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s(Groupwork):Readsomeinformationaboutsomepeopleandguessthemeaningofsomewords.HewasborninGermany.Hewasdeaf.However,hebecameawell-knownmusicianandacomposer.HehadwrittengreatmusicsuchastheMoonlightSonataandtheFateSymphonyQuestion:Theword“deaf”probablymeans.losinghearingMusicianinGermanyMoonlightSonataFateSymphonyDeafBeethovenDeafmeanslosinghearingClues:HewasborninHawaiionAugust4,1961.Hisparentsdivorcedwhenhewastwo.HespentpartofhischildhoodinJakartaafterhismothermarriedanIndonesianman.HegraduatedfromColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.AftercollegehebecameacommunityorganizerinChicago,hisadoptedhometown.Later,atHarvardLawSchool,hewaselectedthefirstblackpresidentoftheHarvardLawReview.Hiswife,Michelle,isalsoaHarvard-trainedlawyer.ShegrewupinaworkingclassfamilyinChicago.Hehavetwoyoungdaughters.Hewaselectedthefirstblackpresident(总统)inthe2008UnitedStatespresidentialelection(选举).Question:Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?Hewaselectedthefirstblackpresidentinthe2008UnitedStatespresidentialelection.ObamapresidentpresidentialClues:之阅读理解词义猜测高考
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中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及
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、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能: 1、理解主旨要义; 2、理解文中具体信息; 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义; 4、作出简单判断和理解; 5、理解文章的基本结构; 6、理解作者的意图和态度。Thinking:猜测词义类题目常见的设问方式有哪些?Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans.Theunderlinedword/phrase“…”means.Theunderlinedwordcouldbestbereplacedby.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?常见的设问方式:猜测词义的方法:猜测词义上下文构词法方法一例1(06上海)限时:20秒73.Theword“talion”inintroducingthebookEyeforanEyeisprobablyaconceptof______.A.medicineB.tradeC.avengingD.striving1、通过定义或解释说明来猜测词义例2(07江苏)Thetermis“networkedindividualism”.Thisconcept(概念)isnoteasytounderstandbecausethewordsseemtohaveoppositemeanings.Howcanwebeindividuals(个体)andbenetworkedatthesametime?Youneedotherpeoplefornetworks.60.Theunderlinedphrase“networkedindividualism”probablymeansthatbyusingcomputerspeople___.A.sticktotheirownwaysnomatterwhatotherpeoplesayB.havetherightsandfreedomtodothingsoftheirowninterestC.dothingsintheirownwaysandexpressopinionsdifferentfromotherpeopleD.areabletokeeptothemselvesbutatthesametimereachouttootherpeople这类题型●信号词:be,becalled,means,bedefinedas有时候也会用到连字符来进行进一步的解释和说明。2、通过或来猜测词义近义词例1.(08全国ⅠA篇)Thenextdaymydadpulledouthischildhoodpicturesandtoldmequiteafewstoriesabouthisownchildhood.Althoughourtimestogetherbecameeasierovertheyears,Ineverfeltclosertohimatthatmoment.Aftersomanyyears.I’matlastseeinganothersideofmyfather.Andinsodoing,I’mdelightedwithmynewfriend.Mydad,inhisnewhomeinArizona,isbacktomefromwherehewas.59.Theunderlinedwords“mynewfriend”inthelastparagraphreferto.A.theauthor’sson B.theauthor’sfatherC.thefriendoftheauthor’sfather D.thecaféowner同位关系例2.(07全国Ⅰ)Anyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir(回忆录)ofRalphW.Tyler,whoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.BorninChicagoin1902,broughtupandschooledinNebraska,the19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajormedicinetoeducation.69.Thewords“hookedonteaching”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean______A.attractedtoteachingB.tiredofteachingC.satisfiedwithteachingD.unhappyaboutteaching这类题型●信号词:and,or,like,as…as,thesameas,aswellas,also…等3、通过或来猜测词义反义词对比关系例1(08江苏)Timeissomethingfromwhichwecan’tescape.Evenifweignoreit,it’sstillgoingby,tickingaway,secondbysecond,minutebyminute,hourbyhour.Sothemainissueinusingyourtimewellis,“Who’sincharge?”Wecanallowtimetoslipbyandletitbeourenemy.Orwecantakecontrolofitandmakeitourally.56.Theunderlinedword“ally”inPara.3mostlikelymeanssomebodyorsomethingthatis___.A.yourslaveandservesyou B.yoursupporterandhelpsyouC.underyourcontrolandobeysyou D.underyourinfluenceandfollowsyou例2(08湖北)DowningthelastdropofanexpensivefamousbrandH2Oaswellasrememberingtothrowtheemptybottleintherecyclingbin,makesyoufeelprettygoodaboutyourself,right?Itshouldn’t.Evenwhenthebottlesarerecycled,thereareallkindsofotherconsequencesofswallowingbottledwater,saysMelissaPeffers,theair-qualityprogrammanagerforEnvironmentalDefense.77.Inthefirstparagraph.theunderlinedsentence"Itshouldn't."suggeststhatpeople_______.A.shouldn'tfeelpleasedwithfinishingthewaterinthebottleB.shouldn'tfeelgoodaboutdrinkinganexpensivebrandH20C.shouldn'tbecontentwithjustrecyclingemptybottlesD.shouldn'tbesatisfiedwithdrinking,onlybottledwater这类题型●信号词:but,or,unlike,otherwise,however,even,except(for)…等4、通过来猜测词义。生活经验常识例1(07台湾)Manyweight-consciouspeoplealsomistakenlybelievethatchangingourbodieswillfixeverything.Perhapsourworstmistakeisbelievingthatbeingthinequalsbeingloved,beingspecial,andbeingcherished.