ISO2808_2007

RfrncnumbrISO2808:2007(E)©ISO2007INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO2808Fourthdition20070201Paintsandarnishs—DtrminationoffilmthicknssPinturstrnis—Détrminationdl'épaissurdufuilISO2808:2007(E)PDFdisclaimrThisPDFfilmaycontainmbdddtypfacs.InaccordancwithAdob'slicnsingpolicy,thisfilmaybprintdoriwdbutshallnotbditdunlssthtypfacswhicharmbdddarlicnsdtoandinstalldonthcomputrprformingthditing.Indownloadingthisfil,partisaccptthrinthrsponsibilityofnotinfringingAdob'slicnsingpolicy.ThISOCntralScrtariataccptsnoliabilityinthisara.AdobisatradmarkofAdobSystmsIncorporatd.DtailsofthsoftwarproductsusdtocratthisPDFfilcanbfoundinthGnralInforlatitothfil;thPDFcrationparamtrswroptimizdforprinting.ErycarhasbntakntonsurthatthfilissuitablforusbyISOmmbrbodis.Inthunliklyntthataproblmrlatingtoitisfound,plasinformthCntralScrtariatatthaddrssginblow.©ISO2007Allrightsrsrd.Unlssothrwisspcifid,nopartofthispublicationmaybrproducdorutilizdinanyformorbyanymans,lctronicormchanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutprmissioninwritingfromithrISOatthaddrssbloworISO'smmbrbodyinthcountryofthrqustr.ISOcopyrightofficCaspostal56CH1211Gna20Tl.+41227490111Fax+41227490947Emailcopyright@iso.orgWbwww.iso.orgPublishdinSwitzrlandii©ISO2007–AllrightsrsrdISO2808:2007(E)©ISO2007–AllrightsrsrdiiiContntsPagForword.Introduction.i1Scop..12Normatirfrncs13Trmsanddfinitions14Dtrminationofwtfilmthicknss34.1Gnral34.2Mchanicalmthods..34.2.1Principl.34.2.2Fildofapplication.34.2.3Gnral34.2.4Mthod1A—Combgaug44.2.5Mthod1B—Whlgaug54.2.6Mthod1C—Dialgaug.64.3Graimtricmthod74.3.1Principl.74.3.2Fildofapplication.74.3.3Gnral74.3.4Mthod2—Bydiffrncinmass..74.4Photothrmalmthod84.4.1Principl.84.4.2Fildofapplication.84.4.3Gnral94.4.4Mthod3—Dtrminationusingthrmalproprtis..95Dtrminationofdryfilmthicknss95.1Gnral95.2Mchanicalmthods..95.2.1Principl.95.2.2Fildofapplication..105.2.3Gnral.105.2.4Mthod4A—Bydiffrncinthicknss..115.2.5Mthod4B—Dpthgauging.135.2.6Mthod4C—Surfacprofilscanning..155.3Graimtricmthod.165.3.1Principl..165.3.2Fildofapplication..165.3.3Gnral.165.3.4Mthod5—Bydiffrncinmass165.4Opticalmthods.175.4.1Principl..175.4.2Fildofapplication..185.4.3Gnral.185.4.4Mthod6A—Crosssctioning..195.4.5Mthod6B—Wdgcut..205.5Magnticmthods205.5.1Gnral.205.5.2Principl..205.5.3Fildofapplication..205.5.4Gnral.21ISO2808:2007(E)i©ISO2007–Allrightsrsrd5.5.5Mthod7A—Magnticpulloffgaug.215.5.6Mthod7B—Magnticfluxgaug225.5.7Mthod7C—Magnticinductiongaug..225.5.8Mthod7D—Eddycurrntgaug.235.6Radiologicalmthod245.6.1Principl..245.6.2Fildofapplication..245.6.3Gnral.245.6.4Mthod8—Btabackscattrmthod.255.7Photothrmalmthod.255.7.1Principl..255.7.2Fildofapplication..265.7.3Gnral.265.7.4Mthod9—Dtrminationusingthrmalproprtis275.8Acousticmthod275.8.1Principl..275.8.2Fildofapplication..275.8.3Gnral.275.8.4Mthod10—Ultrasonicthicknssgaug.286Dtrminationofthicknssofuncurdpowdrlayrs.286.1Gnral.286.2Graimtricmthod.296.2.1Principl..296.2.2Fildofapplication..296.2.3Gnral.296.2.4Mthod11—Bydiffrncinmass.296.3Magnticmthods.296.3.1Principl..296.3.2Fildofapplication..296.3.3Gnral.306.3.4Mthod12A—Magnticinductiongaug306.3.5Mthod12B—Eddycurrntgaug..316.4Photothrmalmthod.316.4.1Principl..316.4.2Fildofapplication..316.4.3Gnral.316.4.4Mthod13—Dtrminationusingthrmalproprtis.317Masurmntoffilmthicknssonroughsurfacs.327.1Gnral.327.2Apparatusandmatrials..337.3Procdur337.3.1Vrification.337.3.2Masurmnt337.3.3Numbrofradings.338Tstrport..33AnnxA(informati)Oriwofmthods.35Bibliography..38ISO2808:2007(E)©ISO2007–AllrightsrsrdForwordISO(thIntrnationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidfdrationofnationalstandardsbodis(ISOmmbrbodis).ThworkofprparingIntrnationalStandardsisnormallycarridoutthroughISOtchnicalcommitts.Eachmmbrbodyintrstdinasubjctforwhichatchnicalcommitthasbnstablishdhasthrighttobrprsntdonthatcommitt.Intrnationalorganizations,gornmntalandnongornmntal,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakpartinthwork.ISOcollaboratscloslywiththIntrnationalElctrotchnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattrsoflctrotchnicalstandardization.IntrnationalStandardsardraftdinaccordancwiththrulsgininthISOIECDirctis,Part2.ThmaintaskoftchnicalcommittsistoprparIntrnationalStandards.DraftIntrnationalStandardsadoptdbythtchnicalcommittsarcirculatdtothmmbrbodisforoting.PublicationasanIntrnationalStandardrquirsapproalbyatlast75%ofthmmbrbodiscastingaot.Attntionisdrawntothpossibilitythatsomofthlmntsofthisdocumntmaybthsubjctofpatntrights.ISOshallnotbhldrsponsiblforidntifyinganyorallsuchpatntrights.ISO2808wasprpardbyTchnicalCommittISOTC35,Paintsandarnishs,SubcommittSC9,Gnraltstmthodsforpaintsandarnishs.Thisfourthditioncanclsandrplacsththirddition(ISO2808:1997),whichhasbntchnicallyrisd.Thmainchangsarasfollows:a)Thstructurofthstandardhasbnchangdintofourmainclauss:1)dtrminationofwtfilmthicknss;2)dtrminationofdryfilmthicknss;3)dtrminationofththicknssofuncurdpowdrlayrs;and4)masurmntoffilmthicknssonroughsurfacs.b)Mthodsusingphotothrmal,radiologicalandacoustictchniqushabnaddd.c)Thsplitbammthodhasbndltdassuchinstrumntsarnolongrmanufacturd.ISO2808:2007(E)i©ISO2007–AllrightsrsrdIntroductionMasurmntoffilmthicknssdpndsonthfollowingstps:a)calibrationofthmasurmntinstrumnt,typicallyprformdbythmanufacturrorbyanyqualifidlaboratory;b)rificationofthinstrumnt(anaccuracychckprformdbythusratrgularintrals,typicallybforachsrisofmasurmnts);c)subsquntadjustmnt,ifncssary,ofthinstrumntsothatththicknssradingsitgismatchthosofaspcimnofknownthicknss.Foradryfilmthicknssgaugthiswouldmanzroingitonthuncoatdsurfac,usingdicsofknownthicknsssuchasshims,orusingacoatdspcimnofknownfilmthicknss;d)masurmnt.INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO2808:2007(E)©ISO2007–Allrightsrsrd1Paintsandarnishs—Dtrminationoffilmthicknss1ScopThisIntrnationalStandarddscribsanumbrofmthodsthatarapplicabltothmasurmntofththicknssofcoatingsapplidtoasubstrat.Mthodsfordtrminingwtfilmthicknss,dryfilmthicknssandthfilmthicknssofuncurdpowdrlayrsardscribd.Rfrncismadtoindiidualstandardswhrthsxist.Othrwisthmthodisdscribdindtail.AnoriwonthmthodsisgininAnnxA,inwhichthfildofapplication,xistingstandardsandthprcisionarspcifidforthindiidualmthods.ThisIntrnationalStandardalsodfinstrmsconcrningthdtrminationoffilmthicknss.2NormatirfrncsThfollowingrfrncddocumntsarindispnsablforthapplicationofthisdocumnt.Fordatdrfrncs,onlythditioncitdapplis.Forundatdrfrncs,thlatstditionofthrfrncddocumnt(includinganyamndmnts)applis.ISO463,GomtricalProductSpcifications(GPS)—Dimnsionalmasuringquipmnt—DsignandmtrologicalcharactristicsofmchanicaldialgaugsISO3611,MicromtrcalliprsforxtrnalmasurmntISO4618:2006,Paintsandarnishs—TrmsanddfinitionsISO85031,Prparationofstlsubstratsbforapplicationofpaintsandrlatdproducts—Surfacroughnsscharactristicsofblastclandstlsubstrats—Part1:SpcificationsanddfinitionsforISOsurfacprofilcomparatorsforthassssmntofabrasiblastclandsurfacs3TrmsanddfinitionsForthpurpossofthisdocumnt,thtrmsanddfinitionsgininISO4618andthfollowingapply.3.1substratsurfactowhichacoatingmatrialisapplidoristobapplid[ISO4618:2006]3.2coatingcontinuouslayrformdfromasinglormultiplapplicationofacoatingmatrialtoasubstrat[ISO4618:2006]ISO2808:2007(E)2©ISO2007–Allrightsrsrd3.3filmthicknssdistancbtwnthsurfacofthfilmandthsurfacofthsubstrat3.4wtfilmthicknssthicknssofafrshlyapplidwtcoatingmatrial,masurdimmdiatlyaftrapplication3.5dryfilmthicknssthicknssofacoatingrmainingonthsurfacwhnthcoatinghashardnd3.6thicknssofuncurdpowdrlayrthicknssofafrshlyapplidcoatingmatrialinpowdrform,masurdimmdiatlyaftrapplicationandbforstoing3.7rlantsurfacara1)partofanarticlcordortobcordbythcoatingandforwhichthcoatingisssntialforsricabilityandorapparanc3.8tstara1)rprsntatipartofthrlantsurfacarawithinwhichanagrdnumbrofsinglmasurmntsismadasaspotchck3.9masurmntara1)araorwhichasinglmasurmntismad3.10minimumlocalfilmthicknss1)lowstaluofthlocalfilmthicknssfoundonthrlantsurfacaraofaparticulartstspcimn3.11maximumlocalfilmthicknss1)highstaluofthlocalfilmthicknssfoundonthrlantsurfacaraofaparticulartstspcimn3.12manfilmthicknss1)arithmticmanofallthindiidualdryfilmthicknsssinthtstaraorthrsultofagraimtricdtrminationofththicknss3.13calibrationcontrolldanddocumntdprocssofmasuringtracablcalibrationstandardsandrifyingthatthrsultsarwithinthstatdaccuracyofthmasurmntinstrumntNOTEInitialcalibrationistypicallyprformdbythinstrumntmanufacturrorbyaqualifidlaboratoryinacontrolldnironmntusingadocumntdprocss.Thisinitialcalibrationwillnormallybrifidbythusratrgularintrals.Thstandardsusdinthcalibrationarsuchthatthcombinduncrtaintisofthrsultantmasurmntarlssthanthstatdaccuracyofthinstrumnt.1)Masurmntofthisproprtyisonlyrquirdforthxtnddaluationoffilmthicknssmasurmnts;sClaus8(tstrport),itmsk)andl).ISO2808:2007(E)©ISO2007–Allrightsrsrd33.14rificationaccuracychckprformdbythusrusingrfrncstandards3.15rfrncstandardspcimnofknownthicknssagainstwhichausrcanrifythaccuracyofthmasurmntinstrumntNOTERfrncstandardsmaybcoatdthicknssstandards,orshims.Ifagrdtobythcontractingpartis,apartofthtstspcimnmaybusdasathicknssstandardforaparticularjob.3.16adjustmntactofaligningthmasurmntinstrumnt'sthicknssradingstomatchthosofarfrncstandardNOTEMostlctronicmasurmntinstrumntscanbadjustdonathicknssstandardoronashim,whrththicknssofthcoatingorofthshimisknown.3.17accuracyconsistncybtwnamasurdaluandthtrualuofththicknssstandard4Dtrminationofwtfilmthicknss4.1GnralAnnxAgisanoriwofthmthodsusdforthdtrminationofwtfilmthicknss.4.2Mchanicalmthods4.2.1PrinciplInallmchanicalmthodsthsubstratsurfaciscontactdbypartofthmasurmntinstrumntthroughthcoating,andthsurfacofthcoatingiscontactdsimultanously(sFigur1)orsubsquntly(sFigurs2and3)byanothrpartofthinstrumnt.Thwtfilmthicknssisthhightdiffrncbtwnthstwopointsofcontact,whichcanbraddirctly.4.2.2FildofapplicationThmchanicalprinciplissuitablforallfilmsubstratcombinations.Thsubstrathastobflatinatlastondirctionintharawhrthmasurmntisconductd.Curaturofthsurfacinasinglplanisprmissibl(.g.intrnalorxtrnalsurfacofpips).4.2.3GnralClassificationasadstructiornondstructimthoddpndson:a)thrhologicalproprtisofthcoatingmatrial;b)thnaturofthwttingcontactbtwnthcontactsurfacsofthmasurmntinstrumntandthcoatingmatrial;c)whthrththicknssmasurmntswillmakthcoatingunsuitablforthpurposforwhichitisintndd.Sincthpossibilityofpigmntparticlsrmainingbtwnthgaugandthsubstratcannotbxcludd,allmchanicalmthodscontainasystmaticrror:thfilmthicknssdisplaydissmallrthanthactualwtfilmthicknssbyatlastthmandiamtrofthpigmntparticls.ISO2808:2007(E)4©ISO2007–AllrightsrsrdInthcasofawhlgaug(mthod1B,s4.2.5),thwhlhastobwttdbythcoatingmatrial.Ifnot,thisrprsntsafurthrsourcofsystmaticrrorwhichcanrsultinxaggratdradingsandisafunctionof:⎯thsurfactnsionandthrhologicalproprtisofthcoatingmatrial;⎯thmatrialofthwhlgaug;⎯thspdatwhichthwhlisturnd.4.2.4Mthod1A—Combgaug4.2.4.1DscriptionofinstrumntAcombgaugisaflatplatmadofacorrosionrsistantmatrialwithtthalongitsdgs(sFigur1).Thrfrnctthatthcornrsofthplatdfinabaslinalongwhichthinnrtthararrangdtogiagraduatdsrisofgaps.Eachtoothislablldwiththassigndgapalu.Withcommrciallyaailablcombgaugsthmaximumthicknsswhichcanbmasurdistypically2000µmandthsmallstincrmntistypically5µm.Ky1substrat2coating3pointofwttingcontact4combgaugFigur1—Examplofacombgaug4.2.4.2ProcdurEnsurthatthttharclanandnotwornordamagd.Placthcombgaugontothflatspcimnsurfacsuchthatthttharnormaltothplanofthsurfac