到达…程度,在…程度之上; extent 只能和to搭配。 object vi. 反对; object + to + 动名词(动词的ing形式)。 objection n. 反对; objection + to + 动名词(动词的ing形式)。 V 形相近,意相远; 65. In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _A_ spring. A late B last C latter D later late adj. 晚的,晚于通常时间的; late spring 晚春、暮春; last adj. 最后的,最终的; later adj. 更晚的(late的比较级)、时间概念后一半的;只适用于表示某个世纪的后半期; The later twentieth century. 二十世纪的后一半。 latter adj. (两者中)后者的; former adj. (两者中)前者的; 59. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _B_ in the market. A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels battery n. 电池; bargain n. 特价商品; It’s really a bargain. 你真会买东西,不是说真便宜。 basket n. 篮子; barrel n. 桶; wonderful bargain 物美价廉的商品;bargain v. 讨价还价; 53. Remember that customers don’t _D_ about prices in that city. A debate B consult C dispute D bargain 41. The bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. A after B with C by D from cause 事业; be named after 以…的名字命名; 42. There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available preferable adj. 更好的,更可取的; 35. _C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony. A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to 具有比较意味的形容词只要与介词to搭配即可表示其比较级。 super- 表示在…上方,超过… inferior adj. 低于…的,劣于…的; superior adj. 高于…的,优于…的; prior adj. 在…之前的 Revolutionary War 特指美国独立战争;second adj. 第二的(含有比较意味,也与to搭配) He is second to none. 首屈一指,无与伦比; 30. Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death. A of B to C with D from 43. It wasn't such a good dinner _C_ she had promised us. A that B which C as D what such … that … 如此… 以至于… ; sb + be + ___ + sth 空格处应为能加双宾语的动词; 加双宾语的动词的用法:动词 + sb + sth(主动形式); sb + be + pp + sth(被动形式); 59. American women were _D_ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. [the right to vote 选举权] A ignored B neglected C refused D denied deny v. 否认,拒绝;deny sb sth 拒绝给予某人某物; 44. They decided to chase the cow away _C_ it did more damage. A unless B until C before D although 45. _B_ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question. A Each B Any C Either D One common sense 常识; each 这个词在英语中强调的是个体与众不同的特点; any 这个词强调的是很多东西在一起的共性; either 两者之间任何一个; 31. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _C_ chemist’s. A each B some C any D certain 46. All _D_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed 当all作定语从句的先行词时,从句只能用that来引导; all that = what 47. _A_ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing 本题的关键是弄清compare与mountain的关系; when 可以直接加过去分词; before(after) + being + 过去分词; 44. After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed They lose their health to make money, and they lose their money to restore health. 48. _C_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. [专家] A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that 本题重点是强调句式; 当被强调部分指人且在句子中作宾语时,其余部分可用whom引导; 49. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _D_. A suit B set C one D pair 50. Many new _A_ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities 51. He must have had an accident, or he _A_ then. A would have been here B had to be here C should be here D would be here must have + 过去分词 表示对过去行为的肯定推测; 与过去事态相反用:情态动词 + have + 过去分词 来体现虚拟语气; must 一定,必须; needn't, don't have to 不必; 53. You _A_ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing. A needn’t have done B must not have done C shouldn’t have done D can not have done should have + 过去分词 本应该,本应当; shouldn't have done本不应该,本不应当; 44. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _D_ it. A mustn’t have done B wouldn’t have done C mightn’t have done D didn’t have to do 52. It was essential that the applications forms _C_ back before the deadline. A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent It be essential that 后面一定用虚拟语气,且句子谓语动词固定为(should) + 动词原型; It was essential that the applications forms send back before the deadline. 53. We _D_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had when 还可以表示①刚..就… (有动作先后关系)、②恰在此时; 44. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices. A as B while C after D when 45. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _C_ something occurred which attracted my attention. A unless B until C when D while 64. It was essential that these application forms _D_ back as early as possible. A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent第2课 非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语) 1.当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。 独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词] 现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。 54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely. A followed B following C to follow D being followed 49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off. A considered B be considered C considering D having considered call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。 独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语] 36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school. A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。 动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励; been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励 2.短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。 非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语) 句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。 43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏; to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏; 一些特殊的动词: 第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得; 这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。 注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。 forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事; remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事; 62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble. A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth. him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。 动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。 动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。 形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。 第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。 48. Your hair wants _B_. You'd better have it done tomorrow. A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut 注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。 18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_. A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned 第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是… 25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台] A making B to make C to have made D having made 55. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_. A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用; 感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。 56. The engine _D_ smoke and steam. A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体); give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。 57. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on. A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知 关于发布提成方案的通知关于xx通知关于成立公司筹建组的通知关于红头文件的使用公开通知关于计发全勤奖的通知 ,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情 keep me informed 使我被告知。 60. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. A after which B for which C with which D at which fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。 I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。 61. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood. A all in all B above all C after all D over all all in all 总而言之;above all 首先,尤其是;after all 毕竟,终究;overall 全面的,总体的 in a word 总之,in short 简而言之,in conclusion 最后,总之,to sum up总之,总而言之。 62. _B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now now that 既然,由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。 与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式: now that 既然,由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。 except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。 63. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders. A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to be attached to 连接,附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。 responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的,抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。 be contrary to 与..相反(相违背)。 64. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week. A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。 63. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_. A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。 65. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。 66. Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week. A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left be supposed to do sth. 应该(理应)做某事。 37. He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room. A known B considered C regarded D supposed regard as 把…认作 67. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied treat 对待,处理; I’ll treat you. 我请客,应用于真正请客之前。It’s on me. 应用于结帐时。 adjust vt. 调整,调节; adopt vt. 收养,领养; remedy vt. 弥补,补救,修正; 68. A new technique _C_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. A working out B having worked out C having been worked out D to have been worded out yields 产量; work out 作出,推出 关于百分数之前介词的用法 increase to 80 percent 增加到80% (增加到用to) increase by 60 percent增加了60% (表示增加的幅度用by) 55. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%. A by B for C to D in 69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_. A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed spoil vt. 宠坏,溺爱 70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son. A take B hand C think D get take over 接管接收; hand over 移交,交出; think over 仔细考虑; get over 克服,战胜。 41. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _A_ one this month. A another B more C the other D other 不定代词:1 两者中的一个用one;另一个则用the other; 2 很多东西中的一个用one; 剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多东西中的一个用one;剩下的所有里面再拿一个叫another; 在剩下的里面再拿一个还叫another(单数概念); 4 很多东西中拿了若干出来用some; 剩下所有叫others; other 后通常要加可数名词的复数形式; more 要用在数词的后面 once more 再来一个(用于很不正式的场合) vravo 再来一个(用于正式场合) 44. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_. A the other B any other C another D other neither 两者中任意一者都不 42. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be. A impression B reaction C comment D opinion reaction n. 反应; reaction to 对…作出反应。 43. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_. A finish what I did B finished what I did C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing as soon as所引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态搭配有一种情况是主从句都用一般过去时。 45. We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. A benefits B affects C guides D effects affect vt. 影响; effect n. 影响。 46. Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands? A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of in relation to 与…相比; in contrast to 与…形成对照; in excess of 超过,超出(一定的限定范围); in favor of 赞同,支持。 47. Children are very curious _D_. A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature at heart 在心理,在内心; heart 强调的是内心的感情,mind 强调的是思维,头脑,soul 灵魂 in person 亲自,本人; on purpose 有意的,故意的; by nature 生性(天性)使然。 48. The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court. A objected to having B were objected to have C objected to have D were objected to having 58. The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company. A have told B having told C being told D be told confess v. 忏悔; confess to 承认,坦白。 49. The teacher doesn’t permit _C_ in class. A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke permit v. 允许,准许; permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事; permit doing 允许做某事。 21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it. A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel 22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need. A all the information B all the informations C all of information D all of the informations 23. Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground. A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived 24. Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. [参与,参加] A conservative B content C confident D generous conservative adj. 保守的; conservative party 保守党; content adj. 甘愿的,满足的; confident adj. 自信的,有信心的; generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的。 25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_. A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied maintain 坚持认为; medium n. 媒体单数,media n. 媒体复数; grant vt. 授予,给予; imply vt. 隐含,暗示; exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张,高估; remedy vt. 弥补,补救,修正。 26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.[victims 受害人] A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded 27. I have no objection _B_ your story again. [object to + 动名词] A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard 28. The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position. A curiosity B status C determination D significance status n. 身份,地位; significance n. 意义,重要性; 29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind. A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate accurate adj. 精确的; urgent adj. 紧急的,紧迫的; excessive adj. 过多的,过度的; adequate adj. 充足的,足够的。 30. You will see this product _B_ wherever you go. A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising 31. The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land. A go along with B go back on C go through D go into go through 经历 32. The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A would present B present C presents D ought to present suggestion, suggest 所引导的句子都用虚拟语气。 should + (动词原形) 34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town. A to stop B stopping C stop D having stopped suggest + doing也可以 33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women. A whose B which C that D what whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers. 35. I didn't know the word. I had to _C_ a dictionary. A look out B make out C refer to D go over look up 查阅; look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查单词; reference n. 参考书目; reference room 资料室; 36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory. [sufficient 充足的,足够的;grounds 论据;arguments 论点] A to be based on B to base on C which to base on D on which to base base vt. 以…作基础,基于… which引导从句时,如果从句是介词结尾则介词应在which之前。 on which (he is) to base 37. There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A that B which C in which D whose sign n. 迹象; fact n. 事实; evidence n. 证据;后面常加同位语从句来说明具体内容。 同位语从句用that(不能省略)引导。 38. I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.[or else 否则,要不然] A or else B and then C or so D even so 39. It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students. A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable partial adj. 偏袒的,偏爱的(经常与to或towards搭配) 40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures. [figures 数目,数据;extra 额外的,附加的] A extensive B spare C extra D supreme 41. - "May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?" - "I'm sorry. Mr. Williams _A_ to a conference long before then." A will have gone B had gone C would have gone D has gone 当要表达将来的行为在将来的某时间之前完成用将来完成时,将来完成时结构:will have + p.p. 42. You _D_ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A shouldn't follow B mustn't follow C couldn't' have been following D shouldn't have been following should have + p.p. 本应该; shouldn’t have + p.p. 本不应该 43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. A have allowed B allow C allowing D allows part-time 兼职; full-time 全职; flexible working patterns 弹性工作制; training 培训; retraining 再培训; take advantage 利用; 44. Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary. A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined assembled 聚集; secretary 书记。 45. Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof. A include B involve C contain D comprise involve 引起,与…直接有关 46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least. [the least 最高级] A with which B for which C of which D which 42. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _C_ obtaining water is not the least. [the least 最高级] A for which B to which C of which D in which 47. In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to million. [in the event of 万一,如果] A face B time C event D course in the face of 面对; in the time of 在…时期; in the course of 在…期间。 48. The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office. A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work would rather + 动词原形; would rather + 句子(用虚拟语气,句子谓语动词用一般过去时) 49. _D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes. A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her 如果用although引导则应改成:Although he likes her very much, … 50. The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. [无论是在空格前还是后,如果出现了名词extent要找介词就着to] A within B to C by D at to a large extent 在很大程度上。 第3课 倒装:倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。 谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。 谓语中的一部分通常是指:1、系动词;2、助动词;3、情态动词。 全部倒装的五条原则: 1. There be句型(表示有); 2. 以There或now开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为come或go; There you go again. 你又去那里了。 3. 以Here开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为系动词be; Here you are. 拿去。 4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子; 在2、3、4前提下,如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。 5. 以状语(常见的是地点状语)开头的句子。 部分倒装的六条原则: 1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定,这个句子用部分倒装; nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定,句子也用部分倒装; 2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句,可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置,构成部分倒装; 3. as, though表示“尽管”时引导从句,从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装; 系动词后面的部分就是表语,形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。 例如:She is beautiful. They are students. 四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。 26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published 当题干是as引导一个从句,且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管,空格处要填的就是表语。 being published 正在被出版; to be published 将要被出版。 此句恢复正常语序应为: As it was published at such a time … 4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首,句子用部分倒装; 常见的一些表示否定含义的单词:never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ; seldom 难得,不常;nowhere 哪里都不。 常见的一些表示否定含义的短语:in no way 决不; on no account 决不; under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。 5. only + 状语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;(如果only去掉就是全部倒装) 43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests. A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen freshmen 新生; make up for 弥补,补偿; make-up tests 补考(缓考)。 6. 注意两个表达形式:come what may 无论发生什么情况; say what you will 畅所欲言。 强调句式的补充内容:被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。 60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍(阻止)某人做某事。 强调部分本为: it is what that prevents so many … 又因为句中有疑问词,应写为: what is it that prevents so ... 但强调句式在句中作宾语成分,故正确写法为: what it is that … 50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema. A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配,不会单独出现; rather than + 动词原形; 平行结构,遇到平行结构时应做的两步: 1 找出连接词,2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。 51. I appreciate _D_ to your home. A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited appreciate + 动名词(不能加动词原形,不能加句子)。 41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret. A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep your keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。 52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination. A regard B counting C account D observation take sth. into account 考虑。 54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time. A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in 55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it. A got off B got across C got away D got over got over it 克服战胜。 56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life. A rate B speed C pace D growth pace 节奏; rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。 57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_. A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后,表示实在意思的词前面。 58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience. A having known B being known C knowing D known know 没有现在分词;know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配:of, about。 known for 以…而著名。 60. I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one. A a large enough coat B an enough large coat C a large coat enough D a coat enough large enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。 61. I always _B_ what I have said. A get to B hold to C lead to D see to 本题所有选项中的to都是介词,其后加动词动名词的形式。 hold to 坚守,信守; see to 负责做,处理,照料(后面加的都是某件事情,不加人) 62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest. A when B then C than D until no sooner … than 一…就… 63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. A what B which C that D whose evidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实,后面都要带同位语从句,且从句用that引导。 64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too … to,太…而不能…] A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to 65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question. A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable guilty adj. 有罪的; be ashamed of 因…而羞愧(不好意思)的; miserable adj. 悲惨的。 66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago. A in B at C during D over ceremony n. 典礼,仪式。要表达在某典礼(仪式)上用介词at。 at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。 67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way? A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose do you supposed 常做插入语。 68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管; as for 关于,至于] A As for B Besides C Except D Despite 69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children. A have B has C having D to have influence on 对…造成影响,很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。 70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop. A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself hurt oneself 自残; be to + 动词原形,将要做某事; 41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination. A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train. A and B but C or D an order and 在这里表示一种结果, 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc 成“那么(和)”。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译: 1. 省略句 + and + 句子; 2. 祈使句 + and + 句子。 47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families. A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen 43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market. A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order order n. 定购,订单; purchase n. 购买。 45. By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding 如果一个句子的时间状语是由by引导的,则时态要选择完成时态。 将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。 solution to a problem 一个问题的解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。 46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities. A take on B get on C put up D look up take on 承担; take on responsibility 承担责任。 47. Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner. A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one dinner n. 正餐(多指晚餐); supper n. 夜宵,晚餐; breakfast n. 早餐; lunch n. 午餐; brunch n. 早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡] 48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans. A inform B informs C informed D has informed desire v. 要求,表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气, (should) + 动词原形。 其他同样用法的词还有ask, demand, request, require. 49. Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture. A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。 vary vi. 变化。 vary from … to … 从一种形式变化到另一种形式。vary between … and … 在两者之间进行变化。 29. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face. A change B vary C alter D convert individual n. 个人,个体; individualism n. 个人主义。 44. The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor. A alter B shift C transfer D vary 50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened. A before B until C since D when It + 系动词 + 一段时间 + before引导的句子 在…之前花费多少时间。 54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A since B when C after D before 51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意,留神] A in B at C for D on 52. There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war. A retain B endure C maintain D survive retain vt. 保持,保留; endure v. 忍受; maintain vt. 维持,保持,坚持认为; survive vi. 生存; vt. 活过 … (宾语为某种灾难)。 survive a flood 活过一场洪水。 前缀sur表示过 … ,外,超; vive 表示生活,强调活着。 54. They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning. A which is B which was C they have D it is less … than句子前后要平衡结构。 55. In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes. A attend B attended C to attend D attending far more than 远远多于,远不止于;也要句子前后平衡结构。 56. The French pianist [n. 钢琴师] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment. A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down turn up 后面不加宾语表示出现,后面加宾语表示将声音调高,调大; turn in + 宾语 上缴,交出; turn down 将声音调低,调小;拒绝; refuse sb. 指直接的回绝; turn sb. down 则指委婉的拒绝; turn out + 动词不定式 最终证明是,结果是。 57. Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel. A risen B arisen C raised D arrived 因本句未加宾语,估不应选不及物动词,可排除C项; arrive vi. 到达,抵达; rise vi. 升起,升高(侧重指旗帜或太阳升起);数量的增高(侧重指水位、价位); the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太阳东升西落。 