英语语言学教程 胡壮麟 术语大集合

精心整理精心整理精心整理胡壮麟《语言学教程》术语表作者：?宋联最近学习英语语言学才发现术语乃是影响读书速度的一个重要因素，所以我在读的过程中整理了一些术语，希望对学习英语语言学的人能够有所帮助。?第一章phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology 词汇 英语3500词汇语境记忆pets3考试词汇二年级反义词和近义词初中词汇词汇大全考研英语二高频词汇表 学generallinguistics普通语言学theoreticallinguistics理论语言学historicallinguistics历史语言学descriptivelinguistics描写语言学empiricallinguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntacticcategories句法范畴syntacticclasses句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构opensyllable开音节closedsyllable闭音节checkedsyllable成阻音节rank等级level层次ding-dongtheory/nativistictheory本能论sing-songtheory唱歌说yo-he-hotheory劳动喊声说pooh-poohtheory感叹说ta-tatheory模仿说animalcrytheory/bow-wowtheory模声说Pragueschool布拉格学派Bilateralopposition双边对立Mutilateralopposition多边对立Proportionalopposition部分对立Isolatedopposition孤立对立Privateopposition表缺对立Gradedopposition渐次对立Equipollentopposition均等对立Neutralizableopposition可中立对立Constantopposition恒定对立Systemic-functionalgrammar系统功能语法Meaningpotential意义潜势Conversationalimplicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speechacts言语行为Discourseanalysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phaticcommunion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Appliedlinguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学第二章trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocalcords声带vocaltract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonicairstreammechanism肺气流机制glottalicairstreammechanism喉气流机制velaricairstreammechanism腭气流机制Adam’sapple喉结Voicelesssound清音Voicelessconsonant请辅音Voicedsound浊音Voicedconsonant浊辅音Glottalstop喉塞音Breathstate呼吸状态Voicestate带音状态Whisperstate耳语状态Closedstate封闭状态Alveolarride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalisedstop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmentalphonology音段音系学Segmentalphonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段Non-segmental非音段Plurisegmental复音段Syntheticlanguage综合型语言Diacriticmark附加符号Broadtranscription宽式标音Narrowtranscription窄式标音Orthoepy正音法Orthography正字法Etymology词源Activearticulator积极发音器官Movablespeechorgan能动发音器官Passivearticulator消极发音器官Immovablespeechorgan不能动发音器官Lateral边音Approximant[j,w]无摩擦延续音Resonant共鸣音Centralapproximant中央无摩擦延续音Lateralapproximant边无摩擦延续音Unilateralconsonant单边辅音Bilateralconsonant双边辅音Non-lateral非边音Trill[r]颤音trilledconsonant颤辅音rolledconsonant滚辅音Labal-velar唇化软腭音Interdental齿间音Post-dental后齿音Apico-alveolar舌尖齿龈音Dorso-alveolar舌背齿龈音Palato-alveolar后齿龈音Palato-alveolar腭齿龈音Dorso-palatal舌背腭音Pre-palatal前腭音Post-palatal后腭音Velarization软腭音化Voicing浊音化Devoicing清音化Purevowel纯元音Diphthong二合元音Triphthong三合元音Diphthongization二合元音化Monophthongization单元音化Centringdiphthong央二合元音Closingdiphthong闭二合元音Narrowdiphthong窄二合元音Widediphthong宽二合元音Phoneticsimilarity语音相似性Freevariant自由变体Freevariation自由变异Contiguousassimilation临近同化Juxtapostionalassimilation邻接同化Regressiveassimilation逆同化Anticipatoryassimilation先行同化Progressiveassimilation顺同化Reciprocalassimilation互相同化Coalescentassimilation融 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化Partialassimilation部分同化Epenthesis插音Primarystress主重音Secondarystress次重音Weakstress弱重音Stressgroup重音群Sentencestress句子重音Contrastivestress对比重音Lexicalstress词汇重音Wordstress词重音Lexicaltone词汇声调Nucleartone核心声调Tonetics声调学Intonationcontour语调升降曲线Toneunits声调单位Intonology语调学Multilevelphonology多层次音系学Monosyllabicword多音节词Polysyllabicword单音节次Maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅音原则第三章?