.Allowsufficinttimforthcoatingtowtthtthpriortormoingthgaug.Inthcasofspcimnscurdinasinglplan,thcombgaugshallbplacdinpositionparallltothaxisofcuratur.Thrsultofththicknssmasurmntdpndsonthtimofmasurmnt.Ththicknssshouldthrforbmasurdassoonaspossiblaftrapplication.Notthgratstgapradingofthtoothwttdbythcoatingmatrialasthwtfilmthicknss.ISO2808:2007(E)©ISO2007–Allrightsrsrd54.2.5Mthod1B—Whlgaug4.2.5.1DscriptionofinstrumntAwhlgaugconsistsofawhl,madofhardndandcorrosionrsistantstl,withthrprojctingrims(sFigur2).Tworimsargroundtothsamdiamtrandarconfigurdconcntricallytothwhlaxl.Ththirdrimhasasmallrdiamtrandisccntricallyground.Onofthoutrrimshasascalfromwhichthrspctiprojctionofthconcntricrimsrlatitothccntricrimcanbrad.Tworsionsaraailabl:⎯rsion1hasthccntricrimlocatdbtwnthconcntricrims;⎯rsion2hasthccntricrimlocatdoutsidthconcntricrimsandcloslyadjacnttoonofthm.NOTEUnlikrsion1,thdsignofrsion2allowsparallaxfrradingofthwtfilmthicknss.Withcommrciallyaailablwhlgaugs,thmaximumthicknsswhichcanbmasurdistypically1500µmandthsmallstincrmntistypically2µm.Ky1substrat2coating3ccntricrim4whlgaugFigur2—Examplofawhlgaug4.2.5.2ProcdurGripthwhlgaugwithththumbandindxfingrbythwhlaxlandprssthconcntricrimsontothsurfacatthpointofthlargstradingonthscal.Inthcasofspcimnscurdinasinglplan,thaxisofcuraturandthwhlgaugaxlshallbparalll.Rollthwhlgauginondirction,liftitfromthsurfacandradoffthhighstscalradingatwhichthccntricrimisstillwttdbythcoatingmatrial.Clanthgaugandrpatinthothrdirction.ISO2808:2007(E)6©ISO2007–AllrightsrsrdCalculatthwtfilmthicknssastharithmticmanofthsradings.Thrsultofththicknssmasurmntdpndsonthtimofmasurmnt.Ththicknssshouldthrforbmasurdassoonaspossiblaftrapplication.Tominimizthffctofsurfactnsiononthrsult,obsrhowthpaintwtsthccntricrimandrcordthscalradingatthfirstpointofcontact.Thisisonlypossiblwithrsion2ofthwhlgaug.4.2.6Mthod1C—Dialgaug4.2.6.1Instrumntandrfrncstandards4.2.6.1.1Dialgaug(sFigur3)MchanicaldialgaugsconformingtothrquirmntsofISO463andlctronicdialgaugsartypicallycapablofmasuringtoanaccuracyof5µm(mchanicaldialgaug)or1µm(lctronicdialgaug),orbttr.Thgaugcanhaananaloguordigitaldisplay.Thundrsidofthdialgaughastwocontactpinsofquallngthlocatdquidistantfromthmoablplungrandinastraightlinwithit.Anadjustingscrwisusdtomakfinadjustmntstothpositionofthplungrinitsguidway.Ky1substrat2coating3plungrFigur3—Examplofadialgaug4.2.6.1.2RfrncstandardforzroingthgaugAflatrfrncplatisrquirdforzroingthgaug.Thrfrncplatshallconsistofaflatglassplatwhosflatnsstolrancdosnotxcd1µm(salsoISO1101[1]).4.2.6.2ProcdurZrothdialgaugonthrfrncplatwiththmasuringtipadjustdsothatitisjusttouchingthplat.Scrwthplungrbackfromthzroingposition.Placthcontactpinsofthdialgaugonthspcimnsothatthyarnormaltothsurfacofthsubstratandcarfullyscrwthplungrdownuntilthmasuringtipisjusttouchingthcoatingmatrial.ISO2808:2007(E)©ISO2007–Allrightsrsrd7Thrsultofththicknssmasurmntdpndsonthtimofmasurmnt.Ththicknssshouldthrforbmasurdassoonaspossiblaftrapplication.Radthwtfilmthicknssdirctlyfromthgaug.4.3Graimtricmthod4.3.1PrinciplAcoatingisapplidandththicknssisdtrmindbydiidingthmassofthcoatingbyitsdnsityandbythcoatdsurfacara.Thwtfilmthicknss,tw,inmicromtrs,iscalculatdfromthquation0wmmtAρ−=⋅(1)whrm0isthmassofthuncoatdspcimn,ingrams;misthmassofthcoatdspcimn,ingrams;Aisthcoatdsurfacara,insquarmtrs;ρisthdnsityofthliquidcoatingmatrialapplid,ingramsprmillilitr.NOTEThdnsityofthliquidcoatingmatrialapplidcanbdtrmindinaccordancwithISO28111,ISO28112,ISO28113orISO28114.4.3.2FildofapplicationThgraimtricprinciplisgnrallyapplicabl,proiddthatthamountofhighlyolatilsubstancsinthliquidcoatingmatrialislow.4.3.3GnralDtrminationusingthgraimtricprinciplyildsthmanaluofthwtfilmthicknssorthntircoatdsurfacara.Withsprayapplicationinparticular,thrrssidofthspcimnshallbmaskdtoprntmasurmntrrorsrsultingfrompartialcoatingofthrrs(orspray).Anymaskingofthrrssidshallbrmodbforwighingthcoatdspcimn.4.3.4Mthod2—Bydiffrncinmass4.3.4.1ApparatusRquirdarscalscapablofwighingupto500gtothnarst1mg.4.3.4.2ProcdurWighthspcimnfirstuncoatdandthncoatdandcalculatthwtfilmthicknssusingEquation(1).ISO2808:2007(E)8©ISO2007–Allrightsrsrd4.4Photothrmalmthod4.4.1PrinciplThfilmthicknssisdtrmindfromthdiffrncbtwnthtimathrmalwaisradiatdtowardsthcoatingandthtimthrmittdwa(ithrhatorultrasonic)isdtctd(sFigur4).Irrspctiofthtypofxcitationinoldorthmthodofdtction,allphotothrmalmthodsusthsamprincipl:thpriodicorpulsdintroductionofnrgyinthformofhatintoaspcimnandthsubsquntdtctionofthlocaltmpraturincras.Thtimdiffrncmasurdiscompardagainstalusobtaindwiththinstrumntforfilmsofknownthicknssundrfixdconditions(xcitationnrgy,pulslngth,xcitationfrquncy,tc.)(s4.4.4.2).Ky1substrat2coating3rmittdthrmalradiation4absorptionofradiationbycoating(dpndsoncoatingthicknssandcoatingmatrial)5thrmalirradiation6thrmalwas7ultrasonicwas8surfacdformationFigur4—Intractionofradiationwiththspcimninphotothrmalthicknssmasurmnt,showingsurfacdformation4.4.2FildofapplicationThphotothrmalprinciplisbasicallysuitablforallfilmsubstratcombinations.Itcanalsobusdtodtrminththicknsssofthindiiduallayrsinamultilayrcoating,proiddthlayrsarsufficintlydistinctfromachothrwithrspcttothirthrmalconductiityandrflctionproprtis.Thrquirdminimumsubstratthicknssisafunctionofthmasurmntsystmusd(s4.4.4.1.1)andthfilmsubstratcombination.ISO2808:2007(E)©ISO2007–Allrightsrsrd94.4.3GnralClassificationofthmthodasdstructiornondstructidpndsonthpurposofthcoating.Ththrmalnrgyabsorbdbythcoatingcouldhaanimpactonthcoatingowingtothlocalhatingffctproducd(sitm8inFigur4).4.4.4Mthod3—Dtrminationusingthrmalproprtis4.4.4.1Instrumntandrfrncstandards4.4.4.1.1MasurmntsystmThrarariousmthodsforproducingthrmalwasinacoatingmatrialandfordtctingththrmalffctsinducdatthhatdlocationinthspcimn(sEN150422[18]).Thrmalradiationsourcs(.g.lasrsourcs,lightmittingdiods,incandscntlightsourcs)armainlyusdasthxcitationsystmforpaintcoatings.Thfollowingdtctionmthodsarusd:⎯dtctionofthrmittdthrmalradiation(photothrmalradiomtry);⎯dtctionofthchanginrfractiindx(inthhatdairabothmasurmntara);⎯pyrolctricdtction(hatflowmasurmnt).4.4.4.1.2RfrncstandardsRfrncspcimnswithdiffrntabsorptionproprtisandarangoffilmthicknsssarrquirdforcalibrationpurposs(sEN150422[18]).4.4.4.2CalibrationCalibratthmasurmntsystmwiththrfrncspcimns(s4.4.4.1.2)forachfilmsubstratcombination(inparticularforachcoatingmatrial).4.4.4.3ProcdurOpratthapparatusandmasurthfilmthicknssinaccordancwiththmanufacturr'sinstructions.5Dtrminationofdryfilmthicknss5.1GnralAnnxAgisanoriwofthmthodsusdfordtrminationofdryfilmthicknss.5.2Mchanicalmthods5.2.1PrinciplAmicromtrordialgaug(mthod4A,s5.2.4)isusdtomasurthfilmthicknssasthdiffrncbtwnthtotalthicknss(substrat+film)andthsubstratthicknss.ISO2808:2007(E)10©ISO2007–AllrightsrsrdThrartwowaysofdtrminingthfilmthicknss:a)Masurmntsarmadbforandaftrcoatingrmoal(dstructi)Thtotalthicknssisfirstmasurdinadfindmasurmntaraandthn,aftrthcoatinghasbnrmodinthmasurmntara,thsubstratthicknssismasurd.b)Masurmntsarmadbforandaftrcoatingapplication(nondstructi)Thsubstratthicknssisfirstmasurdandthnthtotalthicknssismasurdinthsammasurmntaraaftrcoating.Thfilmthicknssiscalculatdfromthdiffrncbtwnthtworadings.Adpthgaug(mthod4B,s5.2.5)oraprofilomtr(mthod4C,s5.2.6)nablthfilmthicknsstobdtrminddirctlyasthdiffrncinhightbtwnthsurfacofthfilmandthsurfacofthxposdsubstrat.NOTEOnlyth“coatingrmoal”ariantispossiblwithadpthgaugorprofilomtr(mthods4Band4C).5.2.2FildofapplicationThmchanicalprinciplisbasicallysuitablforallfilmsubstratcombinations.Whrmchanicalgaugingisusd,thsubstratandcoatingshallbhardnoughtoprntthradingfrombingfalsifidasarsultofthmasuringtipcratinganindntation.Thmicromtrordialgaug(mthod4A)isalsosuitablformasuringthfilmthicknssofcylindricalspcimnsofcircularcrosssction(.g.wirs,pips).Thprofilomtr(mthod4C)isrcognizdasthrfrmthodinthntofdisputs.5.2.3GnralInth“coatingapplication”ariant,atmplatwithlablldholsisusdtonsurthatthdtrminationofthsubstratthicknssandtotalthicknssiscarridoutatxactlythsampoints.NOTE1Th“coatingapplication”ariantisprfrrdinthcasofplasticsubstratssincinmostcassthsubstratcannotbxposdwithoutcausingdamag.Inth“coatingrmoal”ariant,thmasurmntarasshallbcircldandlablld.Thcoatingshallbcarfullyandcompltlyrmodinthmasurmntaraswithoutdamagingthsubstratmchanicallyorchmically.Thsubstratmaybpartlymaskdusingadhsitapbforcoatinginordrtoobtainwlldfindstpsfromonlayrtothnxt.Inthcasofthdpthgaugandprofilomtr(mthods4Band4C),thcoatingwhichisnotrmodinthrgionofthmasurmntarashallrmainundamagd.Inthcasofthprofilomtr(mthod4C),thshouldrbtwnthsubstratandthfilmsurfacshallbsufficintlywlldfind.Withhards