Tel_Aviv (1)

TelAviv-Yafo(Hebrew)תלאביב-יפו(Arabic)تلأَبيب-يافاCityFromupperleft:SkylineofTelAviv,AzrieliSaronaTower,JaffaClockTower,RabinSquare,TelAvivPromenade,panoramaofthecityfromtheYitzhakRabinCenterFlagCoatofarmsNickname(s):'TheWhiteCity''Non-StopCity''TheBubble''TLV''TheBigOrange'TelAvivTelAviv(Hebrew:ֵּתלָאִביב-ָיפ,[telaˈvivˈjafo],Arabic:تلأَبيب-يافا)isthesecondmostpopulouscityinIsrael(afterJerusalem)andthemostpopulouscityintheconurbationofGushDan,Israel'slargestmetropolitanarea.Locatedonthecountry'sMediterraneancoastlineandwithapopulationof438,818,itisthecultural,financial,andcommercialcapitalofthecountry.SiliconWadiisanothernameforGushDan,incomparisontoSiliconValleyintheU.S.stateofCalifornia.TelAvivisgovernedbytheTelAviv-YafoMunicipality,headedbyRonHuldai,andishometomanyforeignembassies.[6]Itisaglobalcityandisranked34thintheGlobalFinancialCentresIndex.[7]TelAvivhasthethird-largesteconomyintheMiddleEastafterAbuDhabiandKuwaitCity.[8]Thecityhasthe31sthighestcostoflivingintheworld.[9]TelAvivreceivesover2.5millioninternationalvisitorsannually.[10][11]A"partycapital"intheMiddleEast,ithasalivelynightlifeand24-hourculture.[12][13]Thecitywasfoundedin1909byJewsontheoutskirtsoftheancientportcityofJaffa(Hebrew:ָיפYafo).ItsnamemeansSpringHill,thoughthehillwasmostlysand.Themoderncity'sfirstneighborhoodshadalreadybeenestablishedin1886,thefirstofwhichwasNeveTzedek.[14]ImmigrationbymostlyJewishrefugeesmeantthatthegrowthofTelAvivsoonoutpacedthatofJaffa,whichhadamajorityArabpopulationatthetime.[15]TelAvivandJaffawerelatermergedintoasinglemunicipalityin1950,twoyearsaftertheestablishmentoftheStateofIsrael.TelAviv'sWhiteCity,designatedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2003,comprisestheworld'slargestconcentrationofInternationalStylebuildings(Bauhausandotherrelatedmodernistarchitecturalstyles).[16][17]EtymologyandoriginsHistoryPre-TelAvivneighborhoodsNorthofJafaOttomaneraUndertheBritishMandateAfterIsraeliindependenceArab–IsraeliconflictGeographyClimateLocalgovernmentListofMayorsofTelAvivMandatoryPalestine(1920–1948)StateofIsrael(1948–present)CitycouncilEducationDemographicsReligionNeighborhoodsCityscapeArchitectureBauhausHigh-riseconstructionandtowersEconomyCultureandcontemporarylifeEntertainmentandperformingartsTourismandrecreationNightlifeFashionLGBTcultureCuisineMuseumsSportsMediaEnvironmentandurbanrestorationCoordinates:32°4′N34°47′EContentsLocationofTelAviv-YafoinIsrael.Coordinates:32°4′N34°47′ECountryIsraelDistrictTelAvivMetropolitanAreaGushDanFoundedApril11,1909Government•TypeMayor-council•BodyTelAviv-YafoMunicipality•MayorRonHuldaiArea•City52km2(20sqmi)•Urban176km2(68sqmi)•Metro1,516km2(585sqmi)Elevation5m(16ft)Population(2016)[1]•City438,818•Rank2ndinIsrael•Density8,468.7/km2(21,934/sqmi)•Densityrank12thinIsrael•Urban1,388,400•Urbandensity8,057.7/km2(20,869/sqmi)•Metro3,854,000•Metrodensity2,286/km2(5,920/sqmi)Demonym(s)TelAvivian[2][3][4]TimezoneIST(UTC+2)•Summer(DST)IDT(UTC+3)Postalcode61XXXXXAreacode+972-3ISO3166codeIL-TAGDPUS$153.3billion[5]GDPpercapitaUS$42,614[5]Websitetel-aviv.gov.ilUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteTransportationBusandtaxiRailRoadsAirLightrailSkyTranCyclingTwintownsandsistercitiesFuturePeopleborninTelAvivReferencesBibliographyExternallinksTelAvivistheHebrewtitleofTheodorHerzl'sAltneuland("OldNewLand"),translatedfromGermanbyNahumSokolow.SokolowhadadoptedthenameofaMesopotamiansitenearthecityofBabylonmentionedinEzekiel:"ThenIcametothemofthecaptivityatTelAviv,thatlivedbytheriverChebar,andtowheretheylived;andIsatthereoverwhelmedamongthemsevendays."