词汇liaison连音contractedform缩写形式frequencycount词频统计aunitofvocabulary词汇单位alexicalitem词条alexeme词位hierarchy层次性lexicogrammar词汇语法morpheme语素nonomorphemicwords单语素词polymorphemicwords多语素词relativeuninterruptibility相对连续性aminimumfreeform最小自由形式themaximumfreeform最大自由形式variablewords可变词invariablewords不变词paradigm聚合体grammaticalwords(functionwords)语法词/功能词lexicalwords(contentwords)词汇词/实义词closed-classwords封闭类词opened-classwords开放类词wordclass词类particles小品词pro-form代词形式pro-adjective(so)代形容词pro-verb(do/did)代副词pro-adverb(so)代动词pro-locative(there)代处所词/代方位词determiners限定词predeterminers前置限定词centraldeterminers中置限定词postdeterminers后置限定词ordinalnumber序数词cardinalnumber基数词morpheme词素morphology形态学freemorpheme自由词素boundmorpheme黏着词素root词根affix词缀stem词干rootmorpheme词根语素prefix前缀infix中缀suffix后缀boundrootmorpheme黏着词根词素inflectionalaffix屈折词缀derivationalaffix派生词缀inflectionalmorphemes屈折语素derivationalmorphemes派生语素word-formation构词compound复合词endocentriccompound向心复合词exocentriccompound离心复合词nominalendocentriccompound名词性向心复合词adjectiveendocentriccompound形容词性向心复合词verbalcompound动词性复合词syntheticcompound综合性复合词derivation派生词morpheme语素phoneme音位morphonology形态语音学morphophomemics形态音位学morphemicstructure语素结构phonologicalstructure音素结构monosyllabic单音节polysyllabic多音节phonologicalconditioned音位的限制morphologicalconditioned形态的限制coinage/invention新创词语blending混成法abbreviation缩写法acronym首字母缩写法back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法analogicalcreation类比构词法borrowing借词法loanword借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loantranslation翻译借词loss脱落addition添加metathesis换位assimilation同化contactassimilation接触性同化contiguousassimilation临近性同化theoryofleasteffort省力理论non-contiguousassimilation非临近性同化distantassimilation远距离同化morpho-syntacticchange形态-句法变化morphologicalchange形态变化syntacticalchange句法变化finiteelement有定成分semanticchange语义变化multisemous多种意义broadening词义扩大narrowing词义缩小meaningshift词义转移classshift词性变换folketymology俗词源orthographicchange拼写的变化conversion变换/变码domain范围/领域meaningshift意义转移splitinfinitives分裂不定式(Shewastoldtoregularlyclasses)calque仿造词语clipping截断法metanalysis再分化finiteness定式proximate(this)近指代词obviative(that)远指代词non-productivity/unproductive非多产性semiotics符号学paradigmaticrelations聚合关系associativerelations联想关系syntagmaticrelations组合关系sequentialrelations序列关系logogram语标register语域passivevocabulary消极词汇lexis/vocabulary词汇表第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系thegovernor支配者thegoverned被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmaticrelationship组合关系paradigmaticrelationship聚合关系associativerelationship联想关系animatenoun有生名词thetwoaxes两根坐标坐标轴immediateconstituentanalysis(ICanalysisforshort)直接成分分析法linearstructure线性结构hierarchicalstructure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeledtreediagram标签树形图endocentric/headedconstruction向心结构/中心结构exocentricconstruction离心结构subordinateconstruction主从结构coordinateconstruction并列结构recapitulation再现thedeclarative陈述句theinterrogative疑问句dativemovement与格移位morph-phonemicrule形态音位规则constituentmorphemes成分规则affixhopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporalsubject表时间的主语syntacticlimitation句法限制standardtheory 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 理论tracetheory语迹理论thesameindex带同 标志 禁止坐卧标志下载饮用水保护区标志下载桥隧标志图下载上坡路安全标志下载地理标志专用标志下载 government管辖binding约束arulesystem规则系统aprinciplesystem原则系统constituentcommand(C-commandforshort)成分统制plainEnglish普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(eachother)相互代词accessiblesubject可及主语localdomain局部语域bindingdomain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computationalsystem)计算系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位emptysubject空主语objectiveorder客观顺序subjectiveorder主观顺序actualsentencedivision实义句子切分法functionalsentenceperspective功能句子观communicativedynamism(CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartiteclassification三分法representativefunction表达功能expressivefunction表情功能appellative/vocativefunction称呼功能conativefunction意欲功能poeticfunction诗学功能ideationalfunction概念功能interpersonalfunction人际功能textualfunction语篇功能transitivity及物性actor动作者moodsystem语气系统thefiniteverbaloperator限定部分residue剩余部分indicative直陈语气imperative祈使语气mental-process(aprocessofsensing)心理过程（感觉过程）relationalprocess(aprocessofbeing)关系过程（属性过程）verbalprocess(aprocessofsaying)言语过程（讲话过程）existentialprocess生存过程第四章?