国际服务外包报告2005

Global Outsourcing Report 2005 Produced by Mark Minevich, Going Global Ventures Inc. and Dr. Frank-Jürgen Richter, HORASIS March 2005 Going Global Ventures Inc., New York | Horasis, Geneva Copyright © All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reprinted/reproduced without prior permission from Horasis and Going Global Ventures Inc. Table of Contents PAGE INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 GLOBAL OPPORTUNITY RANK AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITY RANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 AUTHORS OF THE REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 CREDITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 DETAILED VIEW OF COUNTRY RISK AND OVERALL GLOBAL OUTSOURCING RANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 DEFINITION: OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 COUNTRY ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 REGIONAL ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 COUNTRY PROFILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Armenia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 United Arab Emirates, Dubai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Kyrgyz Republic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Going Global Ventures Inc., New York | Horasis, Geneva Copyright © All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reprinted/reproduced without prior permission from Horasis and Going Global Ventures Inc. Global Outsourcing Report page 2 of 48 INTRODUCTION India is the most competitive and popular IT-outsourcing destination in the world and tops the ranking of The Global Outsourcing Report 2005, released today by Ziff Davis Media’s CIO Insight, Horasis and Going Global Ventures. China is in second position, followed by Costa Rica and the Czech Republic, consecutively. The report examines the risk and costs profile of the world’s leading outsourcing destinations by proposing two different indexes—the Global Outsourcing Index (GOI), which describes the current competitiveness of doing outsourc- ing work in the top 20 countries, and the Future Outsourcing Index (FOI), which assesses the long-term (10 years) competitiveness of the top 30 future outsourcing destinations. China takes the lead in the Future Outsourcing Index, followed by India, U.S., Brazil and Russia. In the future, the authors believe that China will most likely become the largest and most competitive outsourcing destination, assuming China makes significant progress in geopolitical and legal arenas and demonstrates reasonable results in all categories outlined in this report. Global Outsourcing Index is a necessary and effective tool that offers the business community a baseline. It is the first milestone in a process that should give the business and corporate communities a road map to the right out- sourcing process. International whiteboards offer all the relevant information about specific countries, their rela- tive advantages and the specific resources capabilities. The Future Outsourcing Index forecasts the competitiveness of outsourcing destinations for 2015. The index is determined by GDP growth, population growth, labor pool and extrapolated analysis from results of an executive opinion survey that captures the opinions of 50 leading entrepreneurs, economists and other thought leaders. Future assessment includes the interpretations, predictions and expert review of language risk, internal political risks, glob- al image risk, changes in global competitiveness, and change in origin of the work or service to be outsourced or off- shored. Furthermore, the global strategic enterprise demography is likely to change dramatically by 2020. This report offers standardization in reducing outsourcing risk analytically and holistically. “It is making an impor- tant intellectual and practical contribution to addressing one of the most dramatic business trends in current his- tory—outsourcing/offshoring—as we attempt to enact visions for a sustainable future,” noted Frank-Jürgen Richter, president of Horasis, The Global Visions Community. “I believe the future belongs to those who don’t know what they can’t do. This report is an important and timely brain trust of global knowledge, representing IT visionaries and thought leaders from all over the world. This report is a catalyst for discovering and targeting the dynamic emerging markets for technological frontier out- sourcing/offshoring and identifying the next wave of winners in technology outsourcing, even before trends and problems can emerge. We are creating answers for bringing the future to life, today,” added Mark Minevich, a globally recognized technology leader, International Strategic Advisor, is Principal at Going Global Ventures Incand chairman of the Global Technology Leadership Council. The authors, Mark Minevich and Frank-Jürgen Richter, give