[18]Thenamewaschosenin1910fromseveralsuggestions,including"Herzliya".ItwasfoundfittingasitembracedtheideaofarenaissanceintheancientJewishhomeland.AvivisHebrewfor"spring",symbolizingrenewal,andtelisaman-mademoundaccumulatinglayersofcivilizationbuiltoneovertheotherandsymbolizingtheancient.Althoughfoundedin1909asasmallsettlementonthesanddunesNorthofJaffa,TelAvivwasenvisagedasafuturecityfromthestart.ItsfoundershopedthatincontrasttowhattheyperceivedasthesqualidandunsanitaryconditionsofneighbouringArabtowns,TelAvivwastobeacleanandmoderncity,inspiredbytheEuropeancitiesofWarsawandOdessa.[19]Themarketingpamphletsadvocatingforitsestablishmentin1906,wrote:[19]Inthiscitywewillbuildthestreetssotheyhaveroadsandsidewalksandelectriclights.EveryhousewillhavewaterfromwellsthatwillflowthroughpipesasineverymodernEuropeancity,andalsoseweragepipeswillbeinstalledforthehealthofthecityanditsresidents.—AkivaAriehWeiss,1906Since1886,JewishsettlershadfoundednewneighborhoodsoutsideJaffaonthecurrentterritoryofTelAviv.ThefirstwasNeveTzedek,builtonlandsownedbyAharonCheloucheandinhabitedprimarilybyMizrahiJews.[14]OtherneighborhoodswereNeveShalom(1890),YafaNof(1896),Achva(1899),OhelMoshe(1904),KeremHaTeimanim(1906),andothers.OnceTelAvivreceivedcitystatusinthe1920s,thoseneighborhoodsjoinedthenewlyformedmunicipality,nowbecomingseparatedfromJafa.TheSecondAliyahledtofurtherexpansion.In1906,agroupofJews,amongthemresidentsofJaffa,followedtheinitiativeofAkivaAryehWeissandbandedtogethertoformtheAhuzatBayit(lit."homestead")society.Thesociety'sgoalwastoforma"Hebrewurbancentreinahealthyenvironment,plannedaccordingtotherulesofaestheticsandmodernhygiene."[21]TheurbanplanningforthenewcitywasinfluencedbytheGardencitymovement.[22]Thefirst60plotswerepurchasedinKeremDjebaliTelAviv-YafoEtymologyandoriginsTelAviv,foundedin1909,isnamedafterTheodorHerzl's1902novel,Altneuland,meaning"OldNewLand".HistoryPre-TelAvivneighborhoodsNorthofJaffaOttomaneraOfficialnameWhiteCityofTelAvivTypeCulturalCriteriaii,ivDesignated2003Referenceno.[2]StatePartyIsraelRegionIsraelnearJaffabyJacobusKann,aDutchcitizen,whoregisteredtheminhisnametocircumventtheTurkishprohibitiononJewishlandacquisition.[23]MeirDizengoff,laterTelAviv'sfirstmayor,alsojoinedtheAhuzatBayitsociety.[24][25]HisvisionforTelAvivinvolvedpeacefulco-existencewithArabs.[26]On11April1909,66Jewishfamiliesgatheredonadesolatesanddunetoparceloutthelandbylotteryusingseashells.ThisgatheringisconsideredtheofficialdateoftheestablishmentofTelAviv.ThelotterywasorganisedbyAkivaAryehWeiss,presidentofthebuildingsociety.[27][28]Weisscollected120seashellsonthebeach,halfofthemwhiteandhalfofthemgrey.Themembers'nameswerewrittenonthewhiteshellsandtheplotnumbersonthegreyshells.Aboydrewnamesfromoneboxofshellsandagirldrewplotnumbersfromthesecondbox.Aphotographer,AvrahamSoskin,documentedtheevent.Thefirstwaterwellwaslaterdugatthissite(todayRothschildBoulevard,acrossfromDizengoffHouse).