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“everything”inparagraph2mean?A.Alltheproblems.B.AllthepropertiesC.Thewholeworld.D.Theabsolutetruth.修理,解决例2(06广东)Membersoftheworkingclasshaveblue-collarjobs.Theyareconstructionworkers,truckdrivers,mechanics,steelworkers,electricians,andthelike.Whatmakesthisclassdifferfromthelowerclassis,first,longerperiodsofemployment--andtherefore,morefixedincomes—and,second,employmentinskilledorsemiskilled(半熟练的)occupations,notunskilledones.AlthoughunemploymenthitsalllevelsoftheAmericaneconomy,includingthoseofskilledandsemi-skilledworkers,itismostcommonatthebottomoftheclassstructureandincreasinglylesscommonateachlevelupward.65.Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans.A.strikewithablowB.havebadeffectsonC.breakupDbeat前面所提到的4种解题技巧,其共同的核心是什么?联系上下文,从上下文中找解题线索。方法二解题技巧:通过构词法提示找出答案。(07上海)ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.76.“Eco-friendlytents”inparagraph1referstotents.A.economicallydesirable B.favorabletotheenvironmentC.forholdingmusicperformancesD.designedfordisasterrelief解题技巧:通过上下文提示找出答案。一).(06全国2B篇)May5,1884IsaacMurphy,sonofaslaveandperhapsthegreatesthorseriderinAmericanhistory,ridesBuchanantowinhisfirstKentuckyDerby.Hebecomesthefirstriderevertowintheracethreetimes.45.WeknowfromthetextthatBuchananis.A.Isaac’sfather B.awinninghorseC.aslavetakingcareofhorses D.thefirstracinghorseinKentucky二)(07天津)“Romehastriedtoprotectfishmorethananywhereelseintheworld.Itstandsoutforrecognizingthatfishareinterestinganimalswhodeserve(值得)overrespectandcompassioneverybitasmuchasdogsandcatsandotheranimals,”saidKarinRobertson,adirectorofthePeoplefortheEthicalTreatmentofAnimals.38.Theunderlinedword“compassion”inParagraph6istheclosestinmeaningto___A.pityB.praiseC.supportD.popularity解题技巧:通过上下文提示找出答案。解题技巧:通过上下文提示找出答案。三).(07安徽)Theabovearethemainreasonsforthisproblem,andthereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellassteeringthemawayfromfastfoodshopsandbadeatinghabits.58.Theword"steering"underlinedinthelastsentencemostprobablymeans___.A.forcing B.guidingC.driving D.moving四).(08全国ⅠB篇)Innutrition(营养)itwasallgoodnewstoo.Thisnice-tastingpineapplecontainedfourtimesmorevitaminC(维生素C)thantheoldgreenvariety.Nutritionistssaidthatitwasnotonlyfullofvitamins,butalsogoodagainstsomediseases.Peoplewereunderstandablyeagertobeabletobuythiswonderfulfruit.Thenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfast,andtheDelMonteGoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater.62.Theunderlinedword“fixture”inParagraph3probablyreferstosomething.A.thatpeopleenjoyeating B.thatisalwayspresentC.thatisdifficulttogetD.thatpeopleuseasagift解题技巧:通过上下文提示找出答案。五).(08全国ⅡC篇)Somepoliticiansoftenusethistrick.Let’ssaythatduringGovernorSmith’slastterm,herstatelostonemillionjobsandgainedthreemillionjobs.Thensheseeksanotherterm.Oneofheropponents(对手)says,“DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatelostonemillionjobs!”That’strue.However,anhoneststatementwouldhavebeen,“DuringGovernorSmith’sterm,thestatehadanetgainoftwomillionjobs.”51.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“netgain”inParagraph5mean? A.finalincrease B.bigadvantage C.largeshare D.totalsaving解题技巧:通过上下文提示找出答案。解题技巧:通过上下文提示找出答案。六).(08山东)ThenineshortstobeshownrangefromaClaymationbiographyofB.B.Kingtoasciencefictionadventuresetintheyear3005.“Alotofthematerialisreallymature,”Ms.Gardnersaid,talkingaboutfilmsbytheNewYorkCitybranchofGlobalActionProject,amediaartsandleadership-traininggroup.“TheChoiceisaboutthehistoryofafamilyandMasterAnti–Smokerisabouttheangersofsecondhandsmoke.”DreamoftheInvisiblesdescribesyoungimmigrants’(移民)feelingsofbothbelongingandnotbelongingintheiradoptedcountry.58.Theunderlinedword“shorts”inParagraph4refersto___. A.shorttrousers B.shortkids C.shortfilms D.shortstories解题技巧:通过上下文提示找出答案。七).(08浙江)ABrownUniversitysleepresearcherhassomeadviceforpeoplewhorunhighschools;Don’tstartclassessoearlyinthemorning.Itmaynotbethatthestudentswhonodoffattheirdesksarelazy.Anditmaynotbethattheirparentshavefailedtoenforce(确保)bedtime.Instead,itmaybethatbiologicallythesesleepyheadstudentsaren’tusedtotheearlyhour.49.Theunderlinedphrase“nodoff”(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans“”.A.turnaround B.agreewithothers C.fallasleep D.refusetowork解题技巧:通过上下文提示找出答案。八).(05全国B篇)Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.61.Theunderlinedword“detour”inparagraph5means.A.adrivethroughthetown B.araceacrossthefieldsC.aroundaboutwayoftraveling D.ajourneyinthemountainarea阅读理解之猜测词义题的突破方法:注意:猜测词义时,一定要回到原文中,因为没有上下文就没有词义。联系上下文,通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词和反义词进行判断。利用定语,定语从句,同位语从句等。利用关联词,如but,however,and,or等利用构词法。