美国国家安全战略报告2017

1NationalSecurityStrategyoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaDECEMBER2017IMyfellowAmericans:eAmericanpeopleelectedmetomakeAmericagreatagain.IpromisedthatmyAdministrationwouldputthesafe,interests,andwell-beingofourcitizensfirst.IpledgedthatwewouldrevitalizetheAmericaneconomy,rebuildourmilitary,defendourborders,protectoursovereignty,andadvanceourvalues.Duringmyfirstyearinoffice,youhavewitnessedmyAmericaFirstforeignpolicyinaction.Weareprioritizingtheinterestsofourcitizensandprotectingoursovereignrightsasanation.Americaisleadingagainontheworldstage.Wearenothidingfromthechallengesweface.Weareconfrontingthemhead-onandpursuingopportunitiestopromotethesecuriandprosperiofallAmericans.eUnitedStatesfacesanextraordinarilydangerousworld,filledwithawiderangeofthreatsthathaveintensifiedinrecentyears.WhenIcameintooffice,rogueregimesweredevelopingnuclearweaponsandmissilestothreatentheentireplanet.RadicalIslamistterrorgroupswereflourishing.TerroristshadtakencontrolofvastswathsoftheMiddleEast.RivalpowerswereaggressivelyunderminingAmericaninterestsaroundtheglobe.Athome,porousbordersandunenforcedimmigrationlawshadcreatedahostofvulnerabilities.Criminalcartelswerebringingdrugsanddangerintoourcommunities.Unfairtradepracticeshadweakenedoureconomyandexportedourjobsoverseas.Unfairburden-sharingwithouralliesandinadequateinvestmentinourowndefensehadinviteddangerfromthosewhowishusharm.ToomanyAmericanshadlosttrustinourgovernment,faithinourfuture,andconfidenceinourvalues.Nearlyoneyearlater,althoughseriouschallengesremain,wearechartinganewandverydi�erentcourse.WearerallyingtheworldagainsttherogueregimeinNorthKoreaandconfrontingthedangerposedbythedictatorshipinIran,whichthosedeterminedtopursueaflawednucleardealhadneglected.WehaverenewedourfriendshipsintheMiddleEastandpartneredwithregionalleaderstohelpdriveoutterroristsandextremists,cutofftheirfinancing,anddiscredittheirwickedideology.WecrushedIslamicStateofIraqandSyria(ISIS)terroristsonthebattlefieldsofSyriaandIraq,andwillcontinuepursuingthemuntiltheyaredestroyed.America’salliesarenowcontributingmoretoourcommondefense,strengtheningevenourstrongestalliances.WehavealsocontinuedtomakeclearthattheUnitedStateswillnolongertolerateeconomicaggressionorunfairtradingpractices.Athome,wehaverestoredconfidenceinAmerica’spurpose.Wehaverecommittedourselvestoourfoundingprinciplesandtothevaluesthathavemadeourfamilies,communities,andsocietysosuccessful.Jobsarecomingbackandoureconomyisgrowing.WearemakinghistoricinvestmentsintheUnitedStatesmilitary.Weareenforcingourborders,buildingtraderelationshipsbasedonfairnessandreciprocity,anddefendingAmerica’ssovereigntywithoutapology.THEWHITEHOUSEWASHINGTON,DCNATIONALSECURITYSTRATEGYIIThewholeworldisliftedbyAmerica’srenewalandthereemergenceofAmericanleadership.Afteroneyear,theworldknowsthatAmericaisprosperous,Americaissecure,andAmericaisstrong.Wewillbringaboutthebeerfutureweseekforourpeopleandtheworld,byconfrontingthechallengesanddangersposedbythosewhoseektodestabilizetheworldandthreatenAmerica’speopleandinterests.MyAdministration’sNationalSecurityStrategylaysoutastrategicvisionforprotectingtheAmericanpeopleandpreservingourwayoflife,promotingourprosperity,preservingpeacethroughstrength,andadvancingAmericaninfluenceintheworld.Wewillpursuethisbeautifulvision—aworldofstrong,sovereign,andindependentnations,eachwithitsownculturesanddreams,thrivingside-by-sideinprosperity,freedom,andpeace—throughouttheupcomingyear.Inpursuitofthatfuture,wewilllookattheworldwithcleareyesandfreshthinking.WewillpromoteabalanceofpowerthatfavorstheUnitedStates,ourallies,andourpartners.Wewillneverlosesightofourvaluesandtheircapacitytoinspire,uplift,andrenew.Mostofall,wewillservetheAmericanpeopleandupholdtheirrighttoagovernmentthatprioritizestheirsecurity,theirprosperity,andtheirinterests.ThisNationalSecurityStrategyputsAmericaFirst.PresidentDonaldJ.TrumpeWhiteHouseDecember2017VTableofContentsIntroduction..........................................................................................................................1PILLARI:ProtecttheAmericanPeople,theHomeland,andtheAmericanWayofLife..................................................................................7SecureU.S.BordersandTerritory................................................................................................................................................8DefendAgainstWeaponsofMassDestruction(WMD)....................................................................................................8CombatBiothreatsandPandemics..........................................................................................................................................9StrengthenBorderControlandImmigrationPolicy...........................................................................................................9PursuereatstoeirSource....................................................................................................................