[29]Withinayear,Herzl,AhadHa'am,YehudaHalevi,Lilienblum,andRothschildstreetswerebuilt;awatersystemwasinstalled;and66houses(includingsomeonsixsubdividedplots)werecompleted.[22]AttheendofHerzlStreet,aplotwasallocatedforanewbuildingfortheHerzliyaHebrewHighSchool,foundedinJaffain1906.[22]On21May1910,thenameTelAvivwasadopted.[22]TheflagandcityarmsofTelAviv(seeabove)containundertheredStarofDavid2wordsfromthebiblicalbookofJeremiah:"I(God)willbuildYouupagainandyouwillberebuilt."(Jer31:4)TelAvivwasplannedasanindependentHebrewcitywithwidestreetsandboulevards,runningwaterateachhouse,andstreetlights.[30]By1914,TelAvivhadgrowntomorethan1squarekilometre(247acres).[22]However,growthhaltedin1917whentheOttomanauthoritiesexpelledtheresidentsofJaffaandTelAviv.[22]AreportpublishedinTheNewYorkTimesbyUnitedStatesConsulGarrelsinAlexandria,EgyptdescribedtheJaffadeportationofearlyApril1917.TheordersofevacuationwereaimedchieflyattheJewishpopulation.[31]JewswerefreetoreturntotheirhomesinTelAvivattheendofthefollowingyearwhen,withtheendofWorldWarIandthedefeatoftheOttomans,theBritishtookcontrolofPalestine.Thetownhadrapidlybecomeanattractiontoimmigrants,withalocalactivistwriting:[32]TheimmigrantswereattractedtoTelAvivbecausetheyfoundinitallthecomfortstheywereusedtoinEurope:electriclight,water,alittlecleanliness,cinema,opera,theatre,andalsomoreorlessadvancedschools...busystreets,fullrestaurants,cafesopenuntil2a.m.,singing,music,anddancing.TelAviv,establishedassuburbofJaffa,receivedtownshiporlocalcouncilstatusin1921,andcitystatusin1934.[33][34]Accordingtoacensusconductedin1922bytheBritishMandateauthorities,TelAvivhadapopulationof15,185inhabitants,consistingof15,065Jews,78Muslimsand42Christians.[35]Increasinginthe1931censusto46,101,in12,545houses.[36]WithincreasingJewishimmigrationduringtheBritishadministration,frictionbetweenArabsandJewsinPalestineincreased.On1May1921,theJaffaRiotsresultedinthedeathsof48Arabsand47Jewsandinjuriesto146Jewsand73Arabs.[37]Inthewakeofthisviolence,manyJewsleftJaffaforTelAviv,increasingthepopulationofTelAvivfrom2,000in1920toaround34,000by1925.[16][38]TelAvivbegantodevelopasacommercialcenter.[39]In1923,TelAvivwasthefirsttowntobewiredtoelectricityinPalestine,followedbyJaffalaterinthesameyear.TheopeningceremonyoftheJafaElectricCompanypowerhouse,on10June1923,celebratedthelightingofthetwomainstreetsofTelAviv.[40]In1925,theScottishbiologist,sociologist,philanthropistandpioneeringtownplannerPatrickGeddesdrewupamasterplanforTelAvivwhichwasadoptedbythecitycouncilledbyMeirDizengoff.Geddes'splanfordevelopingthenorthernpartofthedistrictwasbasedonEbenezerHoward'sgardencitymovement.[41]Theplanconsistedoffourmainfeatures:ahierarchicalsystemofstreetslaidoutinagrid,largeblocksconsistingofsmall-scaledomesticdwellings,theorganizationoftheseblocksaroundcentralopenspaces,andtheconcentrationofculturalinstitutionstoformaciviccenter.[42]WhilemostofthenorthernareaofTelAvivwasbuiltaccordingtothisplan,theinfluxofEuropeanrefugeesinthe1930snecessitatedtheconstructionoftallerapartmentbuildingsonalargerfootprintinthecity.[43]BenGurionHousewasbuiltin1930–31,partofanewworkers'housingdevelopment.Atthesametime,JewishculturallifewasgivenaboostbytheestablishmentoftheOhelTheatreandthedecisionofHabimaTheatretomakeTelAvivitspermanentbasein1931.