Vietnamlaborlaw-Englishversion越南劳动法英文版

NATIONALASSEMBLYSOCIALISTREPUBLICOFVIETNAM--------Independence-Freedom-Happiness----------------LawNo.10/2012/QH13Hanoi,June18,2012LABORCODEPursuanttothe1992ConstitutionoftheSocialistRepublicofVietnam,whichwasamendedandsupplementedunderResolutionNo.51/2001/QH10;TheNationalAssemblypromulgatestheLaborCode.ChapterIGENERALPROVISIONSArticle1.ScopeofregulationTheLaborCodeprovideslaborstandards;rights,obligationsandresponsibilitiesofemployees,employers,employees’representativeorganizationsandemployers’representativeorganizationsinindustrialrelationsandotherrelationsdirectlyrelatedtoindustrialrelations;andstatemanagementoflabor.Article2.Subjectsofapplication1.Vietnameseemployees,apprentices,trainees,andothertypesofemployeeprovidedinthisCode.2.Employers.3.ForeignemployeeswhoworkinVietnam.4.Otheragencies,organizationsandindividualsdirectlyrelatedtoindustrialrelations.Article3.InterpretationoftermsInthisCode,thetermsbelowareconstruedasfollows:1.Employeemeansapersonwhoisfull15yearsorolder,hastheabilitytowork,worksunderalaborcontract,ispaidwithwageandismanagedandcontrolledbyanemployer.2.Employermeansanenterprise,anagency,anorganization,acooperative,ahouseholdoranindividualthathiresoremploysemployeesunderlaborcontracts;iftheemployerisanindividual,he/shemusthavefullcivilactcapacity.3.Employees’collectivemeansanorganizedgroupofemployeesworkingforthesameemployerorinthesamedivisionwithintheorganizationalapparatusofanemployer.4.Representativeorganizationofagrassroots-levelemployees’collectivemeanstheexecutivecommitteeofthegrassroots-leveltradeunionortheexecutivecommitteeoftheimmediatehigher-leveltradeunioninanon-unionizedenterprise.5.Employers’representativeorganizationmeansalawfullyestablishedorganizationwhichrepresentsandprotectstheemployers’rightsandlegitimateinterestsinindustrialrelations.6.Industrialrelationmeansasocialrelationarisingfromthehiringoremploymentandwagepaymentbetweenanemployeeandanemployer.7.Labordisputemeansadisputeoverrights,obligationsorinterestswhicharisebetweenthepartiesinindustrialrelations.Labordisputecomprisesindividuallabordisputebetweenanemployeeandanemployer,andcollectivelabordisputebetweenanemployees’collectiveandanemployer.8.Right-basedcollectivelabordisputemeansadisputebetweenanemployees’collectiveandanemployerwhicharisesfromdifferentexplanationsandimplementationsofthelaborlaw,collectivelaboragreements,internalworkingregulations,andotherregulationsandlawfulagreements.9.Interest-basedcollectivelabordisputemeansalabordisputearisingfromtherequestofanemployees’collectivefortheestablishmentofnewworkingconditionscomparedtothosestipulatedbythelaborlaw,collectivelaboragreement,internalworkingregulations,orotherregulationsandlawfulagreementsreachedinthenegotiationprocessbetweentheemployees’collectiveandtheemployer.10.Forcedlabormeanstheuseofforceorthreattouseforceorothertrickstoforceapersontoworkagainsthis/herwill.Article4.Statepoliciesonlabor1.Toguaranteetherightsandlegitimateinterestsofemployees;toencourageagreementsprovidingemployeeswithconditionsmorefavorablethanthoseprovidedbythelaborlaw;andtoadoptpolicieswhichenableemployeestopurchasesharesandmakecapitalcontributionsforproductionandbusinessdevelopment.2.Toguaranteetherightsandlegitimateinterestsofemployers,toensurelawful,democratic,fairandcivilizedlabormanagement,andtopromotetheirsocialresponsibility.3.Tocreatefavorableconditionsforjobcreation,self-employmentandvocationaltrainingandlearninginordertoacquireemployment,andforlabor-intensiveproductionandbusinessactivities.4.Toadoptpoliciesonthedevelopmentanddistributionofhumanresources;toprovidevocationaltraining,training,retrainingandimprovementofoccupationalknowledgeandskillsforemployees,andgivepreferencesforemployeeswithhighprofessionalandtechnicalqualificationsmeetingtherequirementsofnationalindustrializationandmodernization.5.Toadoptpoliciesonlabormarketdevelopmentanddiversifytypesoflinkagebetweenlaborsupplyanddemand.6.Toguideemployeesandemployerstoholddialoguesandcollectivebargainstoestablishharmonious,stableandprogressiveindustrialrelations.7.Toensuregenderequalityprinciples;tostipulatethelaborregimeandsocialpoliciestoprotectfemaleemployeesaswellasdisabled,elderlyandminoremployees.Article5.Rightsandobligationsofemployees1.Anemployeehasthefollowingrights:a/Towork,freelychooseajoboroccupation,toparticipateinvocationaltrainingandtoimproveoccupationalskillsandsuffernodiscrimination;b/Toreceiveawagecommensuratewithhis/heroccupationalknowledgeandskillsonthebasisofanagreementreachedwiththeemployer;toreceivelaborprotectionandworkinassuredconditionsoflaborsafetyandlaborhygiene;totakeleavesaccordingtotheprescribedregime,paidannualleavesandenjoycollectivewelfarebenefits;c/Toformandjoinandparticipateinactivitiesoftradeunions,occupationalassociationsandotherorganizationsinaccordancewithlaw;torequestandparticipateindialogueswiththeemployer,implementdemocracyregulationsandbeconsultedattheworkplacetoprotecthis/herrightsandlegitimateinterests;andtoparticipateinmanagementactivitiesaccordingtotheemployer’sregulations;d/Tounilaterallyterminatethelaborcontractinaccordancewithlaw;e/Togoonstrike.2.Anemployeehasthefollowingobligations:a/Toperformthelaborcontractandcollectivelaboragreement;b/Toobeylabordisciplineandinternalworkingregulationsandfollowlawfuladministrationoftheemployer;c/Toimplementthelawsonsocialinsuranceandhealthinsurance.Article6.Rightsandobligationsofemployers1.Anemployerhasthefollowingrights:a/Torecruit,arrangeandmanageemployeesaccordingtotherequirementsofproductionandbusiness;toperformcommendationworkandhandleviolationsoflabordiscipline;b/Toform,joinandoperateinoccupationalassociationsandotherorganizationsinaccordancewithlaw;c/Torequesttheemployees’collectivetohavedialogue,negotiateandsignacollectivelaboragreement;toparticipateintheresolutionoflabordisputesandstrikes;toexchangeopinionswiththetradeuniononissuesrelatedtoindustrialrelationsandimprovementofthematerialandspirituallivesofemployees;d/Totemporarilyclosetheworkplace.2.Anemployerhasthefollowingobligations:a/Toperformthelaborcontracts,collectivelaboragreementandotheragreementswithemployees,torespectthehonoranddignityofemployees;b/Toestablishamechanismforandholddialoguewiththeemployees’collectiveattheenterpriseandstrictlyimplementtheregulationsongrassroots-leveldemocracy;c/Tokeepalabormanagementbookandawagebookandproducethemtocompetentagenciesuponrequest;d/Todeclaretheuseoflaborwithin30daysfromthedateofcommencementofoperation,andreportperiodicallyonchangesinthelaborintheprocessofoperationtothelocalstatemanagementagencyoflabor;e/Toimplementotherprovisionsoflawonlabor,socialinsuranceandhealthinsurance.Article7.Industrialrelations1.Industrialrelationsbetweenanindividualemployeeortheemployees’collectiveandanemployermustbeestablishedthroughdialogue,negotiationandagreementbasedontheprinciplesofvoluntariness,goodfaith,equality,cooperationandmutualrespectforeachother’srightsandlegitimateinterests.2.Tradeunionsandtheemployers’representativeorganizationsshall,incollaborationwithstateagencies,facilitatetheestablishmentofharmonious,stableandprogressiveindustrialrelations;supervisetheimplementationofthelaborlaw;andprotecttherightsandlegitimateinterestsofemployeesandemployers.Article8.Prohibitedacts1.Discriminatingonthebasisofgender,race,skincolor,socialstrata,maritalstatus,belief,religion,HIVinfection,disabilitiesorforthereasonofestablishing,joiningtradeunionsandparticipatingintradeunionactivities.2.Maltreatingemployeesandcommittingsexualharassmentattheworkplace.3.Forcinglabor.4.Makinguseofapprenticeshiporon-the-jobtrainingforthepurposeofself-seekingandexploitinglabor,orenticingorcompellingapprenticesoron-the-jobtraineestocarryoutillegalactivities.5.Usingemployeeswhohavenovocationaltrainingornationaloccupationalskillscertificatesfortheoccupationsorjobswhichrequireemployeeswhohavereceivedvocationaltrainingornationaloccupationalskillscertificates.6.Enticing,promisingormakingfalseadvertisingtodeceiveemployeesormakinguseofemploymentservicesorthesendingoflabortoworkabroadundercontractstocommitillegalacts.7.Illegallyusingminoremployees.ChapterIIEMPLOYMENTArticle9.Employmentandcreationofemployment1.Employmentisanyincome-generatinglaboringactivitythatisnotprohibitedbylaw.2.TheState,employersandthesocietyhavetheresponsibilitytocreateemploymentandguaranteethatallpeoplewithworkingabilityhaveaccesstoemploymentopportunities.Article10.Therightofemployeestowork1.Toworkforanyemployerinanylocationthatisnotprohibitedbylaw.2.Todirectlycontactanemployerorthroughanemploymentserviceinstitutioninordertofindajobthatmeetshis/herexpectation,capacity,occupationalqualification,andhealth.Article11.TherightofemployerstorecruitlaborAnemployerhastherighttorecruitlabordirectlyorthroughemploymentserviceinstitutionsandlaborleasinginstitutions,toincreaseorreducethenumberofemployeesaccordingtoproductionandbusinessrequirements.Article12.Statepoliciesinsupportofemploymentdevelopment1.TheStateshallsetatargetnumberofnewlycreatedjobsinfive-yearandannualsocio-economicdevelopmentplans.Dependingonthesocio-economicconditionsofeachperiod,theGovernmentshallsubmitthenationaltargetprogramonemploymentandvocationaltrainingtotheNationalAssemblyfordecision.2.Toformulatetheunemploymentinsurancepolicyandpoliciestoencourageself-employmentandtoassistemployerswhoemploylargenumbersofemployeeswhoarefemale,disabledandethnicminoritypersons.3.Toencourageandcreatefavorableconditionsfordomesticandforeignorganizationsandindividualstoinvestinproductionandbusinessdevelopmentforemploymentcreation.4.Tosupportemployersandemployeestoseekandexpandoverseaslabormarkets.5.ToestablishaNationalEmploymentFundtoprovideconcessionalloansforemploymentcreationandotheractivitiesinaccordancewithlaw.Article13.Employmentprograms1.ThePeople’sCommitteesofprovincesandcentrallyruncities(belowreferredtoasprovincial-levelPeopleCommittees)shalldevelopandsubmitlocalemploymentprogramstothePeople’sCouncilsofthesamelevelfordecision.2.Stateagencies,enterprises,socio-politicalorganizationsandsocialorganizationsandemployersshall,withinthescopeoftheirrespectivetasksandpowers,participateintheimplementationofemploymentprograms.Article14.Employmentserviceinstitutions1.Employmentserviceinstitutionshavethefunctionofprovidingjobcounselingandplacementservicesandvocationaltrainingtoemployees;supplyingandrecruitingemployeesattherequestofemployers;collectingandprovidinginformationaboutthelabormarket;andperformingothertasksinaccordancewithlaw.2.Employmentserviceinstitutionsincludeemploymentservicecentersandemploymentserviceenterprises.EmploymentservicecentersareestablishedandoperateundertheGovernment’sregulations.EmploymentserviceenterprisesareestablishedandoperateundertheLawonEnterprisesandmusthavealicensetoprovideemploymentservicesgrantedbytheprovincial-levelstatemanagementagencyoflabor.3.Employmentserviceinstitutionsareentitledtocollectchargesandtotaxreductionandexemptioninaccordancethelawsonchargesandtaxes.ChapterIIILABORCONTRACTSection1.ENTRYINTOLABORCONTRACTSArticle15.LaborcontractLaborcontractisanagreementbetweenanemployeeandanemployeronapaidjob,workingconditionsandtherightsandobligationsofeachpartyinindustrialrelations.Article16.Formsoflaborcontract1.Alaborcontractmustbeestablishedinwritingandmadeintwocopies,onetobekeptbytheemployeeandtheotherbytheemployer,exceptthecasestatedinClause2ofthisArticle.2.Fortemporaryjobswithadurationofunder3months,thepartiesmayenterintoaverballaborcontract.Article17.Principlesofentryintoalaborcontract1.Voluntariness,fairness,goodfaith,cooperationandhonesty.2.Freedomtoenterintoalaborcontractwhichisnotcontrarytothelaw,thecollectivelaboragreementandsocialmorality.Article18.Obligationtoenterintoalaborcontract1.Alaborcontractmustbedirectlyenteredintobetweenanemployeeandanemployerbeforetheemployeeisadmitted.Foranemployeeagedbetweenfull15yearsandunder18years,thelaborcontractmustbeenteredintowiththeconsentofhis/herat-lawrepresentative.2.Foraseasonalorspecificjobthathasadurationofunder12months,agroupofemployeesmayauthorizeamemberofthegrouptoenterintoawrittenlaborcontract;inthiscase,suchlaborcontractiseffectiveinthesamemannerasifitisenteredintowitheachoftheemployees.Alaborcontractwhichisenteredintobyanauthorizedpersonmustbeenclosedwithalistclearlystatingthefullnames,ages,gender,permanentresidentialaddresses,occupationsandsignaturesofallemployeesconcerned.Article19.Obligationtoprovideinformationbeforeenteringintoalaborcontract1.Anemployershallprovideanemployeewithinformationaboutthejob,workplace,workingconditions,workinghours,resttime,occupationalsafetyandhygiene,wage,formsofwagepayment,socialinsurance,healthinsurance,regulationsonbusinessconfidentiality,technologicalconfidentiality,andotherissuesdirectlyrelatedtotheentryintothelaborcontractasrequestedbytheemployee.2.Theemployeeshallprovidetheemployerwithinformationabouthis/herfullname,age,gender,residenceaddress,educationlevel,occupationalskillsandqualification,healthconditionsandotherissuesdirectlyrelatedtotheentryintoalaborcontractasrequestedbytheemployer.Article20.Prohibitedactsofemployerswhenenteringintoandperforminglaborcontracts1.Keepingtheemployees’originalidentitycards,diplomasandcertificates.2.Requestingemployeestomakeadepositincashorpropertyassecurityfortheperformanceoflaborcontracts.Article21.EntryintolaborcontractswithmorethanoneemployerAnemployeemayenterintolaborcontractswithmorethanoneemployer,providedthathe/shefullyperformsallthecontentsoftheenteredcontracts.Incaseanemployeeentersintolaborcontractswithmorethanoneemployer,his/herparticipationinsocialinsuranceandhealthinsurancecomplieswiththeGovernment’sregulations.Article22.Typesoflaborcontract1.Alaborcontractmustbeenteredintoinoneofthefollowingtypes:a/Indefinite-termlaborcontract;Anindefinite-termlaborcontractisacontractinwhichthetwopartiesdonotdeterminethedurationandthetimeofterminationofthecontract.b/Definite-termlaborcontract;Adefinite-termlaborcontractisacontractinwhichthetwopartiesdeterminethedurationandthetimeofterminationofthecontractwithinaperiodofbetween12monthsand36months.c/Aseasonalorwork-specificlaborcontractthathasadurationofunder12months.2.WhenalaborcontractstipulatedatPointsbandc,Clause1ofthisArticleexpiresandtheemployeecontinuesworking,withinthirty(30)daysfromthedateofexpirationofthecontract,thetwopartiesshallsignanewlaborcontract;ifnonewlaborcontractisenteredinto,thecontractenteredintounderPointb,Clause1ofthisArticlewillbecomeanindefinite-termlaborcontractandthecontractenteredintounderPointc,Clause1ofthisArticlewillbecomeadefinite-termlaborcontractwithadurationof24months.Incasethetwopartiesenterintoanewlaborcontractwithadefiniteterm,only1additionaldefinite-termlaborcontractmaybesigned;afterthat,iftheemployeecontinuesworking,anindefinite-termcontractmustbeenteredinto.3.Itisprohibitedtoenterintoaseasonalorwork-specificlaborcontractofunder12monthsforaregularjobwhichhasadurationofmorethan12months,exceptthecaseoftemporaryreplacementofanemployeewhohastakenleaveformilitaryduty,pregnancyandmaternity,sickness,laboraccidentorothertemporaryleaves.Article23.Contentsofalaborcontract1.Alaborcontractmusthavethefollowingprincipalcontents:a/Nameandaddressoftheemployerorthelawfulrepresentativeoftheemployer;b/Fullname,dateofbirth,gender,residenceaddress,identitycardnumberorotherlawfuldocumentsoftheemployee;c/Jobandworkplace;d/Termofthelaborcontract;e/Wage,formofwagepayment,deadlineforwagepayment,wage-basedallowancesandotheradditionalpayments;f/Regimesforpromotionandwageraise;g/Workingtime,resttime;h/Laborprotectionequipmentfortheemployee;i/Socialinsuranceandhealthinsurance;j/Training,retrainingandoccupationalskillimprovement.2.Whenanemployeeperformsajobwhichisdirectlyrelatedtobusinessortechnologysecretsasprescribedbylaw,theemployermayreachawrittenagreementwiththeemployeeonthecontentanddurationofprotectionofbusinessortechnologysecrets,andbenefitsandcompensationincaseofviolationbytheemployee.3.Foremployeesworkinginagriculture,forestry,fisheryorsaltproduction,basedonthetypeofjob,bothpartiesmayskipsomeprincipalcontentsofthelaborcontractandreachadditionalagreementsonsettlementmeasureswhenthecontractperformanceisaffectedbynaturaldisaster,fireorweather.4.Thecontentsofalaborcontractwithanemployeewhoishiredtoworkasdirectorofastate-investedenterprisearestipulatedbytheGovernment.Article24.Annexestoalaborcontract1.Anannextoalaborcontractisanintegralpartofthelaborcontractandisasvalidasthelaborcontract.2.Anannextoalaborcontractdetailssomeprovisionsoramendsorsupplementsthecontract.Incaseanannextoalaborcontractdetailssomeprovisionsthatleadtoadifferentunderstandingofthelaborcontract,thecontentsofthelaborcontractprevail.Incaseanannexamendsorsupplementsthelaborcontract,itmustspecifytheamendedorsupplementedprovisionsandthetimeittakeseffect.Article25.EffectivenessofalaborcontractAlaborcontracttakeseffectonthedateitisenteredintobytheparties,unlessotherwiseagreeduponbybothpartiesorprovidedbylaw.Article26.Probation1.Anemployerandanemployeemayreachagreementontheprobationandtherightsandobligationsofthetwopartiesduringtheprobationperiod.Ifreachingagreementontheprobation,thetwopartiesmayenterintoaprobationcontract.AprobationcontractmusthavethecontentsspecifiedatPointsa,b,c,d,e,gandh,Clause1,Article23ofthisCode.2.Employeesworkingunderseasonallaborcontractsarenotsubjecttoprobation.Article27.ProbationperiodTheprobationperiodmustbebasedonthenatureandcomplexityofthejobbutprobationisappliedonlyonceforeachjobandassurethefollowingconditions:1.Itdoesnotexceed60daysforpostswhichrequireprofessionalandtechnicalqualificationofcollegialorhigherlevel.2.Itdoesnotexceed30daysforpostswhichrequireprofessionalandtechnicalqualificationsofintermediatevocationallevel,professionalsecondarylevel,orfortechnicalworkersandskilledemployees.3.Itdoesnotexceed6workingdaysforothertypesofjobs.Article28.WageduringtheprobationperiodThewageforanemployeeduringtheprobationperiodmustbeagreeduponbythetwopartiesbutmustbeatleastequalto85%ofthewageforthejob.Article29.Expiryoftheprobationperiod1.Iftheprobationaljobissatisfactory,theemployershallsignalaborcontractwiththeemployee.2.Duringtheprobationperiod,eachpartymaycanceltheprobationagreementwithoutpriornoticeandcompensationiftheprobationaljobfailstomeettherequirementsthathavebeenagreedbythetwoparties.Section2.PERFORMANCEOFLABORCONTRACTSArticle30.PerformanceofjobsunderalaborcontractThejobsunderalaborcontractmustbeperformedbytheemployeewhohasenteredintothecontract.Theworkplacemaybeasindicatedinthelaborcontractorotherwiseagreeduponbetweenthetwoparties.Article31.Assignmentofemployeestoperformjobswhicharenotstatedinlaborcontracts1.Whenmeetingwithsuddendifficultiessuchasnaturaldisaster,fireorepidemic,ortakingmeasurestopreventanddealwithaworkingaccident,anoccupationaldiseaseoranelectricityorwatersupplyincident,orwhenduetobusinessandproductionneeds,theemployermaytemporarilyassignanemployeetoperformajobwhichisnotstatedinthelaborcontractprovidedthattheassignmentdoesnotexceed60accumulatedworkdayswithinoneyear,unlessotherwiseagreedbytheemployee.2.Whenanemployertemporarilyassignsanemployeetoperformajobwhichisnotstatedthelaborcontract,theemployershallinformtheemployeeatleast3workingdaysinadvance,clearlystatingthedurationoftemporaryworkandtheassignedworkwhichmustbesuitabletothehealthandgenderoftheemployee.3.TheemployeewhoperformsthejobasstipulatedinClause1ofthisArticleisentitledtoawageforthenewjob;ifthewageforthenewjobislowerthanthepreviouswage,he/sheisentitledtothepreviouswagefor30workingdays.Thewageforthenewjobmustbeatleast85%ofthepreviouswagebutnotlowerthantheregionalminimumwagestipulatedbytheGovernment.Article32.Casesofsuspensionofalaborcontract1.Theemployeeiscalledupformilitaryservice.2.Theemployeeisheldincustodyordetentioninaccordancewiththecriminalprocedurelaw.3.Theemployeeissubjecttoadecisiononapplicationofthemeasureofconsignmenttoareformatory,compulsorydrugdetoxificationcenterorcompulsoryeducationinstitution.4.ThefemaleemployeeispregnantinaccordancewithArticle156ofthisCode.5.Othercasesasagreeduponbythetwoparties.Article33.ReinstatementofemployeesuponexpiryoftheperiodofsuspensionoflaborcontractsWithin15daysaftertheexpiryoftheperiodofsuspensionofalaborcontractinac