................................10DefeatJihadistTerrorists..........................................................................................................................................................10DismantleTransnationalCriminalOrganizations............................................................................................................11KeepAmericaSafeintheCyberEra........................................................................................................................................12PromoteAmericanResilience.......................................................................................................................................................14PILLARII:PromoteAmericanProsperity..........................................................17RejuvenatetheDomesticEconomy...........................................................................................................................................18PromoteFree,Fair,andReciprocalEconomicRelationships................................................................................19LeadinResearch,Technology,Invention,andInnovation.....................................................................................20PromoteandProtecttheU.S.NationalSecuriInnovationBase......................................................................21EmbraceEnergyDominance........................................................................................................................................................22PILLARIII:PreservePeacethroughStrength..............................................25RenewAmerica’sCompetitiveAdvantages........................................................................................................................26RenewCapabilities...............................................................................................................................................................................28Military.........................................................................................................................................................................................28DefenseIndustrialBase............................................................................................................................................................29NuclearForces.............................................................................................................................................................................30Space...............................................................................................................................................................................................31Cyberspace....................................................................................................................................................................................31Intelligence...................................................................................................................................................................................32NATIONALSECURITYSTRATEGYVIDiplomacyandStatecraft................................................................................................................................................................33CompetitiveDiplomacy............................................................................................................................................................33ToolsofEconomicDiplomacy.................................................................................................................................................34InformationStatecra..............................................................................................................................................................34PILLARIV:AdvanceAmericanInfluence............................................................37EncourageAspiringPartners.......................................................................................................................................................38AchieveBeerOutcomesinMultilateralForums.........................................................................................................40ChampionAmericanValues..........................................................................................................................................................41TheStrategyinaRegionalContext................................................................45Indo-Pacific.................................................................................................................................................................................................45Europe.............................................................................................................................................................................................