[22]TheancientportofJaffa—where,accordingtotheBible,JonahsetsailintotheMediterraneanSeabeforebeingswallowedbyafish[20]BuilderinTelAviv,1920sTelAvivin1913Sarona,TelAvivUndertheBritishMandateRothschildBoulevard,circa1930TelAvivwasgrantedmunicipalstatusin1934.[22]TheJewishpopulationrosedramaticallyduringtheFifthAliyahaftertheNaziscametopowerinGermany.[22]By1937theJewishpopulationofTelAvivhadrisento150,000,comparedtoJaffa'smainlyArab69,000residents.Withintwoyears,ithadreached160,000,whichwasoverathirdofPalestine'stotalJewishpopulation.[22]ManynewJewishimmigrantstoPalestinedisembarkedinJaffa,andremainedinTelAviv,turningthecityintoacenterofurbanlife.Frictionduringthe1936–39ArabrevoltledtotheopeningofalocalJewishport,TelAvivPort,independentofJaffa,in1938.Itclosedon25October1965.LyddaAirport(laterBenGurionAirport)andSdeDovAirportopenedbetween1937and1938.[26]ManyGermanJewisharchitectstrainedattheBauhaus,theModernistschoolofarchitectureinGermany,andleftGermanyduringthe1930s.Some,likeAriehSharon,cametoPalestineandadaptedthearchitecturaloutlookoftheBauhausandsimilarschoolstothelocalconditionsthere,creatingwhatisrecognizedasthelargestconcentrationofbuildingsintheInternationalStyleintheworld.[16][26]TelAviv'sWhiteCityemergedinthe1930s,andbecameaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2003.[44]TelAvivwashitduringtheItalianBombingofPalestineinWorldWarII.On9September1940,137werekilledinthebombingofTelAviv.[45]Accordingtothe1947UNPartitionPlanfordividingPalestineintoJewishandArabstates,TelAviv,bythenacityof230,000,wastobeincludedintheproposedJewishstate.Jaffawith,asof1945,apopulationof101,580people—53,930Muslims,30,820Jewsand16,800Christians—wasdesignatedaspartoftheArabstate.CivilWarbrokeoutinthecountryandinparticularbetweentheneighbouringcitiesofTelAvivandJaffa,whichhadbeenassignedtotheJewishandArabstatesrespectively.Afterseveralmonthsofsiege,on13May1948,JaffafellandtheArabpopulationfledenmasse.WhenIsraeldeclaredIndependenceon14May1948,thepopulationofTelAvivwasover200,000.[46]TelAvivwasthetemporarygovernmentcenteroftheStateofIsraeluntilthegovernmentmovedtoJerusaleminDecember1949.DuetotheinternationaldisputeoverthestatusofJerusalem,mostembassiesremainedinornearTelAviv.[47]Intheearly1980s,13embassiesinJerusalemmovedtoTelAvivaspartoftheUN'smeasuresrespondingtoIsrael's1980JerusalemLaw.[48]Today,allnationalembassiesareinTelAvivorenvirons.[49]TheboundariesofTelAvivandJaffabecameamatterofcontentionbetweentheTelAvivmunicipalityandtheIsraeligovernmentin1948.[50]TheformerwishedtoincorporateonlythenorthernJewishsuburbsofJaffa,whilethelatterwantedamorecompleteunification.[50]Theissuealsohadinternationalsensitivity,sincethemainpartofJaffawasintheArabportionoftheUnitedNationsPartitionPlan,whereasTelAvivwasnot,andnoarmisticeagreementshadyetbeensigned.[50]On10December1948,thegovernmentannouncedtheannexationtoTelAvivofJaffa'sJewishsuburbs,thePalestinianneighborhoodofAbuKabir,thePalestinianvillageofSalamaandsomeofitsagriculturalland,andtheJewish'Hatikva'slum.[50]On25February1949,thedepopulatedPalestinianvillageofal-ShaykhMuwanniswasalsoannexedtoTelAviv.[50]On18May1949,ManshiyaandpartofJaffa'scentralzonewereadded,forthefirsttimeincludinglandthathadbeenintheArabportionoftheUNpartitionplan.[50]ThegovernmentvotedontheunificationofTelAvivandJaffaon4October1949,butthedecisionwasnotimplementeduntil24April1950duetotheoppositionofTelAvivmayorIsraelRokach.