presentations worldwide to major corporations and national governments keen to strengthen outsourcing opportunities. They worked with senior executives and leading thought leaders to ensure that the latest thinking and research on IT outsourcing are incorporated into this report. Going Global Ventures Inc., New York | Horasis, Geneva Copyright © All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reprinted/reproduced without prior permission from Horasis and Going Global Ventures Inc. Global Outsourcing Report page 3 of 48 The detailed ranking is as following: Competitiveness has been measured along seven dimensions: geopolitical risk, legal risk, cultural risk, economic risk, IT infrastructure risk, human capital risk and IT competency risk. An added dimension is the cost of out- sourcing in the respective countries. Finally, this report measures the Market Opportunity according to market, expert opinion, global competitiveness and third-party sources. The report contains a country profile for most of the 20 economies featured in the study, providing a comprehensive summary of the overall opportunities, costs and risks, as well as a guide to what are considered to be the most prominent competitive advantages and com- petitive disadvantages of each. Going Global Ventures Inc., New York | Horasis, Geneva Copyright © All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reprinted/reproduced without prior permission from Horasis and Going Global Ventures Inc. Global Outsourcing Report page 4 of 48 India China Costa Rica Czech Republic Hungary Canada Latvia Russia Chile Romania Ireland Singapore The Philippines Poland Armenia Brazil Ukraine Israel Mexico South Africa 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 9 10 11 11 13 13 15 15 17 18 19 20 2.02 2.16 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.42 2.46 2.50 2.50 2.56 2.56 2.58 2.58 2.74 2.76 2.78 2.86 CountryRank Global Opportunity Rating GLOBAL OPPORTUNITY RANK—2005 FUTURE OPPORTUNITY RANK—2015 China India USA Brazil Russia Ukraine Romania Belarus Philippines Canada Ireland Malaysia Armenia Chile South Africa Thailand Vietnam Moldova Mexico Poland Bulgaria Israel Pakistan Kazachstan Albania Hungary Czech Rep Latvia Singapore Costa Rica 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 CountryFuture Rank METHODOLOGY Global Outsourcing Index Twenty countries are featured in the Global Outsourcing Index, while 30 countries are featured in the Future Outsourcing Index. Several additional countries have been added to the Future Outsourcing Index. The goal of this report is to provide the reader with a country-by-country guide to the worldwide outsourcing market, its opportunities, costs and risks. It was compiled from surveys and interviews with outsourcing, eco- nomics and business experts. The 20 countries we analyzed are ranked in their order of finish in the Global Outsourcing Index (GOI), which rates each country according to its competitiveness as an outsourcing destination. The index comprises three main factors: • Cost: Few companies would outsource at all if doing so didn’t save them money. The cost factor, which includes compensation and wages, infrastructure cost, and tax and regulatory cost, makes up 30 percent of the GOI. • Risk: Every country possesses its own strengths and weaknesses, risks and rewards. The Overall Risk Rating, which makes up 54 percent of the GOI, aggregates a variety of risks every potential outsourcer must take into account: – Geopolitical risk (10% of GOI) Includes stability of government, corruption, geopolitics, security. – Human capital risk (10%) Includes quality of educational system, labor pool, number of new IT graduates. – IT competency risk (10%) Includes project management skills, high-end skills and competence (cus- tom code writing, system writing, R&D, business process experience). – Economic risk (6%) Includes currency volatility, GDP growth. – Legal risk (6%) Includes overall legislation, tax, intellectual property. – Cultural risk (6%) Includes language compatibility, cultural affinities, innovation, adaptability. – IT infrastructure risk (6%) Includes IT expenditure, quality of key access infrastructure. • Market Opportunity Rating: This number, which makes up 16 percent of the GOI, includes expert third-party analysis of each country, its global competitiveness and IT market share. The rating serves as a check on any imbalances elsewhere in the report. Future Outsourcing Index The Future Outsourcing Index compares each country by its competitive position in the overall outsourcing mar- ket as it will look in ten years, based on such factors as population growth, GDP growth, labor supply and IT expertise. In the Future Index, China will rise to No. 1, while India will drop to No. 2. The U.S. will enter the list at No. 3, thanks to competitively priced high-value offerings. Countries such as Israel and Singapore