arise vi. 升起,升高,出现,发生(经常与抽象名词联用)。 69. A completely new situation will _B_ when the examination system comes into existence. A arise B rise C raise D arouse 33. Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent. A raised B aroused C arose D rose 58. He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him. A genuine B minimum C modest D generous name after 以…的名字来命名。genuine adj. 真正的,货真价实的; genuine leather 真皮; minimum adj. 最低的,最小的; modest adj. 谦虚谨慎的,适度的; generous adj. 慷慨的,慷慨大方的(修饰贡献等用这个)。 59. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _D_, of course, made the others jealous. A who B that C what D which which在这里是引导非限定性定语从句,which引导非限定性定语从句有2个特点: 1. which前面有逗号与其他句子分开。 2. which指的是前面整句话的内容。 as也可以引导非限定性定语从句,指的都是一句话的内容。 which指一句话的内容只能置于该句之后,而as既可以在后也可以在前。 67. _C_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is great American writer. A That B Which C As D It 60. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_. A gaps B intervals C length D distance interval n. 间隔(即可指空间间隔,也可指时间间隔),四级考试中专考时间间隔的概念。 interval是固定与介词at搭配的。 23. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _D_. A gaps B rate C length D intervals at regular rate 以规则的速度; at regular interval 以规则的时间间隔; 61. Mr. Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do. A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given 64. Our company decided to _D_ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met. A destroy B resist C assume D cancel 65. She is _C_ a musician than her brother. A much of B much as C more of D more as be of 具有某种性质、品质或特点; 66. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge. A service B sentence C crime D crisis sentence n. 判决,判刑; crisis n. 危机; economic crisis 经济危机; 68. The residents, _C_ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A all their homes B all whose homes C all of whose homes D all of their homes 当给出了句子的主语,且后面有两部分谓语动词,这两部分谓语动词之间又没有连接词, 时态也不同时,离主语近的谓语动词应为从句的组合成分。 69. You can't afford to let the situation get worse. You must take _D_ to put it right. A decisions B directions C sides D steps take steps 采取措施,采取行动; take measures 采取措施; 70. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _B_ your advice. A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed if only 如果,要是...就好了,其后面的句子一定要用虚拟语气。 1. 如果if only后面的句子表示与现在或将来的事实相反,这时谓语动词用一般过去时体现虚拟语气。 2. 如果if only后面的句子表示与过去的事实相反,这时谓语动词用过去完成时体现虚拟语气。 47. If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve 如果if only后面的句子表示与现在或将来的事实相反,这时谓语动词用一般过去时, 也可以用would + 动词原形。 42. Mark often attempts to escape _C_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A having been fined B to have been fined C being fined B to be fined escape + 动名词。 44. It is recommended that the project _A_ until all the preparations have been made. A not be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started recommend vt. 推荐,建议,后面加句子要用虚拟语气,谓语动词的形式:(should) + 动词原形 45. I wish I _D_ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept wish 后面的句子要用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反用:情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。 might经常被翻译成或许。 46. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _D_ him. A had telephoned B must have telephoned C would telephone D would have telephoned otherwise, or等表示“否则”的词,后面句子都要用虚拟语气。 48. While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news [最新的消息], it is unlikely that television _A_ the newspaper completely. A will replace B have replaced C replace D replaced 49. An Olympic Marathon [马拉松] is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately [大约] _B_ from Marathon to Athens [雅典]. A distance B the distance C is the distance D the distance is 50. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _D_ to suspend your tent. A there B them C where D which 介词 + which + 动词不定式(to do sth.) 整体做定语。 本句可改写为:You will want two tress about ten feet apart, to suspend your tent from. 只要见到有介词出现在空格之前,而选项中有which, them, there, where等词则应选which。 51. As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had _C_ to ask my boss. A many B most C much D more 当many没有修饰任何其他词而单独出现时表示很多人。 much在这里相当于many things。 52. _A_ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home. A Until B Before C From D Since until recently 直到最近; not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。 53. The survival of civilization as we know it is _C_ threat. A within B towards C under D upon under threat 受到威胁。 55. In some countries, _D_ is called "equality" [平等] does not really mean equal rights for all people. A which B one C that D what that可以引导主语从句,但只做引导词而不充当任何成分。 56. I walked too much yesterday and _A_ are still aching now. A my leg muscles B my muscles of leg C my leg's muscles D my muscles of the leg 英语中一个名词修饰另外一个名词时第一个名词要用单数。 apple trees, eye drops 57. Radio, television and press _B_ of conveying news and information. A are the most three common means B are the three most common means C are the most common three means D are three the most common means 几个词修饰一个名词时修饰词的顺序应为:1. 定冠词the应该放在最前面(离名词最远)的位置; 2. 数词应放在第二位;3. 最后考虑其他形容词。 58. Liquids are like solids _C_ they have a definite volume. A with that B for that C in that D at that 三个与that的搭配的表达形式:now that, in that [因为], except that。 59. When a fire _C_ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed. A broke off B broke down C broke out D broke up break out (火灾、战争)突然发生,爆发; 60. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _D_. [make up for 弥补] A stand up to B put up with C come up with D make up for 61. Then the speaker _B_ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis. A went after B went into C went for D went on go after 追求,设法得到; go into 谈论,叙述; go for 袭击/支持; go on 继续。 62. The students was just about to _C_ the questions, when suddenly he found the answer A arrive at B submit to C give up D work out 63. When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _B_. A hand B reach C hold D place out of reach 够不着; within reach 够得找。 64. The _D_ of blood always makes him feel sick. A form B look C view D sight form n. 形式,形状; view n. 风景,景色/视野,视域; look 指的是主观有意识的看; sight n. 看见,瞥见(不强调主客观)。 66. Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _B_ sickness A normal B ordinary C average D regular sickness of mind 精神病; normal adj. 正常的; average adj. 平均的,中等水平的; regular adj. 有规律的,规则的; ordinary sickness 一般性疾病。 68. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _C_ to his confusion. A extended B amounted C added [add to 增加] D turned 70. It took him several months to ___ the wild horse. A tend B cultivate C tame D breed tame vt. 驯服; breed 强调的是繁殖,侧重指大批量的繁殖。 It take sb. sometime to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 1 . It is not unusual for workers in that region . A) to be paid more than a month late B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay late more than a month 2 . a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree. A) To become C) One becomes B) Become D) On becoming 3 . Mr. Smith advised us to withdraw . A) so that to get not involved C) so as not to get involved B) so as to get not involved D) so that not to get involved 4 . At last she left her house and got to the airport, only the plane flying away. A) having seen C) saw B) to have seen D) to see 5 . Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains . A) to be shown C) to have been shown B) to have shown D) being shown 6 . Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office room . A) to send it to C) to be sent to B) to send it D) to have it send 7 . My sister's professor had her her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee. A) rewritten C) rewrite B) to rewrite D) rewriting 8 . The ancient Egyptians are supposed rockets to the moon. A) to send C) to have sent B) to be sending D) to have been sending 9 . Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do. A) to be given C) to have given B) to be giving D) having given 10 . A Dream of the Red Chamber is said into dozens of languages in the last decade. A) to have been translated C) to be translated B) to translate D) to have translated 11 . It's no use me not to worry. A) you tell C) for you to have told B) your telling D) having told 12 . This programme will examine the writer's books in detail, an introduction to her life. A) following C) being followed B) having followed D) to be followed 13 . in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situation again. A) Since the loss of 50,000 soldiers B) Because of 50,000 soldiers having lost C) Having lost over 50,000 soldiers D) 50,000 soldiers were lost 14 . such a good chance, he planned to learn more. A) To be given C) Having given B) Having been given D) Giving 15 . with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A) When compared C) While comparing B) Compare D) Comparing 16 . No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. A) performing C) to be performed B) performed D) being performed 17 . If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self- restraint as if I were the one . A) to correct C) having corrected B) correcting D) being corrected 18 . I would appreciate it a secret. A) your keeping C) that you keep B) you to keep D) that you will keep 19 . The teacher doesn't permit in class. A) smoke C) smoking B) to smoke D) to have a smoke 20 . The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied in the area on the night of the fire. A) to be C) having been B) to have been D) be 21 . I remember to help us if we ever got into trouble. A) once offering C) him to offer B) him once offering D) to offer him 22 . Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A) having been fined C) to have been fined B) to be fined D) being fined 23 . The children went there to watch the iron tower . A) to erect C) erecting B) be erected D) being erected 24 . In Australia the Asians make their influence in businesses large and small. A) feeling C) felt B) feel D) to be felt 25 . The manager promised to keep me of how our business was going on. A) to be informed C) informed B) on informing D) informing 26 . They'll have you if you don't pay your taxes. A) to be arrested C) arrested B) arrest D) being arrested 27 . Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for her examination. A) to prepare C) preparing B) to be prepared D) being prepared 28 . Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper it closely. A) followed C) to follow B) following D) being followed 29 . A new technique , the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent. A) working out C) having been worked out B) having worked out D) to have been worked out 30 . Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, with its northern most tip actually the Arctic Circle. A) touched C) touching B) touches D) being touched [考点精析] 1.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试动词不定式作主语的用法。全句可译为:那个地区工人的工资晚发一个多月是常有的事。对于句中逻辑主语workers来说,工资是被发,即它是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者,因而动词不定式用被动态,由此可排除选项C和D。选项B语序不对,所以唯一正确答案为选项A。 2.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试动词不定式作目的状语的用法。全句可译为:要成为一名大学教师,至少须有硕士学位。四个选项中,只有选项A是动词不定式,可以充当目的状语。填入其他选项,句子便不成立。 3.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试“so as to +动词不动式”作目的状语的用法。全句可译为:史密斯先生劝我们退出,以免卷进去。so as to = in order to,与不定式连用,在句中作目的状语。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号前加not,因而选项C是唯一正确答案。so that用以引导状语从句,不能跟动词不定式,所以选项A、D应排除,选项B语序有误,也应排除,唯有选项C为正确答案。 4.正确答案为选项D。 本题测试“only +动词不定式”作结果状语的用法。全句可译为:最终,她离家去了机场,只看到飞机正在起飞离去。“only +动词不定式”可以表示连续发生的一系列事件中较晚发生的,而且往往是出乎意外的,有时是不受欢迎的事件。例如: He returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. 他战后归来,只听说他的妻子已离他而去。 显然,只有选项D在语义和结构方面符合题句要求,因而为正确答案。 5.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试动词不定式作主语补语(即表语)的用法。全句可译为:有些人对调查结果持谨慎态度,他们指出被动吸烟和癌症之间的因果关系还有待证实。remain为连系动词,remain to be done意为“有待去做”,其中的不定式作主语补语用,由此可排除选项B、D。例如: Several things remain to be done. 还剩下几件事情需要完成。 Nothing remains to be said. 现在已经没有什么好说的了。 remain表示“有待去做某事”时,后面不可以用不定式的完成式,所以只有选项A为正确答案。 6.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试“疑问词+动词不定式”结构以及不定式作定语的用法。全句可译为:每人手里都有一张申请表,但没人知道该把申请表送到哪个办公室。动词know后可以带一个“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语,在这一结构(即“which office room to send it to”)中,不定式短语“to send it to”作定语修饰名词room,介词to不可缺少,所以选项A为正确答案。当动词不定式与被修饰的名词之间构成动宾关系时,如果不定式属于不及物动词,其后必须加上一个结构上或语义上所需的介词。例如: The nurse has five children to look after. 这位保姆要照料五个孩子。 I’ve brought this stool to sit on. 我带了这个凳子来坐。 可以后接“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的某些动词,除know以外,还有ask, tell, explain, show, wonder, consider, find out, understand等。例如: Ask my brother where to put the car. 车放在何处,问我兄弟吧。 Did you find out when to pay? 你打听到何时付钱了吗? 7.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试在“have somebody do something”这一结构中,充当宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to的用法。全句可译为:“我妹妹的教授要她多次改写 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 后,才同意她把论文提交委员会”。除了have以外,在不定式作feel, listen, hear, make, let, watch, see, notice, observe, look等动词的宾语补足语时,to也必须省略;但在不定式作动词help的宾语补足语时,to可以省略,也可以不省略。例如: I felt something touch my foot. 我觉得有什么东西碰了我的脚。 The pain made him cry out. 他痛得叫喊起来。 Did you notice anyone leave the house? 你是否看到有人离开这房子? Can anyone help me (to) fill in this tax form? 有谁能帮我填写税单吗? 值得注意的是:上述动词在用于被动语态时,其相关的不定式必须带to。例如: He was made to work twenty hours a day. 他被迫一天工作二十小时。 Millie was helped to overcome her fear of flying. 米列被帮助克服了她对飞行的恐惧。 8.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试动词不定式的时态。全句可译为:据推测,古埃及人曾向月球发射过火箭。动词不定式to send所表示的动作发生在谓语动词are supposed之前,应用完成式,因而选项C为唯一正确答案。 9.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试动词不定式的被动语态。全句可译为:约翰逊先生宁可有(被给予)更重的活干。根据题意,动词prefer后应接作为宾语的动词不定式,由此可排除选项D。由于该句主语即为此动词不定式的逻辑主语,它们之间构成动宾关系,因此该不定式要用被动态,所以正确答案为选项A。 10.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试动词不定式的完成式和被动态。全句可译为:据说《红楼梦》在过去十年中已被翻译为数十种语言。根据句意,动词不定式to traslate所表示的动作发生在谓语动词is said所表示的动作之前,它与逻辑主语又构成动宾关系,所以选项A是正确答案。 11.正确答案为选项B。 本题测试动名词作主语的用法。全句可译为:你叫我别担心,这是无济无事的。“It’s no use doing something”是口语中很常用的一个句型,句中it为形式主语,真正的主语是动名词短语,它的逻辑主语可以用物主代词来表示。因此,选项B是正确答案。例如: It’s no use (your) complaining; they won’t do anything about it. 抱怨是没有用的,他们不会有所行动的。 12.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试现在分词作状语的用法。全句可译为:本节目在介绍完作家的生平后,将详细研讨她的著作。句中现在分词following意为“在……之后出现[发生],继之而来。”它所引起的现在分词短语作状语用,表示补充说明。选项C、D显然不能与空格后的“an introduction to her life”搭配,可首先排除。选项B时态不对,也应排除。所以正确答案为选项A。 13.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试现在分词完成式作状语的用法。全句可译为:在一场看不到尽头的战争中损失了五万士兵之后,这位将军不得不重新估计形势。句中现在分词短语“Having lost over 50,000 soldiers”实际上相当于一个原因状语从句:“Because he had lost over 50,000 soldiers,”。由于现在分词所表示的动作“损失”发生在谓语动词所表示的动作“被迫”之前,现在分词应用完成式,所以选项C是正确答案。根据句意,选项A中的since后应跟一个原因状语从句,而不能只跟一个名词词组;选项B中的because of 是一个介词,后接的动名词having lost语态有误;选项D虽可单独构成一个完整的句子,但缺少反映与后一句语义关系的连接词。因此,选项A、B、D均应排除,只有选项C是正确答案。 14.正确答案为选项B。 本题测试现在分词被动态的用法。全句可译为:他得了这么好的机会,打算进一步学习深造。“得到机会”这一行为先于“打算”发生,而且机会是被给予,现在分词与其逻辑主语构成动宾关系,因而句中现在分词应用完成式、被动态,即选项B为正确答案。例如: Having been given a wrong address, he couldn’t find his friend’s home. 由于得到的地址有误,他没能找到朋友的家。 Having been tested for several times, this new-type motor will be put into mass production. 这种新型发动机经过多次试验后,将投入大量生产。 15.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试“连词when +过去分词”作时间状语的用法。全句可译为:和整个地球的大小相比,最高的山也一点都不见得高了。句中“When compared…”相当于“When it is compared…”可见唯有选项A是正确答案。过去分词前加了连词when或while,可以使时间概念得到强调。例如: The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work. 这对夫妇一边工作,一边很好地照顾婴儿。 16.正确答案为选项B。 本题测试“连词no matter +过去分词”作让步状语的用法。全句可译为:不论贝多芬的作品多么频繁地被演奏,总是能吸引大批观众。根据句意,“No matter how frequently performed”相当于“No matter how frequently the works of Beethoven are performed”,可见选项B为正确答案。 17.正确答案为选项D。 本题测试现在分词的被动态及其作定语的用法。全句可译为:如果我要纠正某个人的缺点,我会尽可能地以幽默和克制的态度去做,就好象被纠正的就是我自己。根据句意,应选择一个被动的动词形式作the one的定语。选项D) being corrected 是现在分词的被动态,它与其逻辑主语构成动宾关系,正好符合要求,所以是正确答案。例如: The house being built is a big project. 正在施工的那幢楼是一项很大的工程。 18.正确答案为选项A。 本题测试动词appreciate后只能用动名词,不能用动词不定式作宾语的用法。全句可译为:你能对此保密,我将十分感激。 通常只接动名词作宾语的动词还有:admit, avoid, delay, deny, enjoy, finish, miss, postpone, practice, permit, resist, suggest, keep, anticipate, escape, consider, mind, dislike, can’t help等。例如: We anticipate meeting a certain amount of resistance to our plan. 我们预料我们的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 会遇到一些人的反对。 I dislike having to get up early. 我讨厌很早就要起床。 I can’t help declining his offer. 我不得不婉拒他的提议。 19.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试动词permit的搭配关系以及动名词作宾语的用法。全句可译为:教师不允许在教室里吸烟。非谓语动词的用法与谓语动词的搭配密切相关。句中permit为及物动词,有两种搭配: 1)后接名词(或代词)+不定式,表示“允许某人干某事”。这里的动词不定式用作宾语补足语。例如: Will you permit us to leave now? 你准许我们现在离开吗? The teacher didn't permit us to swim in this river. 老师不允许我们在这条河里游泳。 2)后接名词(或动名词),表示“允许某事存在或发生”。例如: The rules of the club do not permit smoking. 这个俱乐部规定不准吸烟。 The policeman permitted his parking there. (=The policeman permitted him to park there.) 警察允许他在那里停车。 本题属于后一种搭配,因而选项C为正确答案。 20.