................47MiddleEast.................................................................................................................................................................................................48SouthandCentralAsia......................................................................................................................................................................50WesternHemisphere...........................................................................................................................................................................51Africa..............................................................................................................................................................................................................52Conclusion............................................................................................................................551IntroductionAnAmericathatissafe,prosperous,andfreeathomeisanAmericawiththestrength,confidence,andwilltoleadabroad.ItisanAmericathatcanpre-servepeace,upholdliber,andcreateenduringadvantagesfortheAmericanpeople.PuingAmericafirstistheduofourgovernmentandthefoun-dationforU.S.leadershipintheworld.AstrongAmericaisinthevitalinterestsofnotonlytheAmericanpeople,butalsothosearoundtheworldwhowanttopartnerwiththeUnitedStatesinpursuitofsharedinterests,values,andaspirations.isNationalSecuriStrategyputsAmericafirst.AnAmericaFirstNationalSecurityStrategyisbasedonAmericanprin-ciples,aclear-eyedassessmentofU.S.interests,andadeterminationtotacklethechal-lengesthatweface.Itisastrategyofprincipledrealismthatisguidedbyoutcomes,notideology.Itisbasedupontheviewthatpeace,securi,andprosperitydependonstrong,sovereignnationsthatrespecttheircitizensathomeandcooper-atetoadvancepeaceabroad.AnditisgroundedintherealizationthatAmericanprinciplesarealastingforceforgoodintheworld.“WethePeople”isAmerica’ssourceofstrength.eUnitedStateswasbornofadesireforlife,lib-erty,andthepursuitofhappiness—andaconvic-tionthatunaccountablepoliticalpoweristyr-anny.Forthesereasons,ourFounderscraftedandratifiedtheConstitution,establishingtherepub-licanformofgovernmentweenjoytoday.TheConstitutiongrantsournationalgovernmentnotonlyspecifiedpowersnecessarytoprotectourGod-givenrightsandlibertiesbutalsosafeguardsthembylimitingthegovernment’ssizeandscope,separatingFederalpowers,andprotectingtherightsofindividualsthroughtheruleoflaw.Allpoliticalpowerisultimatelydelegatedfrom,andaccountableto,thepeople.WeprotectAmericansovereigntybydefendingtheseinstitutions,traditions,andprinciplesthathaveallowedustoliveinfreedom,tobuildthenationthatwelove.Andweprizeournationalheritage,fortherareandfragileinstitutionsofrepublicangov-ernmentcanonlyendureiftheyaresustainedbyaculturethatcherishesthoseinstitutions.Liberandindependencehavegivenustheflour-ishingsocietyAmericansenjoytoday—avibrantandconfidentNation,welcomingofdisagree-mentanddifferences,butunitedbythebondsofhistory,culture,beliefs,andprinciplesthatdefinewhoweare.Weareproudofourrootsandhonorthewisdomofthepast.Wearecommiedtoprotectingtherightsanddigniofeverycitizen.Andweareanationoflaws,becausetheruleoflawistheshieldthatpro-tectstheindividualfromgovernmentcorruptionNATIONALSECURITYSTRATEGY2andabuseofpower,allowsfamiliestolivewith-outfear,andpermitsmarketstothrive.OurfoundingprincipleshavemadetheUnitedStatesofAmericaamongthegreatestforcesforgoodinhistory.Butwearealsoawarethatwemustprotectandbuilduponouraccomplish-ments,alwaysconsciousofthefactthattheinter-estsoftheAmericanpeopleconstituteourtrueNorthStar.America’sachievementsandstandingintheworldwereneitherinevitablenoraccidental.Onmanyoccasions,Americanshavehadtocompetewithadversarialforcestopreserveandadvanceoursecurity,prosperity,andtheprinciplesweholddear.Athome,wefoughttheCivilWartoendslav-eryandpreserveourUnioninthelongstrug-gletoextendequalrightsforallAmericans.Inthecourseofthebloodiestcenturyinhumanhis-tory,millionsofAmericansfought,andhun-dredsofthousandslosttheirlives,todefendlib-erintwoWorldWarsandtheColdWar.America,withouralliesandpartners,defeatedfascism,imperialism,andSovietcommunismandelimi-natedanydoubtsaboutthepoweranddurabilityofrepublicandemocracywhenitissustainedbyafree,proud,andunifiedpeople.TheUnitedStatesconsolidateditsmilitaryvictorieswithpoliticalandeconomictriumphsbuiltonmarketeconomiesandfairtrade,dem-ocraticprinciples,andsharedsecuritypartner-ships.Americanpolitical,business,andmilitaryleadersworkedtogetherwiththeircounterpartsinEuropeandAsiatoshapethepost-warorderthroughtheUnitedNations,theMarshallPlan,theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization(NATO),andotherinstitutionsdesignedtoadvanceoursharedinterestsofsecuri,freedom,andpeace.Werecog-nizetheinvaluableadvantagesthatourstrongrela-tionshipswithalliesandpartnersdeliver.FollowingtheremarkablevictoryoffreenationsintheColdWar,Americaemergedasthelonesuper-powerwithenormousadvantagesandmomen-tumintheworld.Success