will become much less competitive because they won’t be able to slow rising costs, while others, such as Costa Rica, will strug- gle to remain competitive because they’ll be unable to maintain the population growth and skilled workforces nec- essary to remain attractive. The Global Outsourcing Report only ranks countries active in outsourcing now and in the future. Among the major trends over the next ten years, however, is the growth of multinational outsourcers—large corporations with the capacity to go anywhere in the world for the skills their clients need. In ten years, they will actually become the second most attractive outsourcing option, after China, not just because of their wide-ranging outsourcing options, but because they will be better able to spread the costs and risks of outsourcing, relieving many corpora- tions of the need to make country-by-country decisions. Going Global Ventures Inc., New York | Horasis, Geneva Copyright © All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reprinted/reproduced without prior permission from Horasis and Going Global Ventures Inc. Global Outsourcing Report page 5 of 48 AUTHORS OF THE REPORT Mark D. Minevich, a globally recognized technology leader, International Strategic Advisor, and an author of The CTO Handbook: The Indispensable Technology Leadership Resource, recent- ly published by Aspatore Books. Mark Minevich is a Principal at Going Global Ventures Inc., a U.S.-based international con- sulting and venture advisory firm providing business transformation, globalization, innovation and strategic outsourcing services. Mr. Minevich is a Strategic advisor in Synecta, leadership and performance improvement firm based in London and Oslo. He is also a Chairman of The Technology Leadership Council, Global Innovation Network and a Member of CIO Collective. He serves on the Advisory Board of USC Globalization Institute, Ziff Davis/CIO Insight, Mirador Capital, Hypha Holdings(Singapore), and Gerson Lehrman Group's Council of Advisors. Mark Minevich acts as a Co- Chairperson and Strategic Advisor to Global Innovation High Tech and Life Science Symposium. Previously, he was CTO and Senior Strategist of the IBM Next Generation Group, where, among his many accomplishments, he formulated the strategy for IBM’s Incubator Innovation and Going Global Programs. He has also advised the U.S. Government (Department of Commerce and Department of State) on innovation and bilateral relationships with emerging economies such as Russia, as well as acting as an Advisor to high growth companies, innovation centers, emerging incubators and the Venture Capital community. Mark Minevich is a frequent speaker at internationally renowned global events, CEO/CTO/CIO Roundtables, Technology Conferences and Symposiums as well as leading Universities. Mark Minevich recently spoke on Global Innovation at PDMA conference. Mark Minevich hosted and organizes events such as Global Performance Theater (Moscow, London, Oslo, Budapest), and Global Innovation Summit with Who's Who in the world of Global Innovation. Mr. Minevich holds a B.S. in Computer Science, Montclair State University, and an MBA in Information Management, Stevens Institute of Technology. He speaks Ukrainian and Russian in addition to English, and spends time living in both the United States and Eastern Europe. Frank-Jürgen Richter is the president of Horasis, The Global Visions Community. Horasis is a strategic advisory that develops scenarios related to issues of globalization. Prior to founding Horasis, Dr. Richter was director of the World Economic Forum, in charge of Asian affairs. In this position, he developed extensive experience in and knowledge of the world’s economic, business and political scene and its key players. Under his leadership, the forum’s summits in Asia and the Asia part of Davos have evolved to facilitate the exchange of expertise between lead- ers in business, government and civil society. Going Global Ventures Inc., New York | Horasis, Geneva Copyright © All Rights Reserved. No part of this report may be reprinted/reproduced without prior permission from Horasis and Going Global Ventures Inc. Global Outsourcing Report page 6 of 48 CREDITS This report was reviewed by experts from Singapore, China, India, Russia, Netherlands, Israel, Ukraine, Hungary, Africa, the United Kingdom, Armenia, Belgium, the United States and Switzerland. It was reviewed by futurists, strategists, consultants CIOs, CTOs, entrepreneurs, thought leaders, outsourcing experts, attorneys associations and nongovernmental organizations. We especially want to thank the contributions of and review from: • Isaac Applbaum, Partner and Managing Director, LightSpeed Venture Partners • Judy Arteche-Carr, Regional Director, Unisys • Oebele Bruinsma, Innovation Expert, Netherlands • Konstantin Caploon, Legal Expert, New Jersey • Steve Carlson, Organizer, FirstTuesday Budapest •