第十章、名词性从句

高考英语复习系列 第 1 页 2010-7-7 第十章 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词 词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中 不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 高考重点要求： 1、 掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构 2、 弄清名词性从句的连词的用法和意义 3、 根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词 第一节 知识点概述 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为两类： 1. 名词性 that 从句，即以 that 为连接词的名词性从句。that 只能起连接主句和从句的 作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。 2. 名词性 wh-从句，即以 wh-词连接的名词性从句。Wh-词包括： 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, why 连接词 whether, if 不充当句子的任何成分。 二、主语从句 1. 用作主语的从句叫主语从句。that 从句作主语，that 不能省略。 ▲That he likes such kind of books is very interesting.他喜欢这种书是非常有趣的。 ▲Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。 ▲What he is looking for is none of your business. 他在找什么与你无关。 2. 很多主语从句都可以用 that 作形式主语。例如： It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books. It remains a question whether he will be able to come. 3. It 作形式主语主要包括以下几种类型和搭配关系： 1）It + be + adj. + 从句 It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 2）It + be + n. + 从句 It is a pity that he missed the lecture. 3）It + be + 过去分词 + 从句 It is said that they have won the game. 4）It + be + vi. + 从句 It seems that something is wrong with the computer. 三、表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的联系动词之后。that 从句作表语，that 不能省 略。表语从句只用 whether，不用 if。 ▲The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking. 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会 高考英语复习系列 第 2 页 2010-7-7 感到难受。 ▲The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。 ▲This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。 四、宾语从句 宾语从句在句中作宾语，引导宾语从句的 that 可以省略。whether 和 if 可互换，但介 词宾语或有 or not 时，用 whether. ▲They know that the habit may kill them. 他们知道这个习惯能使他们致死。 ▲They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. 他们怀疑 Jack 是否是一个好学生。 ▲They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service. 他们想了解哪家店 提出的建议和提供的服务最好。 五、同位语从句 同位语从句中先行词不充当从句成分，从句是用来解释先行词的内容。That 从句作同 位语，that 不能省略。 ▲ word word文档格式规范word作业纸小票打印word模板word简历模板免费word简历 came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来，我们的足球队赢了比 赛。 ▲May I ask a question when the meeting will be held? 我能否问个问题，会议什么时候 举行？ 第二节 实战演练 一 、 复 习 时 需 注 意 的 要 点 1. 由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句。 That 只起连接主句和从句的作 用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性 that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾 语、表语、同位语 2. 主句和从句要保持时态上的一致性，从句还要保持陈述句语序。 3. 当从句是由选择问句转化而成时，一定要用 whether 构成 whether...or 结构。 4. That-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将 that-从句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be + adj. + that 从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 从所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… 高考英语复习系列 第 3 页 2010-7-7 c. It + be + n. + that 从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d. It + be + vi. + that 从句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 5. 选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词 whether…or 或 whether…or not 构成，例如： Please tell me whether they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 二 、 历 届 高 考 试 题 分 析 例 1、_____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 答案为 C 【解析】 本句的结构为 It is +动词的过去分词+that 引导主语从句。经常用于这种结 构的动词还有 say, report, think, hope, expect, consider, suggest 等。 例 2、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________. A. that ...to be improved B. which...to be improved C. where ...improving D .when...improving 答案为 A。 【解析】 考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份，因此用关系词 that， 故 B、C、D 均不正确。对于第 2 个空格，need 既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词。作 实义动词时后跟动词不定式，即 need to do sth.，另外 road conditions 与 improve 之间是 被动关系，因此是 need to be improved(need to be done=need doing)。译文：私家车受欢 迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。 例 3、_________made the school proud was_________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D.That; because 答案为 B。 【解析】 what 引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语；that 引导表语从句，在表语从句 中起连接作用。 例 4、There's a feeling in me _______we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 答案为 A。 【解析】 同位语从句 that we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever 作 a feeling 的同位 语，解释 a feeling 的具体内容。that 连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用不作从句的任何 高考英语复习系列 第 4 页 2010-7-7 成分。译文：我有一个这样的感觉，我们不会知道什么是 UFO——永远不会。 例 5、Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that's _______ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 答案为 A。 【解析】 这是一个表语从句，what 在表语从句中作 takes 的宾语，构成“It takes sth. to do sth.”的句型。译文：坚定不移是一种品质——坚定不移使人们做好任何事情。 例 6、When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _______he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that 答案为 A。 【解析】 这是一个宾语从句，wants 后面缺少宾语，所以要填写 what。Always give the monkey exactly what he wants 是一句谚语，意思是“永远不折不扣地给予对方他想 要的东西。”译文：当你在找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远不折不 扣地给予对方他想要的东西。 例 7、Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 答案为 B。 【解析】 这是一个同位语从句。that 引导从句作 information 的同位语，解释 information 的具体内容。注意：that 和 what 引导名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句)的区 别：that 引导名词性从句，只起引导作用，在从句中不作成分。that 引导宾语从句时， that 可省略，而在其他三个从句中，that 虽不作成份，一般也不省略；what 在这四个名 词从句中一定作成分，作主语、宾语、表语或补语。译文：有消息说，更多的中学毕业 生将进入大学。 例 8、What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why 答案选 C。 【解析】 这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt 一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所 以要填 whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能从重病中很快康复。” 例 9、—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. —Is that ________ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 答案为 A。 【解析】 这是一个 why 引导的表语从句，表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你为 什么离开几天的原因吗?” 