[50]ThenameoftheunifiedcitywasTelAvivuntil19August1950,whenitwasrenamedTelAviv-YafoinordertopreservethehistoricalnameJaffa.[50]TelAvivthusgrewto42squarekilometers(16.2sqmi).In1949,amemorialtothe60foundersofTelAvivwasconstructed.[51]Overthepast60years,TelAvivhasdevelopedintoasecular,liberal-mindedcenterwithavibrantnightlifeandcaféculture.[26]Inthe1960s,someoftheolderbuildingsweredemolished,makingwayforthecountry'sfirsthigh-rises.TheShalomMeirTower,whichwascompletedin1965.wasIsrael'stallestbuildinguntil1999.TelAviv'spopulationpeakedintheearly1960sat390,000,representing16percentofthecountry'stotal.[52]Alongperiodofsteadydeclinefollowed,however,andbythelate1980sthecityhadanagingpopulationof317,000.[52]Highpropertypricespushedfamiliesoutanddeterredyoungpeoplefrommovingin.[52]Atthistime,gentrificationbeganinthepoorneighborhoodsofsouthernTelAviv,andtheoldportinthenorthwasrenewed.[26]NewlawswereintroducedtoprotectModernistbuildings,andeffortstopreservethemwereaidedbyUNESCOrecognitionoftheTelAviv'sWhiteCityasaworldheritagesite.HerzlStreet,1934AllenbyStreetin1940MasterplanforTelAvivbyPatrickGeddes,1925NahalatBinyaminStreetin1936TherestoredJaffatrainstationAfterIsraeliindependenceIntheearly1990s,thedeclineinpopulationwasreversed,partlyduetothelargewaveofimmigrantsfromtheformerSovietUnion.[52]TelAvivalsobegantoemergeasahigh-techcenter.[26]Theconstructionofmanyskyscrapersandhigh-techofficebuildingsfollowed.In1993,TelAvivwascategorizedasaworldcity.[53]Thecityisregardedasastrongcandidateforglobalcitystatus.[54]IntheGulfWarin1991,TelAvivwasattackedbyScudmissilesfromIraq.IraqhopedtoprovokeanIsraelimilitaryresponse,whichcouldhavedestroyedtheUS–Araballiance.TheUnitedStatespressuredIsraelnottoretaliate,andafterIsraelacquiesced,theUSandNetherlandsrushedPatriotmissilestodefendagainsttheattacks,buttheyprovedlargelyineffective.TelAvivandotherIsraelicitiescontinuedtobehitbyScudsthroughoutthewar,andeverycityintheTelAvivareaexceptforBneiBrakwashit.Atotalof74IsraelisdiedasaresultoftheIraqiattacks,mostlyfromsuffocationandheartattacks,[55]whileapproximately230Israeliswereinjured.[56]Extensivepropertydamagewasalsocaused,andsome4,000Israeliswerelefthomeless.ItwasfearedthatIraqwouldfiremissilesfilledwithnerveagentsorsarin.Asaresult,theIsraeligovernmentissuedgasmaskstoitscitizens.WhenthefirstIraqimissileshitIsrael,somepeopleinjectedthemselveswithanantidotefornervegas.TheinhabitantsofthesoutheasternsuburbofHaTikvaerectedanangel-monumentasasignoftheirgratitudethat"itwasthroughagreatmiracle,thatmanypeoplewerepreservedfrombeingkilledbyadirecthitofaScudrocket."[57]On4November1995,Israel'sprimeminister,YitzhakRabin,wasassassinatedatarallyinTelAvivinsupportoftheOslopeaceaccord.Theoutdoorplazawherethisoccurred,formerlyknownasKikarMalcheiYisrael,wasrenamedRabinSquare.[26]In2009,TelAvivcelebrateditsofficialcentennial.[58]Inadditiontocity-andcountry-widecelebrations,digitalcollectionsofhistoricalmaterialswereassembled.TheseincludetheHistorysectionoftheofficialTelAviv-YafoCentennialYearwebsite;[58]theAhuzatBayitcollection,whichfocusesonthefoundingfamiliesofTelAviv,andincludesphotographsandbiographies;[59]andStanfordUniversity'sEliasafRobinsonTelAvivCollection,[60]documentingthehistoryofthecity.SincetheFirstIntifada,TelAvivhassufferedfromPalestinianpoliticalviolence.ThefirstsuicideattackinTelAvivoccurredon19October1994,ontheLine5bus,whenabomberkilled22civiliansandinjured50aspartofaHamassuicidecampaign.