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试动名词的完成式。全句可译为:警方指控他火烧楼房,但他说发生火灾的当晚他不在现场。动词deny后必须接动名词作宾语,句中动名词所表示的动作发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前,要用完成式,所以选项C是正确答案。例如: They all denied ever having seen her. 他们都说从未见到过她。 You mentioned having been in hospital last year. 你说过去年你住过医院。 21.正确答案为选项B。 本题测试动词remember后接动名词复合结构作宾语的用法。全句可译为:我记得他曾经主动提出,如果我们遇到麻烦,他会帮助我们。动词remember既可以接动词不定式,又可以接动名词;不定式和动名词都作宾语用,但所表示的意思不同。接动词不定式表示“记住(去做某事)”;接动名词表示“记得(做了某事)”。显然,本题中remember后应接动名词,由此可排除选项C、D。由于offering带有逻辑主语him,所以选项B为正确答案。 与remember这一用法相同的动词还有:forget, regret, try, mean等。例如: Don’t forget to bring the case. 别忘了把箱子带来。(动作未发生) I shall never forget seeing the Queen. 我不会忘记见到女王一事。(动作已发生) I regret to say that I cannot come. 我很抱歉,不能来了。(为要做的事感到抱歉) I regret missing the film. 我后悔没有看上那部电影。(为已发生的事感到后悔) She went up to him and tried to comfort him. 她走过去,想安慰她。(设法做某事) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 前门如没人答应,就敲后门试试看。(试着做某事) I meant to help you. 我打算帮你。(打算做某事) His silence to my request means refusing. 他对我请求的沉默就意味着拒绝。(意味着……) 值得注意的是,动词stop和quit也可后接动名词和不定式,但二者的句法功能不同。例如: He stopped/quit smoking last week. 他上星期戒了烟。(句中stop,quit为及物动词,动名词smoking作宾语) He stopped/quitted to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。(句中stop, quit为不及物动词,不定式to smoke作目的状语)  22.正确答案为选项D。 本题测试动名词的被动态。全句可译为:每当马克违反交通规则时,他总是企图逃避罚款。动词escape后必须接动名词作宾语,不能接动词不定式,由此可排除B、C两选项。根据句意,该动名词与其逻辑主语(即句子主语)构成动宾关系,应为被动态。由于题句中使用现在一般时,所以选项D是正确答案。 23.正确答案为选项D。 本题测试现在分词作宾语补语的用法。全句可译为:孩子们到那里去看铁塔竖起来。根据句意,动词erect在本句中具有被动意义,由此可排除选项A、C。及物动词watch后虽然既可以接名词+现在分词,又可以接名词+不定式(不带to)的复合宾语,但用作宾语补足语的动词要用被动态时,如果这个动词所表示的动作具有持续性,就要用现在分词,所以选项D是正确答案。选项B)be erected 虽然不带to,却不能表示持续性。 24.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试过去分词作宾语补语的用法。全句可译为:在澳洲,亚洲人使其影响在大、小企业中都能被感觉到。句中make为使役动词,其宾语influence只能“被感觉到”,因而作为宾语补语的动词应为被动意义,由此可排除选项A、B。make后的宾语补足语不能用带to的不定式,因而只有选项C为正确答案。 25.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试过去分词和现在分词作宾语补语时的区别。全句可译为:经理答应让我不断了解我们的业务进展情况。“keep +名词(或代词)+分词”表示“让……(保持)”之意。根据句意,作为该句宾补的分词在意思上是被动的,所以选项C为正确答案。现在分词作宾补时,表示主动意义。试比较: He was trying hard to make himself understood. 他努力说明自己的意思。(过去分词表示被动意义) I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。(现在分词表示主动意义) 26.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试“have something done”这一结构的用法。全句可译为:如果你不纳税,他们将叫人逮捕你。“have something done”意为“使别人完成某事”,其中的直接宾语是分词动作的对象,该分词动作不是由句子主语,而是由别人完成的。例如: He had his window broken to pieces. 他的窗户给打破了。(被别人打破) Have you had your hair cut? 你理发了吗?(只能由别人理发) 由此可见,选项C是唯一正确答案。 27.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试“be busy doing something”这一结构的用法。全句可译为:琼昨晚没有时间去听音乐会,因为她忙于准备考试。“be busy doing something”的意思是“忙于做某事”,为固定搭配,所以选项C为正确答案。类似的搭配还有:“spend time (in) doing something”,“have trouble/difficulty (in) doing something”等。例如: He’s spent half his life writing this book. 他用了半辈子的功夫写这本书。 I never have any trouble getting the car started. 我发动这车子从来没遇到过什么困难。 28.正确答案为选项B。 本题测试现在分词独立结构的用法。全句可译为:银是最好的导电体,其次是铜。句中名词copper是现在分词following的逻辑主语,它们在一起构成现在分词独立结构,在句中作状语,表示补充说明或伴随发生的情况。例如: Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sportsground. 他们的房间在三楼,窗户俯视着操场。 此外,现在分词结构还可以表示时间、原因、条件等,在句中作状语,多用于书面语。例如: The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后,我们就回家了。(表示时间) The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。(表示原因) Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话,我们将于明天举行比赛。(表示条件) 29.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试更为复杂的现在分词独立结构。全句可译为:新技术推出以后,总产量增加了20%。(=As a new technique had been worked out, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.)从句子结构来看,逗号前应是一个分词独立结构,在句中作原因状语,由此可以排除选项D。根据句意,独立结构中的分词应为被动态完成式,所以选项C为正确答案。   30.正确答案为选项C。 本题测试“with +名词+分词”结构的用法。全句可译为:冰岛位于大西洋最北面,它的最北端实际上已与北极圈相接。句中逗号后面的部分为“with +名词+分词”结构,其作用与分词独立结构相当。根据句意,本句中的分词应表示主动意义,所以正确答案为选项C。独立分词结构多用于书面语, with结构则更为口语化。例如: With the exams coming next week, I have no time for a social life. 由于下周要举行考试,我没有时间参加社交活动。 With this sum added, we will have enough money for the trip. 如果加上这笔金额,我们这次旅行的钱就足够了。 状语从句(一)_CET英语1. 时间状语从句: 1) 由as, while引导时,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,或一个动作在另一个动作或状态的过程中; 2) 由after, when引导时,表示主句动作在从句动作之后; 例:1995年1月四级第58题 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ________. A) scolding B) to scold C) having scolded D) scolded 本题从句主语与主句主语一致,这种情况下,状语从句的主语常常省略,这是要注意状语从句中的谓语动词应用现在分词还是过去分词。全句的意思是:“麦克尔过去受到责难时,看起来又伤心又惊讶”。麦克尔是“被责难”,因而应该用过去分词,所以答案是D。 3) 由before, when引导时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前; 例:1997年6月四级第44题 I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ______ I heard voices. A) as B) when C) after D) whole 本题前半部分的意思是:“我刚动身回屋换衣服”,后半部分的意思是:“我听到有人说话”。前半部分用过去完成式,后半部分用一般过去时。前半部分的动作发生在后半部分之前。为表达这一情景,前半部分作主句,主句中一般用just,hardly,后半部分作从句,用连接词when引出。答案是B。 when从句可能表示多种意义,这里它表示一种原来没有预料到的新情况出现。又是这一新情况打断了主句表示的正在进行的活动,或制止了即将发生的情况。在这种情况下,主句常用进行式、完成式或"be about +inf."之类。我们来看下面的例题: 例:1996年1月四级第45题 I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave ______ something occurred which attracted my attention. A) unless B) until C) when D) while 全句的意思是:“我感到有些失望,正要离开时,发生了一件事,吸引了我的注意力”。前半部分的事正要或正在进行时,另一事突然发生,这是应该用连接词when,一般放在主句之后。这时,when的意思相当于at which time,and then,常译为“这时、刚……就”。所以,答案是C。因为句中be about to do 的意思是“即将、正要”。所以unless和全句意思不合。选项B)的连接词until可表示主句的动作在从句动作发生时就停下来了,这显然和全句意思不符。选项D)的连接词while相当于during the time that,表示主句的动作是在从句动作的期间发生。这和本句的意思也不合。 4) 由whenever, every / each time引导时,表示主句动作以从句动作为条件而发生; 例:We can leave when you are ready. (你什么时候准备好,我们就可以动身了。 动身这个动作是在这个人准备好了之后发生的。) 5) 由as soon as引导时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作的一瞬间之后(注意:the moment,the instant,the second,the minute都可做连词用,引导定语从句,意思是as soon as。 例:1991年6月四级第43题 I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______. A) finish what I did B) finished what I did C) would finish what I was doing   D) finished what I was doing 1. 时间状语从句: 1) 由as, while引导时,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,或一个动作在另一个动作或状态的过程中; 2) 由after, when引导时,表示主句动作在从句动作之后; 例:1995年1月四级第58题 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ________. A) scolding B) to scold C) having scolded D) scolded 本题从句主语与主句主语一致,这种情况下,状语从句的主语常常省略,这是要注意状语从句中的谓语动词应用现在分词还是过去分词。全句的意思是:“麦克尔过去受到责难时,看起来又伤心又惊讶”。麦克尔是“被责难”,因而应该用过去分词,所以答案是D。 3) 由before, when引导时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前; 例:1997年6月四级第44题 I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ______ I heard voices. A) as B) when C) after D) whole 本题前半部分的意思是:“我刚动身回屋换衣服”,后半部分的意思是:“我听到有人说话”。前半部分用过去完成式,后半部分用一般过去时。前半部分的动作发生在后半部分之前。为表达这一情景,前半部分作主句,主句中一般用just,hardly,后半部分作从句,用连接词when引出。答案是B。 when从句可能表示多种意义,这里它表示一种原来没有预料到的新情况出现。又是这一新情况打断了主句表示的正在进行的活动,或制止了即将发生的情况。在这种情况下,主句常用进行式、完成式或"be about +inf."之类。我们来看下面的例题: 例:1996年1月四级第45题 I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave ______ something occurred which attracted my attention. A) unless B) until C) when D) while 全句的意思是:“我感到有些失望,正要离开时,发生了一件事,吸引了我的注意力”。前半部分的事正要或正在进行时,另一事突然发生,这是应该用连接词when,一般放在主句之后。这时,when的意思相当于at which time,and then,常译为“这时、刚……就”。所以,答案是C。因为句中be about to do 的意思是“即将、正要”。所以unless和全句意思不合。选项B)的连接词until可表示主句的动作在从句动作发生时就停下来了,这显然和全句意思不符。选项D)的连接词while相当于during the time that,表示主句的动作是在从句动作的期间发生。这和本句的意思也不合。 4) 由whenever, every / each time引导时,表示主句动作以从句动作为条件而发生; 例:We can leave when you are ready. (你什么时候准备好,我们就可以动身了。 动身这个动作是在这个人准备好了之后发生的。) 5) 由as soon as引导时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作的一瞬间之后(注意:the moment,the instant,the second,the minute都可做连词用,引导定语从句,意思是as soon as。 例:1991年6月四级第43题 I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______. A) finish what I did B) finished what I did C) would finish what I was doing   D) finished what I was doing 结合四个选项来看,全句的意思是:“我决定一做完手头的工作就去图书馆”。本题首先要判断的是as soon as(一……就)引出的时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态。从句中的动作“做完手头的工作”是预计将要发生的动作,而主句的谓语动词用的是过去时(decided)。在这种场合,从句中通常用一般过去时,而不用过去将来时。所以选项A和C不可能是答案。此外,“完成手头的工作”指“完成正在做的工作”,do要用进行式。因此选项D才是答案。 例:1997年1月四级考试第38题 You see the lightning ________ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A) the instant B) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant 本题考核对连接词的掌握。从句子结构看,it happens是从句,空格中应该填入一个连接词。从四个选项看,只有A) the instant可以做连接词。the instant(that)相当于as soon as,可起连接作用,引导时间状语从句。这样,全句的意思是“闪电一发生你就看到闪光,但过一会儿你才听到雷声。”其他三个选项在句子中可以做状语,但不起连接作用。 6) 由just/ hardly……when, no sooner…… than引导时,表示主句动作发生在从句动作一瞬间之前。 例:1997年6月四级第44题 I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _________ I heard voices. A) a(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记。)sB) when C) after D) while 本题前半部分用过去完成时,后半部分用一般过去时,说明前半部分的动作发生在后半部分的动作之前。