例 10、________she couldn't understand was ________fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What...why B. That...what C. What...because D. Why...that 答案选 A。 【解析】 主语从句 she couldn't understand 缺少宾语，要用 What 引导。表语从句 fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons 是一个完整的句子，要用 why 引导，意 思是“为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣”。 高考英语复习系列 第 5 页 2010-7-7 第三节 巩固练习 Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence. 1. ____ the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in Paris is not known yet A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 4.The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware ______she had gone . A. that where B. of the place which C. of what D. of where 5._____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 6.____ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 7.____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The reason C. Whoever D. Who 8.____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 9.____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 10.The question remains ______the Party can win the majority of the people . A. that B. if C. whether D. / 11. I remember____ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 12. You can’t imagine____ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were excited 13. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests. A .anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 14. Can you make sure____ the gold ring ? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 15. No one can be sure ____ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 16. Can you tell me____ ? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 17. They want to know____ do to help us. A. what can they B .what they can C. how they can D. how can they 18. Would you please tell me____ the airport ? A. how I can get to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where I can get to 19. It was a matter of____ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see____. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 21. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the school master ____ he had the day before. A. that B. how C. where D. what 高考英语复习系列 第 6 页 2010-7-7 22. Go and get your coat. It’s____ you left it. A. there B. where C .there where D. where there 23. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____ I got wet through. A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how 24.It is important ______you win or lose ; what matters is how you play the game . A. whether B. as if C. whom D. that 25. There was much certainty ______the board of directors would agree to our various proposals for increasing sales. A. which B. why C. / D. that 26. They have no idea at all____. A. where he has gone B. there did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 27. Greenland, ____ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest 28.____ is no possibility____ Bob can win the first prize in the match A. There…that B. It…that C. There…whether D. It…whether 29. We will soon discuss the problem ______we should take some effective measures to protect the animals and plants in our region. A. if B. whether C. that D. ever since 30.____ is quite clear. A. Where is the fighting B. Why is the fighting C. What war is D. What is war being 31. The reason _______ he didn’t come to our party was _______ he took a missing boy back home on his way. A. why…because B. why…that C. that…why D. that…that 32.____ that not all government officials are honest. A. It seems to me B. In my opinion, I believe C. My believing is D. I think in my mind 33.____ is more and less advanced can pass the test. A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. A student 34. _______ land ownership in some counties is unfair _______ obvious. A. What…is B. Whether…are C. That…is D. If…is 35.The reason I plan to go is ____if I don’t. A. because she will be disappointed B. that she will be disappointed C. because she will have a disappointment D. on account of she will be disappointed 36. She wanted to know____. A. whether I knew her and where did she work B. if I know her and the factory she worked there C. whether I knew her and the factory she worked D. if I knew her and the factory where she worked 37. My father wouldn’t tell me____ his new car. A. how much he paid for B. how much did he pay C. he paid how much for D. did he pay how much 38. A simple experiment shows____ air has some strength. A. what B. that C. which D. who 39.I can’t tell ______ A. what one my brother likes best B. which one my brother likes best C. that one does my brother like best 高考英语复习系列 第 7 页 2010-7-7 D. which one does my brother like best 40._____we are doing has never been done before. A. That B. Which C. whether D. What 41.The book looks ____it had been out in the rain. A. that B. whether C. as though D. what 42.She said that she ____there for two years. A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked 43. He said that he ____us A. will help B. would help C. is helping D. helped 44. Now we have learned ____ A. what is heat B. whether heat is C. when is heat D. what heat is 45.She ____ that she lives in London. A. said B. says C. had said D. was saying 46.I want to leave my car. Can you tell me ____near here? A. if there is a car park B. is there a car park C. if there is parking D. is there a parking 47.Can you tell us ____? A. who that man is B. who is that man C. what is that man D. Whom that man is 48.He asked me if _____? A. he train will late B. the train always arrived late C. the train arrives on time D. the train stops here 49.He asked me ____ I sat so still. A. where B. how C. why D. which 50.I wonder _______. A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost