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冶金课件9英08《冶》Ex-Metal Forming

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冶金课件9英08《冶》Ex-Metal FormingPAGE 1 英08《冶金科技口译》(Ex) 9-Metal Forming 金属成形 9.3 Listening –Note-taking –Interpreting 〔原文:汉译英 1〕 铸造是最早产生的液态金属成形工艺,现在仍然是一种重要的工艺。将熔化的金属导入铸模或内腔中,金属在铸模中凝固成由铸模轮廓确定形状的物件。与其他金属成形方法相比,铸造具有好几个优势。铸造用于生产超大工件,尤其是复杂形状的。 金属铸造工艺有两大类:铸锭和铸型。 铸锭是将熔化的金属倒入可重复使用的铸模中。凝固之后...

冶金课件9英08《冶》Ex-Metal Forming
PAGE 1 英08《冶金科技口译》(Ex) 9-Metal Forming 金属成形 9.3 Listening –Note-taking –Interpreting 〔原文:汉译英 1〕 铸造是最早产生的液态金属成形工艺,现在仍然是一种重要的工艺。将熔化的金属导入铸模或内腔中,金属在铸模中凝固成由铸模轮廓确定形状的物件。与其他金属成形方法相比,铸造具有好几个优势。铸造用于生产超大工件,尤其是复杂形状的。 金属铸造工艺有两大类:铸锭和铸型。 铸锭是将熔化的金属倒入可重复使用的铸模中。凝固之后,这些铸锭或连铸坯被进一步机械加工成多种新的形状。 铸型是将熔化的金属倒入铸模,铸模的内腔决定了最终形状。 〔原文:汉译英 2〕 挤压法同从牙膏管里挤出牙膏的原理一样。挤压是最具潜力和最有用的金属加工工艺之一,而且有不同的应用方式。 挤压在热态和冷态都可以进行。对大多数普通金属进行冷挤压需要有极大的压力,所以通常设计的设备都是进行热挤压的。 挤压法非常经济,是线材、棒材、管材和带材等产品的生产方法。 〔原文:汉译英 3〕 热处理通过加热和冷却来改变金属特性的过程。通过适当的热处理,能够使金属获得某些性质,例如:硬度、抗拉强度和韧性。回火和退火都是主要的热处理方法。 回火是把金属再加热到较低或适中的温度,然后放入水中急速冷却或在空气中自然冷却。回火使金属尽可能变硬,同时消除其脆性。 退火是把金属加热到临界温度之上然后慢慢冷却。是消除内应力的方法。 和许多其他冶金技术一样,热处理工艺的发展趋势是提高产量,降低能源消耗,减少环境污染。 〔原文:英译汉 1〕 Forging techniques are divided into hammer forging and die forging. Hammer forging is one of the oldest metalworking processes known to man. As early as 2000 BC, forging was used to produce weapons, implements, and jewelry. At that time, the process was performed by hand,using simple hammers. Today, the material is squeezed between two or more dies to alter (change) its shape and size in forging. Depending on the situation, the dies may be open or closed. 〔原文:英译汉 2〕 The most widely used process of metal plastic forming is rolling. As early as the sixteenth century soft metals such as lead, gold and silver had been rolled into sheets, but it was not until the eighteenth century that the process was employed on any large scale for the rolling of harder metals. There are records of a rolling mill in Birmingham in 1755, which was capable of hot-rolling bars of metal 7.5 cm wide and reducing them to a quarter of their former thickness, with corresponding extension of length. 〔原文:英译汉 3〕 There are two basic ways of making tubes. One way is to produce welded tubes and the other way is to produce seamless tubes. The first method begins with coils of strip. The products are called welded tubes. The coils are uncoiled and fed through a series of forming rolls. Those forming rolls gradually curl the flat strip into a tube shape. The edges of the tube are heated by electric induction and pressed together so that they join by welding. Then the tube travels through another series of rolls and get sized and straightened. Although many such tubes are supplied in straight lengths, there are quite a number of tubes which are manipulated into various shapes required by customers. 〔参考译文:汉译英 1〕 Casting is the earliest forming process of liquid metal and is still an important process today. The molten metal is introduced into a mold or a cavity where it solidifies into an object with the shape determined by mold configuration. Casting offers several advantages over other method of metal forming. It is used to produce extremely large pieces especially with intricate shapes. There are two broad categories of metal casting processes: ingot casting and casting to shape. Ingot castings are produced by pouring molten metal into a reusable mold. Following solidification, these ingots (or slabs, or billets) are then further processed mechanically into many new shapes. Casting to shape involves pouring molten metal into molds in which the cavity provides the final shape. 〔参考译文:汉译英 2〕 The process of extrusion involves a similar principle to that of squeezing toothpaste from the tube. Extrusion is one of the most potential and useful metal working processes and has various modes of application. Extrusion can be performed under both hot and cold conditions. A very great pressure would be necessary to extrude most of the common metals while cold, and therefore, the plant is generally designed to extrude metals while hot. The process of extrusion is very economical and is a normal production procedure for such products as rods, bars, tubes, and strips. 〔参考译文:汉译英 3〕 Heat treatment is a process of changing the characteristics of metal by heating and cooling. By proper heat treatment, it is possible to let metal obtain certain characteristics such as hardness, tensile strength, and ductility. Tempering and annealing are both among the major methods of heat treatment. Tempering is done by reheating the metal to low or moderate temperature. Then the metal is cooled rapidly in water or cooled naturally in air. It makes the metal as hard as possible and removes the brittleness at the same time. Annealing is to heat the metal above the critical temperature and then cool it slowly. Annealing is the process of relieving internal strain. Like many other techniques of metallurgy, the current trend of heat treatment is to increase throughputs, decrease energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution. 〔参考译文:英译汉 1〕 锻造技术可分为锤锻和模锻。锤锻是人类所知的最古老的金属加工工艺之一。早在公元前2000年,锻造就用来生产武器、工具和珠宝。当时,这一工艺是手工使用简单的锤子完成的。 今天的锻造材料是在两个或多个模具之间受到挤压以改变其形状和尺寸。根据情况不同,模具可以是开式的,也可以是闭式的。 〔参考译文:英译汉 2〕 最广泛使用的金属塑性成形工艺是轧制。虽然早在16世纪人们已经能够把铅、金、银之类的软金属轧制成片了,但是直到18世纪,轧制法才大规模地用来轧制较硬的金属。 根据记载,1755年在伯明翰开始有轧机,当时可以热轧7.5厘米宽的条材,将其厚度减小到原来的四分之一,相应地延展(延伸)了长度。 〔参考译文:英译汉 3〕 管材生产有两种基本的方法:一种生产焊管,另一种生产无缝管。 第一种方法从带卷开始。产品是焊管。把带卷打开并喂入一系列的成形辊,这些辊子逐渐把平带卷成管状,然后对接缝(焊管的管缝:带钢的边缘)进行电感应加热并压焊在一起,于是管缝就焊合了。管子再通过一系列的辊子进行定径和矫直。虽然许多这样的钢管是以直管方式交货的,但也有相当多的管子是按用户的要求加工成各种形状。
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