博士生英语词汇

博士生考试基础词汇汇总 Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather. ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delay desert/forsake/ leave / cease / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give up abide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt) Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stay You have to keep ______ with the times. Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in with absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call. engage/occupy/bend over/involve/be busy with Abundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game access In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library. Way/approach/solution/answer/ Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at hand His words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit) I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion to account He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independently You have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mind Give us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statement He has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate) acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secure active He is very active in politics. Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiastic adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation. Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fit accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with) admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. (allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt) adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs. enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ample advantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money. Benefit/gain/upper hand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returns Aim His aim is to win the game. Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destination Amass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years. Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store up Mass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/pack/gang Figure/digit/measure ambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money. Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be intent upon amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds. Add up to/approximate/total/sum up The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money. sum/measure/quantity/price/value angle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect /view/point of view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/ idea/thought/conception/judgment theory/outlook announce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board. Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make known anticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do. expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope for anything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at all The apparent things might not tell of the truth. apparent obvious seeming evident clear plain apart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking. Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in addition He was appointed member of the committee. Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote for appeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/beg apply Please apply to the secretary for further information. The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. approve Many people don't approve of the plan. disapprove like/prefer/endorse/accept/think well of arise The company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes. Rise raise rouse arouse arise Originate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn up artificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation. ashamed /shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/humiliating Ashamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him. acquaint I'm sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted with. associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with /mingle with / relate I assume that success is a sum of mistakes. Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for granted assure I can assure you of my support. confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promise You’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language. Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize complete attribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribe avoid You should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour. Avoid shun escape evade keep away from The government has banned the used of chemical weapons. Bar prohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstruct bargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain sale basis On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next year. China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other countries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence. ground foundation Scientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. As soon as before the second the minute the moment You can’t blame all this on me. He is the last one to blame for the accident. Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemn board He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /meals board/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ team boast You should not boast of your success. Brag show off boom Production boomed. Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/prosper brief It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No". short We are bound for London. Head make The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going to There are no bounds to his ambition. Limit confine restriction call This situation​​​​_____________ for prompt action. (calls in calls at calls on calls for) They have called off their engagement. She was calm when I told her of the terrible news. Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peaceful We should not doubt his capability. Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiency Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends. Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupation There is no reason why we should not carry on with it. Carry on go on keep on continue work on be under way be in process case In any case I shall return in a day or two. If even if for fear on condition center She centered her attention on the problem. Focus concentrate fix charge The charge against him was severe. Sentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilt/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgment Since the situation is changing, let’s take some _____ measures to deal with it. flexible changeable changing If I had the choice, I would retire at thirty. Selection/preference/option/alternative No one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it. cling She clung to the hope that he was still alive. Stick adhere hold grasp close The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem. Listen closely and look closely, you’ll find it out. A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity. Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof key combine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water. blend mix mingle fuse unite couple join comment I'm afraid I can't comment on your work just yet. Remark criticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remark commit I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicate Compare this with that, and you will see which is the better. Contrast Poets have compared sleep to death. She is lovely beyond compare. comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison. I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year. Comparable/comparative compel We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should. Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push prompt He has formed a good habit. Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/build Assemble/manufacture/produce Next year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Required compose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. Consist of/ be made up of / contain / include/hold/cover/comprise comprehensive /Comprehensible She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. conscious She was not conscious of his presence in the room. Aware Considerate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christmas card. Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympathetic Considerable/much/important/great/significant/powerful contend I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil. Argue/struggle/fight/quarrel Our journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villages. continuously vs continually convey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. express cope Poor Mary! She has so much to cope with. deal with live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fed up with correspond This word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one. count Her opinion counts because of her experience. Matter be of importance significant Don’t count on a salary increase this year. believe depended count confide rely depend bank critical If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spending reductions. Crucial urgent pressing decisive Ironic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcastic cure This medicine should cure you of your cold. Remind relieve inform deprive rob break It is not my custom to give in. Custom habit use practice manner way pattern tendency fashion routine nature The damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair. destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agony distress grieve hurt impair abuse plague epidemic debris/trash/junk/rubbish decline Steel production has been on the decline in these countries. Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reduce deep They dived deep into the ocean. She was deeply interested in classical music. degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extent deem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying. Think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/reflect/think over A good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm. Demand/require/call for deny They denied her the opportunity to see her father. refuse decline rejects turn down die She died of an illness; and he died a beggar. The storms are dying down. The noise of the car died away in the distance. The members of the family had all died off. This species has died out. Can you describe what he looks like? Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tell They were determined that he make a big fortune in his forties. Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/serious She was in his eyes a devoted mother. Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealous The sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea. Discharge/discard / cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake / desert / give away/ throw away/cast off/get rid of display We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display. Her writings display natural talents. Exhibit show indicate specify illustrate demonstrate expose present distinct Mice are distinct form rats. Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilar Long sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style. Characteristic explicit definite candid unmistakable expressive direct The light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another. distinguish tell separate divide He is one of the most distinguished scholars in this field. Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/recognized /prominent/important/superior In the dark I could only discern the outline of the building. Discern/see/make out/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/spy/behold diverse There are people from diverse cultures at the party. different various comprehensive He refused to disclose his name and address. Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betray They drew up the contract and presented it to the management. The train drew in/into the station. pull draw pull drag push heave lift haul draw crawl creep linger on drag near be oncoming/ongoing She drove her car into the forest. Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/ride Don’t discourage her; she is doing her best. Vs encourage Discourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keep from/try to stop The shoes are expensive but durable. Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strong It is your duty to go. Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/office/role Business/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/employment/effort He is living an easy life now. comfortable It is an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones. economic/economical/economy He went to a very good elementary school. Elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/initial/primitive Since 1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect. The acid has no effect on the metal. The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March. A sentence of ten years' imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a life sentence. He is not likely to give effect to his threat. effect force power practice She encouraged him to take this examination. Encourage/support/back up/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspire end Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. I've warned you no end of times not to touch that machine. I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end. He had approached every friend and acquaintance for help in vain, and now he was at his wit's end. We ended the diner up with fruit and coffee. When the reception came to an end, they were reluctant to leave the hall. The argument between the two men ended in a fight. The government is determined to put an end to terrorism. He's entitled to a pension, but he won't dream of retiring yet. entitle qualify authorize enable sanction empower The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. equip provide They have the exclusive right to do the advertisements for this company. inclusive My wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job. exert practice exercise impose avail He is one of the greatest contemporary writers. Existing living contemporary lately—later---late---latter current recent He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. live face come Devotion is essential for work. Necessary/vital/fundamental/required/crucial/critical/important/fatal/indispensable Compulsory/obligatory/imperative/urgent Nothing is everlasting. Forever/endless/perpetual/eternal/permanent/constant/infinite/continual/for good The bird extended its wings in flight. Stretch/lengthen/increase/expand/broaden/spread/enlarge/magnify Her nose is a very attractive feature. Feature/looks/appearance/characteristic/trait/mark Are you in favor of women taking part in politics? In the favor The international situation is favorable to us. Advantageous Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly. Tension Excitement Fear Nervousness fuss ado chaos confusion turmoil riot After Tom passed his driving test he filled in/out an application for his driving license. The children hid in the house and ate their fill. The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather. wavers vibrates swings fluctuates hesitates quakes trembles shudders There are fine distinctions between the two. fine/minute/delicate/detailed/small/tiny/slight/insignificant Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes across to American audience. Understand comprehend catch on get He gave a gift for my birthday. Give/present/offer/bestow/donate/grant/contribute/award/provide/supply/deliver/deal out /hand out/turn in He had a good house, a good wife and a good job. Good/desirable/right/appropriate/suitable/becoming/satisfying/decent They grouped together in fours. Arrange/assemble/organize/classify/sort/collect/grade/rank/value/evaluate/catorgerize/estimate When he was young, he always _______ around and did not care about what was happening around him. Hang loaf loiter hit She hit on a good title for her new novel. Come across Her new film is quite a hit. success The rent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. Affect hold She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news. I think he is holding something back; he knows more that he admits. She always holds to her convictions. The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reduction. Road works on the highway are holding up traffic. There was something wrong with the traffic signal. Our bus was ______ for nearly half an hour. A. held on B. held back C. held out D. held up identical This copy is identical with/to the ones you bought last week. the same as If only I were rich! Only if I am rich, I can do what I want. Immoral vs amoral He deserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors. It was he that initiated this project. Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/break the ice Incentive The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize. (excitement initiative motive entertainment) We are in for trouble. He know the ins and outs of the problem. Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition. A good teacher should be impartial to his students. Impartial/impersonal/unbiased/neutral/disinterested/just/fairdetatched unconcerned indifferent This car is inferior to the one I bought last year. inferior superior senior junior similar prior The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen insight into human nature. intellect insight perception understanding comprehension wisdom intuition No doubt, a trade mark pertains to a firm’s intangible assets. intangible invisible interfere /intervene If you interfere in /with other people's affairs, you will regret it. He testified in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed. testified witnessed justified identified notify specify keep I can't understand you keeping a thing like that to yourself. Please keep to the point --- we are running out of time. I can’t keep up with all