全句的意思应该是“我刚动身回屋换衣服,就听到有人说话”。为表达这一情景,前半部分做主句,主句中一般用just或hardly,后半部分做从句,用连接词when引导,形成just/ hardly……when的固定搭配。所以答案是B) when。选项A) as引出从句时,表示主句动作是在As从句动作的行为过程中发生的。选项D)连接词while引导的主从复合句叙述两件事情在同时发生。如果选择C) after,则主从句的动作发生的顺序正好反过来,这样就与题目里的时态不符合了。所以这个三个选项都是错误的。 注意:表示将来动作或事情的时间状语从句中,动词要用现在时态代替将来时;  hardly……when, no sooner…… than中的hardly和no sooner若位于句首,则其后句子用部分倒装句。 例:1991年6月四级第62题 No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest. A) when B) then C) than D) until No sooner…than是一个复合连接词,意思是“一……就……”。因此,答案是C) than。全句意思式:“我们一到山顶,大家就都坐下来休息”。注意,no sooner置于句首时,要用倒装词序。 英语六级改错的命题方向及真题分析_CET英语改错题是六级考试中独有的题型,其他题型在四级考试中都出现过,大多数学生已掌握了一定的解题技巧,可谓“熟门熟路”,而综合改错题的解题技巧则有待摸索、掌握;同时综合改错题的内容比较广泛,无论是语法、词汇、篇章理解、逻辑判断等都可能成为改错的对象;与完形填空及词汇题相比,后者有明确的目标与给定的选项,而改错题右边虽有标志行,却仍需考生去捕捉错误,并纠正过来,给出正确的形式,这些都为综合改错题增加了难度。总体而言,综合改错题的命题内容有如下三大方面:(1)词汇用法(2)篇章理解(3)语法知识。 以下摘录历年六级考试综合改错题中出现的有关词汇用法和篇章理解方面的错误进行具体地分析。    一、词汇用法错误   1.固定搭配错误:主要是一些常用介词短语、动词短语、形容词短语的误用,另外,一些固定句型中词汇的搭配也容易出错。对付此类错误的方法是大量记忆,熟悉这些固定的搭配。 例1:...about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East.(2000年6月第75题)at应改为in,in the country为固定介词短语搭配。   例2:...,but such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients.(1993年6月第 75题) in应改为on,dependent on为固定的形容词短语搭配。   例3:However,a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good m anners.(2000年6月第73题)   as应改为than,more...than...为固定句型搭配,表示“与其说……不如说……”。    2.单词的混用:这种错误是指误用了某个在形式或意义上与正确的单词相似的单词。   例1:Between sunrise and sunset,streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars,buses and trucks.(1995年6月第 73题)原文讲述噪音污染,所以,此处的voice应改为noise。例2:Im mediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked,to him,very much as a napkin.(2000年6月第78题)此处as应改为like,as与like都可作介词用,表示“像……一样”时,应用like,而as表示“作为……”。改错题是六级考试中独有的题型,其他题型在四级考试中都出现过,大多数学生已掌握了一定的解题技巧,可谓“熟门熟路”,而综合改错题的解题技巧则有待摸索、掌握;同时综合改错题的内容比较广泛,无论是语法、词汇、篇章理解、逻辑判断等都可能成为改错的对象;与完形填空及词汇题相比,后者有明确的目标与给定的选项,而改错题右边虽有标志行,却仍需考生去捕捉错误,并纠正过来,给出正确的形式,这些都为综合改错题增加了难度。总体而言,综合改错题的命题内容有如下三大方面:(1)词汇用法(2)篇章理解(3)语法知识。 4、介词的灵活搭配和固定搭配。小小介词变化无穷。它的使用没有百分之百的规则,只有具备语篇中的灵活性,而这种灵活性又具有相当的固定性和规范性。   例1:This is new is the scale. . .(2001年6月CET-6真题)   此句中有两个is,说明其中一个是误用。根据文章上下文意思“它们在规模大小方面的不同之处倒是人们应该研究的新动向”,我们可以把第二个is改成in。   例2:Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.(2002年1月CET-6真题)   when表示“当……时”,after表示“……之后”。本句中ten thousand years ago 指距今一万多年前,是在长期的原始狩猎时期之后,故应把when改为介词after。   三、语义前后不顺,缺乏逻辑性   有些考题乍一看没有任何问题,这时考生就不妨抛开语法问题,重点审查该句与上一句或下一句的逻辑关系。1、用词不当。这种错误使语言含糊不清,让读者如坠云雾中。例1:Anyone understood the life and death importance of family cooperation and hard work.(2003年1月CET-6真题) 此句中的anyone不太符合上下文语义场的要求,在肯定某一事实时,用everyone取代anyone。例2:...a few generations late, sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.(2002年6月CET-6真题) 该句中的late不符合上下文意思,因为late仅表示“迟到”而没有“以后”的意思,要想表达“几代之后(几十年后)”就应该用a f ew generations later。later有“……以后,最近”的意思。    2、语义逻辑合理、前后意义连贯。有各别考题是考查学生的逻辑推断能力。人们说话或写文章一般应思路明确、顺畅,不能前后矛盾、颠三例四。    例1:Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed.    该句中的if是误用,even if 后边只有their bodies是半句话,“即使他们的身体”只有把if删除,even their bodies“就连他们的身体”这样才可以与前边的短语构成复合主语表示他们的生活方式和身体状态都得以发生巨变。    例2:When U.S. soldiers came home after the World War II, for example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was a tremendous boom in home building. (2003年1月CET-6真题)    此句前后应该是递进关系,但是原文却用了but,使整个复合句成了转折关系,也使读者无法理解其意。故应该把But改成And。    改错是一项全面复杂的语言应用过程,这种校正能力需要考生具有扎实的语言基础知识、全面的语言运用能力和严密的逻辑思维反应。总的原则是一看语言结构,二看篇章关系。  二、篇章理解错误   1.语意的颠倒:这类错误多指在语意表达上用了相反的词,造成上下文逻辑推理上的自相矛盾。做题前如先阅读全文,领会上下文承接关系与语意关系将裨益无穷。    例:If he was present because of sickness, there was often no job for him when he returned.(1994年1月第76题)    显然,将present改为absent才合乎逻辑。    2.指代关系的错误:这类错误主要指由于人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的误用,导致指示不清、逻辑混乱,甚至前后矛盾。细心推敲和全局观念是破解此类错误的杀手锏。    例1:A break in their employment,or a decision to work part time,will slow its raises and promotions.(1996年1月第75题)    从原文看,此处指妇女涨工资、被提升的速度会大大地减缓。所以,its应改为their(妇女的)。    例2:...,he finds it pleasing he is influ-encing people:they are drawn to them.(1995年1月第78题)    从文中看,them应改为him,指人们为他所吸引。    3.连接词与关系词的错误:这类错误主要出现在定语从句与状语从句中,正确地分析句与句之间的逻辑关系,才能选择合适的连接词与关系词。    例1:It appears that we all find company in sound,if we all demand a little quiet from time to time.    原文讲述噪音污染,从上下文看,前后两句之间应为转折关系,而非条件关系,所以,连词if应改为but或though。    例2:Instead,this other person told us a story,it he said was quite well known...    后半句显然是一个非限制性定语从句修饰story,所以,应将it改为关系词which。    总之,要想从根本上提高做综合改错题的能力,考生就要打好扎实的英语基础,有丰富的词汇用法、固定搭配及句式结构知识等。同时,在平日英语学习的过程中,要多多阅读,培养英语的语感,提高语篇理解能力,增强自己辨错、纠错的能力。 六级改错9大错误类型_CET英语一、一致性方面的错误   1、主谓一致   主谓不一致错误是CET-6综合改错题内容之一,主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长,首尾不能相接,造成视觉上的混淆。例:The president of the company, together with the workers,are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.   句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”,介词短语“together with the workers”与主 语无关,是插入成分,故 谓语动词应用单数is。   2、名词单复数 有时名词可以不用复数,但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰,如 many,severa l,a number of,a variety of等等,就要变成复数形式。例:   Computer,as we all know,has many possible use in different fields.句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的,所以use应改为uses。   3、代词与先行词一致 代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群,因此代词的出现必须有所指,而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。例:A knowledge of several languages is essential to other ma jors’ study because without them one can read books only in translation.本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them错指a knowledge of several lan guages,因为其中knowledge是中心词,所以要把them改为it。   二、时态、语态、虚拟语气 1、时态错误 在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中,时态的使用也应该连贯一致,但是英语表示时间时,主句和从句时态可能不一致,却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感, 准确判断句中动作的时态。例:He can’t remember what he once knows. 主句用的是一般现在时,宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语,因而从句中动词应 用过去时knew。   2、语态错误 在CET-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动,因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外,不及物动词不能携 带宾语,因而也就没有被动语态。例:She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意:当她听这个叙述的时候,她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象 ,因而telling应改为being told。   3、虚拟语气错误 虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。例:We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气,故“is”应改为“be”或“should be”。类似的动词还有demand,insist,order等等。   三、连接词/并列句/从属句 这类错误常常不易被发现,因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识,而是句子与句子之间的串联 的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来,需要考生对文章有总体的理解,头脑中有个大的框(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记。)架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变,或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。例:Science is the production of new knowledge that can be ap plied or not,since technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products,machinery or the like. 句中连词“since”用错了,逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系,但是since使之变成了因果关系,整个句子变得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。   四、形容词、副词比较级、最高级 这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲,考生不难掌握。例:Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.   此句costly是形容词,意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式,须改成costly。     一、一致性方面的错误   1、主谓一致 主谓不一致错误是CET-6综合改错题内容之一,主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长,首尾不能相接,造成视觉上的混淆。例:The president of the company, together with the workers,are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems. 句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”,介词短语“together with the workers”与主 语无关,是插入成分,故谓语动词应用单数is。   2、名词单复数 有时名词可以不用复数,但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰,如 many,severa l,a number of,a variety of等等,就要变成复数形式。例:   Computer,as we all know,has many possible use in different fields.句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的,所以use应改为uses。   3、代词与先行词一致 代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群,因此代词的出现必须有所指,而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。例:   A knowledge of several languages is essential to other ma jors’ study because without them one can read books only in translation.本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them错指a knowledge of several lan guages,因为其中knowledge是中心词,所以要把them改为it。   二、时态、语态、虚拟语气   1、时态错误 在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中,时态的使用也应该连贯一致,但是英语表示时间时,主句和从句时态可能不一致,却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感, 准确判断句中动作的时态。例:He can’t remember what he once knows.   