,however,bredcom-placency.Abeliefemerged,amongmany,thatAmericanpowerwouldbeunchallengedandself–sustaining.TheUnitedStatesbegantodrift.Weexperiencedacrisisofconfidenceandsurren-deredouradvantagesinkeyareas.Aswetookourpolitical,economic,andmilitaryadvan-tagesforgranted,otheractorssteadilyimple-mentedtheirlong-termplanstochallengeAmericaandtoadvanceagendasopposedtotheUnitedStates,ourallies,andourpartners.Westoodbywhilecountriesexploitedtheinterna-tionalinstitutionswehelpedtobuild.eysubsi-dizedtheirindustries,forcedtechnologytransfers,anddistortedmarkets.TheseandotheractionschallengedAmerica’seconomicsecuri.Athome,excessiveregulationsandhightaxesstifledgrowthandweakenedfreeenterprise—history’sgreat-estantidotetopoverty.Eachtimegovernmentencroachedontheproductiveactivitiesofprivatecommerce,itthreatenednotonlyourprosperitybutalsothespiritofcreationandinnovationthathasbeenkeytoournationalgreatness.ACompetitiveWorldTheUnitedStateswillrespondtothegrowingpolitical,economic,andmilitarycompetitionswefacearoundtheworld.ChinaandRussiachallengeAmericanpower,influ-ence,andinterests,aemptingtoerodeAmericansecurityandprosperity.Theyaredeterminedtomakeeconomieslessfreeandlessfair,togrowtheirmilitaries,andtocontrolinformationanddatatorepresstheirsocietiesandexpandtheirinfluence.Atthesametime,thedictatorshipsoftheDemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKoreaandtheIslamicRepublicofIranaredeterminedtodesta-bilizeregions,threatenAmericansandourallies,andbrutalizetheirownpeople.Transnational3INTRODUCTIONthreatgroups,fromjihadistterroriststotransna-tionalcriminalorganizations,areactivelytryingtoharmAmericans.Whilethesechallengesdif-ferinnatureandmagnitude,theyarefundamen-tallycontestsbetweenthosewhovaluehumandignityandfreedomandthosewhooppressindividualsandenforceuniformity.ThesecompetitionsrequiretheUnitedStatestorethinkthepoliciesofthepasttwodecades—poli-ciesbasedontheassumptionthatengagementwithrivalsandtheirinclusionininternationalinsti-tutionsandglobalcommercewouldturnthemintobenignactorsandtrustworthypartners.Forthemostpart,thispremiseturnedouttobefalse.Rivalactorsusepropagandaandothermeanstotrytodiscreditdemocracy.eyadvanceanti-Westernviewsandspreadfalseinformationtocreatedivi-sionsamongourselves,ourallies,andourpartners.Inaddition,jihadistterroristssuchasISISandal-Qa’idacontinuetospreadabarbaricideologythatcallsfortheviolentdestructionofgovernmentsandinnocentstheyconsidertobeapostates.esejihadistterroristsattempttoforcethoseundertheirinfluencetosubmittoSharialaw.America’smilitaryremainsthestrongestintheworld.However,U.S.advantagesareshrinkingasrivalstatesmodernizeandbuilduptheircon-ventionalandnuclearforces.Manyactorscannowfieldabroadarsenalofadvancedmissiles,includingvariantsthatcanreachtheAmericanhomeland.Accesstotechnologyempowersandemboldensotherwiseweakstates.NorthKorea—acountrythatstarvesitsownpeople—hasspenthundredsofmillionsofdollarsonnuclear,chem-ical,andbiologicalweaponsthatcouldthreatenourhomeland.Inaddition,manyactorshavebecomeskilledatoperatingbelowthethresh-oldofmilitaryconflict—challengingtheUnitedStates,ourallies,andourpartnerswithhostileactionscloakedindeniabili.OurtaskistoensurethatAmericanmilitarysuperiorityendures,andincombinationwithotherelementsofnationalpower,isreadytoprotectAmericansagainstsophisticatedchallengestonationalsecurity.Thecontestoverinformationacceleratesthesepolitical,economic,andmilitarycompetitions.Data,likeenergy,willshapeU.S.economicprosper-ityandourfuturestrategicpositionintheworld.Theabilitytoharnessthepowerofdataisfun-damentaltothecontinuinggrowthofAmerica’seconomy,prevailingagainsthostileideologies,andbuildinganddeployingthemosteffectivemilitaryintheworld.WelearnedthedicultlessonthatwhenAmericadoesnotlead,malignactorsfillthevoidtothedis-advantageoftheUnitedStates.WhenAmericadoeslead,however,fromapositionofstrengthandconfidenceandinaccordancewithourinter-estsandvalues,allbenefit.Competitiondoesnotalwaysmeanhostility,nordoesitinevitablyleadtoconflict—althoughnoneshoulddoubtourcommitmenttodefendourinter-ests.AnAmericathatsuccessfullycompetesisthebestwaytopreventconflict.JustasAmericanweak-nessinviteschallenge,Americanstrengthandcon-fidencedeterswarandpromotespeace.AnAmericaFirstNationalSecuriStrategyThecompetitionsandrivalriesfacingtheUnitedStatesarenotpassingtrendsormomentaryprob-lems.Theyareintertwined,long-termchallengesthatdemandoursustainednationalaentionandcommitment.Americapossessesunmatchedpolitical,eco-nomic,military,andtechnologicaladvantages.Buttomaintaintheseadvantages,builduponourstrengths,andunleashthetalentsoftheAmericanpeople,wemustprotectfourvitalnationalinter-estsinthiscompetitiveworld.NATIONALSECURITYSTRATEGY4First,ourfundamentalresponsibilityistoprotecttheAmericanpeople,thehomeland,andtheAmericanwayoflife.Wewillstrengthencontrolofourbordersandreformourimmigra-tionsystem.Wewillprotectourcriticalinfrastruc-tureandgoaftermaliciouscyberactors.Alayeredmissiledefensesystemwilldefendourhomelandagainstmissileaack