医学英语词汇--骨科

医学英语词汇--骨科 Skeletal System 1.burs/o 囊/粘液囊 （the combining form for bursa.） 滑液囊炎：bursitis 2.Cost/o 肋骨 （the combining form for ribs） 3.Oste/o 骨 （the combining form for bone，此外ost/o , oss/i , oss/e也代表骨头) 4.Myel/o 骨髓 （the combining form for bone marrow myel/o也指spinal cord脊髓) 5.Spondyl/o 脊椎/脊柱 the combining form for the spine or the vertebrae composing the spinal column 6.Arthr/o关节 （the combining form for joint） 7.Chondr/o 软骨 （the combining form for cartilage） (Cartilage is something that protects the ends of bone and provides a smooth surface for joint motion. ) 8.Synovi/o滑液关节(synovial joint) 9.Ankyl/o (如ankylosis 关节强硬/强直) (abnormal condition of a stiffening of a joint to the point that is basically cannot move.) 骨骼系统中常见suffixes 我们知道，suffixes常常与病理学或过程有关： 1.-desis = surgical fixation 固定术、融合术 2.-lysis = surgical loosening 松解 3.-clasis = surgical breaking 破坏、折断 骨骼系统中的词汇 1.Diaphysis = the long shaft of a long bone 骨干 2.Epiphysis = the ends of a long bone 骨骺 3.Process = a normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment point for muscles and tendons 凸起、突起 4.Periosteum = the fibrous out-er covering of the bone 骨膜 5.Compact bone = dense/hard outer tissue of a bone 密质骨(密质骨在骨膜之下) 6.Medullary cavity = (which is surrounded by the compact bone) 髓腔 7.Yellow bone marrow = within the medullary cavity and it functions as a fat storage area 黄骨髓 8.Spongy bone = lighter bone t-issue in the ends of a long bone 松质骨 9.Red bone marrow = inside the spongy bone and creates blood cells 红骨髓 10.Hemopoietic = creates blood or blood cells 造血的 11.Radius = the smaller and shorter bone in the forearm/ connects to the carpals(wrist) on the thumb side 桡骨 12.Ulna = larger and longer bone in the forearm/ connects to the humerus on the elbow side and t-he carpalson the pinky side 尺骨 Pathologies 1.ankylosis vs. arthrosclerosis ①Ankylosis/ˌæŋkə'losɪs/ is the ab-normal stiffening and loss of mobility in the joint. ankylosis = there is no mobility in the joint / it is a fusion（融合/胶着） of the joint →关节强硬/强直（关节不能动） ②Arthrosclerosis/ˌɑ:θrɔskliə'rəusis/ is the hardening of a joint, usually associated with normal aging. hardening→stiff→not move real easy but it moves →关节硬化（关节可以动只是不易动） 2.spondylosis vs. ankylosing spon-dylitis vs. spondylolisthesis ①Spondylosis is any abnormal condition of the spinal column. (/ˌspɑndlˈosɪs/ ) Spondylosis = spondyl/o + -osis Spondyl/o = spine -osis=abnormal condition →脊椎关节强硬 ②Ankylosing spondylitis is a stiffening of the spine. (/ˌspɑndɪ'laɪtɪs/ ) due to an inflammation and fusing of the vertebra. Spondylitis = spondyl/o + -itis Spondyl/o = spine itis=inflammation This inflammation of the spine is severe enough that it is causing ankylosis ,there is a fusing of the vertebra so they can not move. That’s ankylosing spondylitis. →强直性脊柱炎 ③Spondylolisthesis /ˌspɑndlolɪsˈθisɪs/ Spondylolisthesis = spondyl/o + -list-hesis, Spondyl/o = spine -listhesis是一个新后缀，refers to a slipping forward.前移 Spondylolisthesis is a slipping forward of one of the lumber vertebra on top of the one below it. →脊椎前移（椎间滑脱） 3.osteoporosis vs. osteopenia ①Osteoporosis is a loss of bone density and an increase in the porosity of bone that is associated with aging. (/ˌɑstɪopə'rosɪs/ ) →骨质疏松症（多发于老年人） 延伸： 骨质疏松症会带来如下问题： A.Compression fracture A Compression fracture is a fracture that occurs when bone is pressed together. And it also is used to refer to the spontaneous collapse of vertebra due to osteoporosis. →受压骨折/压缩性骨折 注意：Compression fracture与stress fracture不同，stress fracture is usually caused by some extreme form of activity. B. Colle’s fracture This is an unfortunate thing that can happen to older people. They might t-ake a fall. They reach their arm out to try to break their fall and because of weakening of the bones, a wrist will just snap. →科利斯骨折/桡骨远端骨折 C. Osteoporotic hip fracture It is a hip fracture that happens on fa-lling. And it happens because of the presence of osteoporosis. →髋部骨质疏松性骨折 ②Osteopenia/ˌɒstɪəʊ'piːnɪə/ refers to thinner than average bone density in a young person. It is like preosteoporosis. →骨质减少（多发于青年人） 4.kyphosis vs. lordosis vs. scoliosis 最后一组词汇与spinal curvatures（脊柱弯曲）相关 ①Kyphosis is also know-n as a hump back. The thoracic vertebra are bowing backward and outward. So if the vertebra are curving b-ackwards creating a hump that is called kyphosis. (/kaɪ'fosɪs/ ) →驼背/脊柱后凸 ②Lordosis, also known as swayback, is when the lumbar vertebra, t-hat is the vertebra in the lower back, curve inward or forward anteriorly, which then causes the head or upper body to lean backwards. →脊柱前弯症 ③Scoliosis is the sideways curvature of the spine. This is commonly occurs in adolescents about the time they hit their growth spurt. (/ˌskolɪ'osɪs/ ) →脊柱侧凸/弯