主句用的是一般现在时,宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语,因而从句中动词应 用过去时knew。   2、语态错误 在CET-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动,因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外,不及物动词不能携 带宾语,因而也就没有被动语态。例:   She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.   句意:当她听这个叙述的时候,她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象 ,因而telling应改为being told。   3、虚拟语气错误 虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。例:We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气,故“is”应改为“be”或“should be”。类似的动词还有demand,insist,order等等。   三、连接词/并列句/从属句 这类错误常常不易被发现,因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识,而是句子与句子之间的串联 的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来,需要考生对文章有总体的理解,头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变,或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。例:Science is the production of new knowledge that can be ap plied or not,since technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products,machinery or the like. 句中连词“since”用错了,逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系,但是since使之变成了因果关系,整个句子变得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。   四、形容词、副词比较级、最高级 这类错误主要考较不常见的形容词、副词的比较级形式。一般来讲,考生不难掌握。例:Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than common ovens.   此句costly是形容词,意思是“昂贵的”。它的比较级形式是more costly。costlier是错误的形式,须改成costly。        五、平行结构 平行结构错误主要指在连接词and前后语法结构不对等、不平行。例:   Computer analyzed marketing reports can help deciding wh ich products to emphasize now,which to develop for the future,and which to be dropped. 本句中三个平行成份which products to emphasize now,which to develop和which to be dropped结构模式应该一致,均采用不定式主动语态,因而to be dropped应改为to drop。   六、非谓语动词 非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型,它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。例The idea that learn a foreign language is hard work is realized by every student. 分析句子结构可知:the idea是主语;is realized是谓语部分;that引导同位语从句 。从句中learn a foreign language是主语,而learn是动词形式,应改为动名词“learning”。   七、固定搭配 固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及其它许多惯用法等。解答这类题的 关键在于考生掌握大量的短语及固定搭配。例:It also takes rise to a blurring of the dis tinction between science and technology.句中“takes rise to”是错误搭配,应把“takes”改为gives。“give rise to”是固定 表达,有“引起、导致”的意思。考生需要平时积累动介词、动副词等词组以及诸多习惯用 语。   八、词性错误 词性误用句中,错误主要表现在形容词、名词、副词上。做这类改错题,首先要判断词性及词在句中的位置,然后根据它们在句中所处的位置来确定词性是否正确。一般来说,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词,副词修饰形容词。例:We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job. 句中形容词necessary用于修饰形容词capable,属于词性误用,应改为副词形式necessarily。   九、易混淆的词 英语词汇中有很多词在拼写上、语义上很相似,如assure/ensure,rise/arise/raise,eff ect/a ffect,但是它们的用法却迥然不同。这些易混淆的词构成六级改错的一个重要错误类型。例:His persistence was awarded when the car finally started.句中“award”是“颁发,授予(奖赏)”之义,而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了,那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。   另附上解题思路与技巧从上面的错误类型分析可知,做改错题一定要具有一双“慧眼”。重要的不是自己会运用一个语法点或知识点,而是能够识别出错误的用法,以审查的眼光去面对每一个改错题。这就需要掌握必要的答题步骤和技巧。答题步骤:   1一般来说,做题时千万不要拿起来就改。先花一、两分钟从头到尾通读全文,对文章大 致内容有所了解,做到心中有数。   2然后把重点放在有错误项的标题号行,寻找较容易辩认的语法错误,如主谓不一致、 时态、语态使用错误、非谓语动词错误等等。   3如果错行中不存在上述明显错误,则应查看是否有词语搭配错误,易混词错误、词性错误等等细节错误。   4如果错行中既不存在语法错误,也不存在词汇错误,则从整体上查看上下文意思是否连贯,连接词是否使用正确,是否有逻辑混乱的现象,如否定句误用成肯定句造成句意不通等 。注意:有时没有错项的行对改错很有帮助。   5找到错误项之后,按要求形式进行改正、删去或增添,并设法找到一个正确项使句子在 语法、语义和逻辑上都成立。 六级历年改错题回顾及分析_CET英语英语六级改错题是语言运用能力的集中表现,该题型既考查词汇、语法、语义,也考查学生的逻辑判断能力。近几年的大学英语六级考试的改错范围包括:换一个正确或适当词,增加一个适当词,删去一个多余词。换词时先划掉句中的错误词,再把正确词填在句子后的留空处。加词时考生在应添加处用“∧”符号表明,并将应添加的词列于句子后的留空处。该句子如有多余词要把它删去,答题方式是先在原句中划掉多余词,再把删字符“/”写在句子后的留空处。经过对近几年的改错题的研究和分析,笔者得出以下结论性看法。   一、有错必究,眼疾手快   与其他类型考试不同,CET-6考试规定要求作答的那一句话肯定有一个错误,不像高考可能有错也可能无错、可能改错也可能没错可改,也不可能在一句话中让考生改几处错误。既然如此,考生就应带着批评的态度审视每一个词。如果考生发现所有词全都合适,那么再去从逻辑判断方面审视句子前后的关系,看一看前后句子应该是什么关系,如转折、因果、让步等,最后确定这些关系词是否使用正确。牢记一点,考生在交卷前,留下任何一个空白,都可能留下遗憾。   二、语言结构错误占很大比例 任何语法精、语感好的考生在规定时间的二分之一的时间内会找出一大半错误,并且能快速修改。通常一半左右的错误是比较明显的,其中最突出的结构问题有以下几种:   1、单复数概念。这是最简单、最基本的语法规则,但是由于它本身的特殊用法较多,加之考生的词汇量、语义场的水平差异大,不可能人人都能完全答对。   例1:This dream...was to find a piece of place, and build a house for one’s family...(2003年6月CET-6真题)   此句中的a piece of place应改为a place,或者直接将place改为land。因为place在此为可数名词,通常在land 前才加a piece of。   例2:Can we be so bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within the not-too-distant future?(2000年1月CET-6真题) 人类探索其他星体,不只一个、两个,除了移民月球外,也许还有水星、木星等。故应将other 后的可数名词变成复数形式,而the other后的可数名词则不为复数形式。   2、主谓一致。主谓一致也是初、中级英语的基本知识范畴。然而由于英语中的集体名词、不定代词、指示代词、主谓倒装等特殊变量的存在,给语言学习者带来许多不好把握的地方。例1:...but behind it lies two myths...(2002年6月CET-6真题)   该句是一个例装句。谓语动词的形式与myths看齐,而非与介宾it一致。故应把lies改为lie。   例2:...perhaps one in every seven deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the disease.(2001年6月CET-6真题) 该句的主语是one,而非crowded cities,故谓语动词应改为was。此句的难点在于介词短语又多又长,容易干扰答题者的语法观念。   3、时态的前后一致。时态的前后一致,应属于初级英语学习者掌握的语法概念。然而有些段落时空交叉频繁和复合句中的分句特殊规则,也可能表示真理性的过去等,这些会给时态观念薄弱的考生造成障碍。   例1:These small households were portraits of independence:the entire family,mother,father,children,even grandparents-live (转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记。)in a small house and working together to support each other.(2003年6月CET-6真题) 此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭是独立的掠影。而后半句解释到这些小家庭里的成员生活在一起,工作在一起的情景,应该用一般现在时,故将working 改为work,和live保持一致。英语六级改错题是语言运用能力的集中表现,该题型既考查词汇、语法、语义,也考查学生的逻辑判断能力。近几年的大学英语六级考试的改错范围包括:换一个正确或适当词,增加一个适当词,删去一个多余词。换词时先划掉句中的错误词,再把正确词填在句子后的留空处。加词时考生在应添加处用“∧”符号表明,并将应添加的词列于句子后的留空处。该句子如有多余词要把它删去,答题方式是先在原句中划掉多余词,再把删字符“/”写在句子后的留空处。经过对近几年的改错题的研究和分析,笔者得出以下结论性看法。   一、有错必究,眼疾手快   与其他类型考试不同,CET-6考试规定要求作答的那一句话肯定有一个错误,不像高考可能有错也可能无错、可能改错也可能没错可改,也不可能在一句话中让考生改几处错误。既然如此,考生就应带着批评的态度审视每一个词。如果考生发现所有词全都合适,那么再去从逻辑判断方面审视句子前后的关系,看一看前后句子应该是什么关系,如转折、因果、让步等,最后确定这些关系词是否使用正确。牢记一点,考生在交卷前,留下任何一个空白,都可能留下遗憾。   二、语言结构错误占很大比例   任何语法精、语感好的考生在规定时间的二分之一的时间内会找出一大半错误,并且能快速修改。通常一半左右的错误是比较明显的,其中最突出的结构问题有以下几种:   1、单复数概念。这是最简单、最基本的语法规则,但是由于它本身的特殊用法较多,加之考生的词汇量、语义场的水平差异大,不可能人人都能完全答对。   例1:This dream...was to find a piece of place, and build a house for one’s family...(2003年6月CET-6真题)   此句中的a piece of place应改为a place,或者直接将place改为land。因为place在此为可数名词,通常在land 前才加a piece of。   例2:Can we be so bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other planet within the not-too-distant future?(2000年1月CET-6真题) 人类探索其他星体,不只一个、两个,除了移民月球外,也许还有水星、木星等。故应将other 后的可数名词变成复数形式,而the other后的可数名词则不为复数形式。   2、主谓一致。主谓一致也是初、中级英语的基本知识范畴。然而由于英语中的集体名词、不定代词、指示代词、主谓倒装等特殊变量的存在,给语言学习者带来许多不好把握的地方。例1:...but behind it lies two myths...(2002年6月CET-6真题) 该句是一个例装句。谓语动词的形式与myths看齐,而非与介宾it一致。故应把lies改为lie。例2:...perhaps one in every seven deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the disease.(2001年6月CET-6真题)该句的主语是one,而非crowded cities,故谓语动词应改为was。此句的难点在于介词短语又多又长,容易干扰答题者的语法观念。   3、时态的前后一致。时态的前后一致,应属于初级英语学习者掌握的语法概念。然而有些段落时空交叉频繁和复合句中的分句特殊规则,也可能表示真理性的过去等,这些会给时态观念薄弱的考生造成障碍。    例1:These small households were portraits of independence:the entire family,mother,father,children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to support each other.(2003年6月CET-6真题)    此句总体上讲述的是这些小家庭是独立的掠影。而后半句解释到这些小家庭里的成员生活在一起,工作在一起的情景,应该用一般现在时,故将working 改为work,和live保持一致。          4、介词的灵活搭配和固定搭配。小小介词变化无穷。它的使用没有百分之百的规则,只有具备语篇中的灵活性,而这种灵活性又具有相当的固定性和规范性。     例1:This is new is the scale. . .(2001年6月CET-6真题)     此句中有两个is,说明其中一个是误用。根据文章上下文意思“它们在规模大小方面的不同之处倒是人们应该研究的新动向”,我们可以把第二个is改成in。  例2:Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.(2002年1月CET-6真题) when表示“当……时”,after表示“……之后”。本句中ten thousand years ago 指距今一万多年前,是在长期的原始狩猎时期之后,故应把when改为介词after。   三、语义前后不顺,缺乏逻辑性 有些考题乍一看没有任何问题,这时考生就不妨抛开语法问题,重点审查该句与上一句或下一句的逻辑关系。   1、用词不当。这种错误使语言含糊不清,让读者如坠云雾中。   例1:Anyone understood the life and death importance of family cooperation and hard work.(2003年1月CET-6真题) 此句中的anyone不太符合上下文语义场的要求,在肯定某一事实时,用everyone取代anyone。   例2:...a few generations late, sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.(2002年6月CET-6真题) 该句中的late不符合上下文意思,因为late仅表示“迟到”而没有“以后”的意思,要想表达“几代之后(几十年后)”就应该用a few generations later。later有“……以后,最近”的意思。   2、语义逻辑合理、前后意义连贯。有各别考题是考查学生的逻辑推断能力。人们说话或写文章一般应思路明确、顺畅,不能前后矛盾、颠三例四。   例1:Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed.该句中的if是误用,even if 后边只有their bodies是半句话,“即使他们的身体”只有把if删除,even their bodies“就连他们的身体”这样才可以与前边的短语构成复合主语表示他们的生活方式和身体状态都得以发生巨变。   例2:When U.S. soldiers came home after the World War II, for example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was a tremendous boom in home building. (2003年1月CET-6真题)   此句前后应该是递进关系,但是原文却用了but,使整个复合句成了转折关系,也使读者无法理解其意。故应该把But改成And。 2 / 34
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