状语和状语从句

状语和状语从句AdverbialandAdverbialClause状语的定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。副词作状语Sheisplayingwiththedoghappily.她正在和那条狗快乐地玩耍。Johndrovetooslowly.约翰开车太慢。方式状语方式状语程度状语介词短语作状语HeiswatchingTVinthelivingroomwithhisfriends.Youcankeepthebookforthreedays.地点状语伴随状语时间状语非谓语动词短语作状语地点状语伴随状语目的状语Shesattheredoingnothing.她坐在那里无所事事。Towinthebasketballgame,youmusthavegoodskills.请找出下列句子中的时间状语并说明其形式HewaswatchingTVthen.HewaswatchingTVatthattime.HewaswatchingTVatnineo’clockyesterdayevening.HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamebackhome.HewaswatchingTVwhileshewasreadingabook.副词介词短语介词短语从句从句时间状语从句：表示时间的状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句地点状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式识别从句和连词，说出状语从句的类型Pleseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Hedoesn’tcomeherebecauseheisill.）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hewassocleverthathecouldsolvetheproblemsbyhimself.()6.Ifyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceedintheend.()7.Thoughheiseighty,hestillworksinthefield.()8.WecanputonashortplayjustaswedoattheEnglishcorner.()时间状语从句whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonas 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 (省略)注意：1）when,as,whilewhen即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如：WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.当when,as,while表示“在一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当时候”和“在之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim.(3)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.讲练结合:1.－DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?－Yes.IgaveittoherIsawher.A.while B.themoment C.suddenly D.once2.IthoughtherniceandhonestImether.A.firsttime B.forthefirsttime C.thefirsttime D.bythefirsttime3.enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.Hehardlyhad B.Hadhehardly C.Hardlyhadhe D.HardlyhehadBCC小结：1．一些词，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于assoonas的意思。Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.2．一些含有time的名词短语，如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.(4)till和until如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到为止”。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.③放在句首表示强调时一般用until。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.【小结】时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，assoonas，until，once。时间状语从句还可由一些名词themoment,theinstant,everytime等）和副词instantly,directly等）连接。例如：I’lltelephoneyoutheinstantIknow.我一知道就立即给你打电话。EverytimeIcatchacold,mynoseruns.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。例如：Youwillgettoknowwhenyougrowup.你长大后就会了解。1.时间状语从句1.Wewereswimminginthelakesuddenlythestormstarted.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecretsomeonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as B.until C.while D.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegardenitwasthebesttimeforit.A.where B.whenC.that D.until4.－DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?－Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clockhearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.that D.until5.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismealafamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.why B.where C.whenD.whileADBBC6.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.since B.whenC.as D.while7.Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.While B.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless连接词while的用法小结1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。DA2、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,since,nowthat引导。区别是:because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子，一般都用because答。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。Sinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。Youneedn’tgowithme,asyouarebusy.AsIwasafraid,Ihidmyself.nowthat意思与since相似，表示“既然”。NowthatyouareinHighSchool,youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading.Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived,let’shaveourdinner.注意：在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.②because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时状语一般都是it,this,thatIt’sbecauseheistoolazy.③for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.原因状语从句becausesinceasfornowthatconsidering(that)seeing(that)既然考虑到／鉴于鉴于／由于／既然／因为3、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.4、目的状语从句：通常由sothat,inorderthat,sothat,lest,incase以防、免得）等引导：Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.目的状语从句引导词sothatinorderthatincase以防、免得）forfearthat(生怕，以免）lest(以免，免得)Ihidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.【特别提醒】由lest，forfearthat引导的目的状语从句要使用虚拟语气，由should＋动词原形构成。5、结果状语从句：由sothat,sothat,suchthat引导：Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.6、条件状语从句:由if,unless,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，万一)等引导：Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail,Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。7、方式状语从句：由连词：as,asif,asthough引导：Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.8、比较状语从句：由连词asas,notso(as)as,than等引导：Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.Hecan’trunsofastasshe.注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.9、让步状语从句：由though,although,as(虽然尽管),evenif,eventhough,whever,nomatterwh,whether引导.whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwhevernomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhownomatterwhThoughheisold,yetheisactive.Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.Whenever(=nomatterwhen)youcallonme,youarealwayswelcome.Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis.NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.注意：1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still副词）等连用，用来加强语气。Though(Although)hewastired,yet(still)hewentonworking.3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。如：Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguage.表语提前）Childashewas,hehadtosupportthefamily.表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Surroundedaswewerebytheenemy,wemanagedtomarchforward.表语名词提前并常省去冠词）对比训练与巩固1.Wewereabouttoleaveitbegantorain.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.3.HardlyhadIfinishedmycompositionthebellrang.A.whenB.whileC.asD.during对比训练１ABA1.Childsheis,sheknowsalot.2.Hedidtheexperimenthewastold.3.Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnotgood.A.duringB.asC.soD.thoughE.bothBandC对比训练２EBB1.Hewouldhavealookatthebookstoreshewenttotown.2.Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,happens.3.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,weovercomeanydifficulty,greatitis.4.I’llgivethebooktolikesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however对比训练３ACDB对比训练４1.Itwillbeyearswemeetagain.2.ItistenyearsIcametothistown.3.ItistenyearsagoIcametothistown4.Itis1986hisfirstnovelcameout.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.sinceCDBA对比训练5Goandgetyourcoat.Itisyouleftit.2.Youarefreetogoyoulike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.whenBC1.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglishallofuscanreadit.2.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglishallofuscanread.A.thatB.whichC.asD.sothat对比训练6CA对比训练71.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomattergreatitis.2.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,greatitis.3.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,difficultyitis.4.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatterdifficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverBCDA状语的形式和位置在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以是单词、词组或从句；可以是副词短语）、介词短语、分词短语）、动词不定式短语）、状语从句等。与其他语法范畴相比，状语的位置也最灵活，它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediatelyhereplied.句首）Heimmediatelyreplied.句中）Herepliedimmediately.句尾）THANKYOU！