句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系thegovernor支配者thegoverned被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmaticrelationship组合关系paradigmaticrelationship聚合关系associativerelationship联想关系animatenoun有生名词thetwoaxes两根坐标坐标轴immediateconstituentanalysis(ICanalysisforshort)直接成分分析法linearstructure线性结构hierarchicalstructure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeledtreediagram标签树形图endocentric/headedconstruction向心结构/中心结构exocentricconstruction离心结构subordinateconstruction主从结构coordinateconstruction并列结构recapitulation再现thedeclarative陈述句theinterrogative疑问句dativemovement与格移位morph-phonemicrule形态音位规则constituentmorphemes成分规则affixhopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporalsubject表时间的主语syntacticlimitation句法限制standardtheory标准理论tracetheory语迹理论thesameindex带同标志government管辖binding约束arulesystem规则系统aprinciplesystem原则系统constituentcommand(C-commandforshort)成分统制plainEnglish普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(eachother)相互代词accessiblesubject可及主语localdomain局部语域bindingdomain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computationalsystem)计算系统=derivationalprocedure推导系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位emptysubject空主语objectiveorder客观顺序subjectiveorder主观顺序actualsentencedivision实义句子切分法functionalsentenceperspective功能句子观communicativedynamism(CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartiteclassification三分法representativefunction表达功能expressivefunction表情功能appellative/vocativefunction称呼功能conativefunction意欲功能poeticfunction诗学功能ideationalfunction概念功能interpersonalfunction人际功能textualfunction语篇功能transitivity及物性actor动作者moodsystem语气系统thefiniteverbaloperator限定部分residue剩余部分indicative直陈语气imperative祈使语气mental-process(aprocessofsensing)心理过程（感觉过程）relationalprocess(aprocessofbeing)关系过程（属性过程）verbalprocess(aprocessofsaying)言语过程（讲话过程）existentialprocess生存过程empiricism经验主义（洛克，白板说）rationalism理性主义（笛卡尔）mentalism心灵主义newempiricism新经验主义(Bloomfield)priori先天综合判断（康德Kant）Cartesianlinguistics笛卡尔语言学派Syntacticstructure(SS)早期转换句法时期Standardtheory(ST)标准理论时期ExtendedStandardtheory(EST)扩展的标准理论RevisedStandardtheory(REST)扩展的休正标准理论Thetheoryofgovernmentandbinding(GBtheory)管辖和约束理论时期（管约论）Minimalistprogram(MP)最简 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时期Structuraldescription结构描写式Performancesystem应用系统Modulartheory模块理论Spell-out拼写Languagefaculty语言机制/官能Mentalorgan心智器官Knowledgeoflanguage语言知识Meaningpotential意义潜势Contextculture文化语境Field语场Tenor语旨Mode语式pivotwords轴心词mentalconstruct心理构念theoreticalcognitivepsychology理论认知心理学psychologicalfaculty心理官能autosyn/autogram/autoknow语法自主(arbitrariness任意性,systemacity系统性,self-containedness自足性)typologicalfunctionalism类型学功能主义extremefunctionalism极端的功能主义externalfunctionalism外部功能主义integrativefunctionalism一体化功能注主义exceptionalcasemarking例外格标记specifier标定成分fall-categorymaximalprojection全语类的最大投射two-segmentcategory两节语类complementdomain补足语区域minimaldomain最小区域internaldomain内部区域checkingdomain检验区域sisterhood姐妹关系minimizingchainlink最小语链联结representationalsystem表达系统strictcyclicprinciple严格的层级条件structure-preservingprinciple结构保存原则C-commandingcondition成分统领条件articulatory-perceptualsystem发音-听音系统conceptual-intentionalsystem概念-意旨系统interfaceconditions中介条件full-interpretation完全解释原则procrastination逻辑形式操作优先原则greed句法操作自利原则theshortestlinkageprinciple最短联接原则theshortestmovementprinciple最短移位原则primarycomplement/modifier(referentialNP)一级补语位/修饰语位(定指名词短语)secondarycomplement(non-referentialNP)二级补语位(非定指名词短语)emptycategoryprinciple空范畴原则aspectchecking特征验证aspectfeature基本体貌特征ASPPisfunctionalprojection.ASPP是功能投射.crossingbranch交叉分支acrosstheboardextraction抽取跨界移动principles-and-parametersframework原则与参数语法headparameter中心语参数logicalform(LF)逻辑形式phoneticform(PF)语音形式spell-out拼读phonologicalcomponent音韵部分overtcomponent显性部分covertcomponent隐性部分corecomputation核心运算asymmetricc-command不对称成分统制linearcorrespondenceaxiom线形对应定理adjunction加接determiner限定词concatenate联结linearization线性化functionalparameterizationhypothesis功能参数设定假设right-branching右向分支X’(V,N,A,P)词项X’’=XP=Xmax是X的二阶投射结构Y’’=指示语specifierZ’’=补述语complementIP=屈折短语inflectionphraseXP=generalphrasestructureCHL人类语言的运算系统=computationalsystemforhumanlanguageLCA线性对应定理=linearcorrespondenceaxiomXmin=X0=最小投射精心整理精心整理精心整理