6.非谓语

6. 非谓语 第六课 非谓语 一、V-ed形式 1．动词-ed形式作状语 (1) 动词-ed形式作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks. Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2) 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示一种状态。 这样的词(组)常见的有：lost (迷路的), seated (坐), hidden (躲), stationed (驻扎), lost/absorbed in (沉溺于), dressed in (穿着), tired of (感到厌倦)等。 Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 2．动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词之间在逻辑上存在被动关系，表动作的被动或完成。 Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 3．动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。 Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams. 4．动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作表语时，大多数是已经形容词化的过去分词。如：seated, disappointed, stuck, excited等。 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. 二、V-ing形式 1．动词-ing形式作状语 (1) 动词的-ing形式作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 Pressed from his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school. (2)动词-ing形式有一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。 Having been told many times, he finally understood it. The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years, came back to his motherland. Not having fully recovered from the operation, the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks. 2．动词-ing形式作定语 动词-ing形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it.(＝定语从句John ... the official letter which/that offered him it.) 3．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。动词-ing形式作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。 Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground. 4．动词-ing形式作宾语 (1)常接动词-ing作宾语的动词(短语) advise (建议), admit (承认), appreciate (感激), avoid (避免), can’t help (禁不住), consider (考虑), delay (推迟), enjoy (欣赏), escape (逃脱), finish (完成), imagine (想象), keep (on) (继续), mind (介意), practice (练习), suggest (建议), miss (错过), feel like (想要), devote ...to (把……献给), get used to (习惯于), look forward to (期望), object to (反对), set about (开始), put off (推迟)等。 I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010·上海高考) Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2)可用动词-ing，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词 to do sth.忘记去做某事未做forget doing sth.忘记做过某事已做 to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔已做 to do sth.尽力去做某事try doing sth.试着做某事 to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事 to do sth.记着去做某事未做remember doing sth.记着做了某事已做 to do sth.打算做某事mean  doing sth.意味着做某事 I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.(2009·陕西高考) (3)动词want, need, require意为“需要”时，后面跟动词-ing主动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。 The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered. (4)在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit后面直接跟动词-ing作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则应用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow anyone to smoke here. 5．动词-ing形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。 (1) 一般形式 It’s not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary. (2) 通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语，动词-ing后置。 It is no good learning without practice. 三、动词不定式 1．不定式作状语 (1) 不定式用来作目的状语。 作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往意为“为了；想要”。 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. (2) 不定式用于so ...as to ...; such ...as to; enough to ...; too ...to ...; only to ...等结构中作结果状语。 George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. [名师指津] 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces. (3) 不定式与形容词连用作原因状语。 这些形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, angry, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. (4) 在“be＋adj.(pleasant, nice, comfortable, hard, easy等)＋to do sth.” 结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with. 2．不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语多表示将来的动作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.(2009·山东高考) 3．have, get后作宾补的三种非谓语动词形式 have, get作“使、让、叫”讲时，其后可接“动词-ed形式，动词-ing 形式和动词不定式”这三种形式作宾补。 (1) have sth.done ＝ get sth.done使/让某事被别人所做；使某物遭受 Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers sent to her mother on her birthday. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb./sth.doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事ing形式表主动，正在进行(2)  v.- get sb./sth.doing使某人/物开始行动起来 He had us laughing all through the meal. [名师指津] have sb.doing用于否定句时，其中have有“容忍”之意。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that. have sb.do sth.(3) 使/让/叫某人去做某事 get sb.to do sth. Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. [名师指津] have sth. to do “有事情要做”。在此结构中，不定式作定语。 I’m sorry, I can’t go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle. 【针对训练】 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．V2．3．4．：30 train from Paddington. 5．aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 6．government. 7．ren’s love of art. 8．9．10．could refill it. 11．talented football player in Europe. 12．new look. 13．for her. 14．15．16．____________ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again. 17．18．19． (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. 20．Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文) He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams (search) for the causes of into a sleep-like condition would help ease (trouble) minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary. with his patients and (listen) to them talk. He had them (talk) about (express)．