[61]On6March1996,anotherHamassuicidebomberkilled13people(12civiliansand1soldier)intheDizengoffCentersuicidebombing.[62][63]ThreewomenwerekilledbyaHamasterroristintheCaféApropobombingon27March1997.[64][65][66]Oneofthemostdeadlyattacksoccurredon1June2001,duringtheSecondIntifada,whenasuicidebomberexplodedattheentrancetotheDolphinariumdiscothèque,killing21,mostlyteenagers,andinjuring132.[67][68][69][70]AnotherHamassuicidebomberkilledsixciviliansandinjured70intheAllenbyStreetbusbombing.[71][72][73][74][75]Twenty-threecivilianswerekilledandover100injuredintheTelAvivcentralbusstationmassacre.[76][77]Al-AqsaMartyrsBrigadesclaimedresponsibilityfortheattack.IntheMike'sPlacesuicidebombing,anattackonabarbyaBritishMuslimsuicidebomberresultedinthedeathsofthreeciviliansandwoundedover50.[78]HamasandAlAqsaMartyrsBrigadesclaimedjointresponsibility.AnIslamicJihadbomberkilledfiveandwoundedover50inthe25February2005StageClubbombing.[79]Themostrecentsuicideattackinthecityoccurredon17April2006,when11peoplewerekilledandatleast70woundedinasuicidebombingneartheoldcentralbusstation.[80]Anotherattacktookplaceon29August2011inwhichaPalestinianattackerstoleanIsraelitaxicabandrammeditintoapolicecheckpointguardingthepopularHaoman17nightclubinTelAvivwhichwasfilledwith2,000[81]Israeliteenagers.Aftercrashing,theassailantwentonastabbingspree,injuringeightpeople.[79]DuetoanIsraelBorderPoliceroadblockattheentranceandimmediateresponseoftheBorderPoliceteamduringthesubsequentstabbings,amuchlargerandfatalmass-casualtyincidentwasavoided.[82]On21November2012,duringOperationPillarofDefense,theTelAvivareawastargetedbyrockets,andairraidsirensweresoundedinthecityforthefirsttimesincetheGulfWar.AlloftherocketseithermissedpopulatedareasorwereshotdownbyanIronDomerocketdefensebatterystationednearthecity.Duringtheoperation,abombblastonabuswoundedatleast28civilians,threeseriously.[83][84][85][86]ThiswasdescribedasaterroristattackbyIsrael,Russia,andtheUnitedStatesandwascondemnedbytheUnitedNations,UnitedStates,UnitedKingdom,FranceandRussia,whilstHamasspokesmanSamiAbuZuhrideclaredthattheorganisation"blesses"theattack.[87]CrowdoutsideDizengofHouse(nowIndependenceHall)towitnesstheproclamationandsigningofIsrael'sDeclarationofIndependencein1948AzrieliSaronain2016.ParkTzameretresidentialneighborhoodunderconstructionArab–IsraeliconflictIsraeliAirForceF-16ISufasoverTelAvivTelAvivDolphinarium,siteofthe2001Dolphinariumdiscothequesuicidebombing,inwhich21Israelis,mostlyteenagers,werekilled.GeographyTelAvivislocatedaround32°5′N34°48′EontheIsraeliMediterraneancoastline,incentralIsrael,thehistoriclandbridgebetweenEurope,AsiaandAfrica.ImmediatelynorthoftheancientportofJaffa,TelAvivliesonlandthatusedtobesanddunesandassuchhasrelativelypoorsoilfertility.Thelandhasbeenflattenedandhasnoimportantgradients;itsmostnotablegeographicalfeaturesarebluffsabovetheMediterraneancoastlineandtheYarkonRivermouth.[88]BecauseoftheexpansionofTelAvivandtheGushDanregion,absolutebordersbetweenTelAvivandJaffaandbetweenthecity'sneighborhoodsdonotexist.Thecityislocated60kilometers(37mi)northwestofJerusalemand90