考博写作辅导2009

考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 1 2009 考 博 英 语 写 作 主讲人: 朱月珍教授 第一部分 考试的题型、内容和思路 1． 考试大纲要求 2． 写作 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 总体分析 （1） 考试的体裁 （2） 考试的内容 第二部分 回顾历届写作题目 2002-2008 年华中科技大学博士生入学考试作文题目： 1. My View on University Internationalization . 2. WWW and the World Today 3. Credibility 4. 2008 Olympics: what can we do for it? 5. Reflection on bird flu 6. Learning is a long-life profession 7. What will happen when one’s mother tongue is lost 8. My view of parenting 9. Not every thing that is learned is contained in books 1999-2008 年省考试院所出的作文题目： — Some Lessons Drawn from the Flood in 1998 — Knowledge Economy — My View on Higher Education — Consumers Await the Maturity of E-Commerce — To Release Pupil’s Burden — The Influence of High-tech on the Society. — Directions: “Give me a fish and I’ll eat for a day; teach me how to fish and I’ll eat for a life time.” Is a famous saying often quoted. In this part, you are expected to write a composition based on the saying above and the following outline for each paragraph. — To buy a car or not to buy a car — Science discovery----curse or blessing — Should all college courses be specifically related to a future occupation? — On Holiday economy — View on Internet information — University tuition system in China 1. a brief introduction of tuition system in universities in China 2. viewpoints for it 3. viewpoints against it 4. your comments — Private Schools in China Outline: 1. the advantages; 2. the disadvantages; 3. your comments 2002-2008 年武汉大学考博作文题 — 2008 年武汉大学考博作文题 Directions: Suppose you’ve read in an essay the key statements: “People should never be satisfied with the existing state of affairs. They should always want something novel and something different.” Write an article entitled Dissatisfactions Propel the Society Forward. You should write no less than200 words. — 2007 年武汉大学考博作文题： The age of Information Technology has taken a lot of people by surprise. While it has become a way of life for some, others know very little about it and may be unlikely to learn. Eventually we will have a polarized society and this will lead to serious social problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 2 You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. — 2006 年武汉大学考博作文题： Which is better: talk or e-mail — 2005 年武汉大学考博作文题： 1）这个城市现在存在的问题; 2）假如我是市长的话, 如何解决这些问题; 3）问题解决后的城市前景. — 2004 年武汉大学考博作文题 1）恐怖活动日益猖獗的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现; 2）分析其猖獗的原因; 3）各国政府应采取的有效措施; 4）你对我国政府所采取措施的态度或看法. — 2003 年武汉大学考博作文题 有些人认为随着各种高水平电子课件的制作与引进，大学生基本上可以自学英语了; 有些人认为大学英语教师虽然面临挑战，但不可或缺; 我对中国大学英语教学改革的看法与建议. — 2002 年武汉大学考博作文题 1) 现代人会遇到各种各样的压力; 2)压力的来源; 3)如何减轻自己的压力 第三部分 如何准备写作考试 ¾ 熟悉了解历届考题； ¾ 学会三段式写作模式； ¾ 收集、分类考试常用句型与有用表达； ¾ 背诵典型范文； ¾ 按考试要求练习作文。 第四部分 应试方法与技巧 （一） 文章开头 — 描绘图表 1. As can be seen from the graph , … 2. From this survey of … we can see that … 3. In accordance with the statistics given by the chart, … 4. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people … 5. At a glimpse of the picture, it gives me an impression of … But when I look at the picture once more, I get to know more from the picture. It is shown that … 6. At first glance, … seems ….. However, a closer examination reveals … — 问句开头，激发兴趣 1. Why….? Many people pose the question like this. 2. “Should men and women be equal?” This is a question much talked about by people all over China today.. 3. “…?” This particular question is being raised by an ever increasing number of people. — 列出现象或背景 1. When my eyes caught this topic, my mind began its search for the most important one from many options such as honesty, creativity, fortitude, diligence. Suddenly the best choice 考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 3 came to me. It is teamwork spirit that is regarded by me as the most important personal quality of a university student 2. Recently the issue of …has aroused wide concern. 3. With the popularity of …, …. 4. Nowadays more and more people are showing their concern over the issue of … 5. With the advent of the new phase of knowledge economy, the terms “…” “…” and “…” have already begun to creep into the popular vocabulary. No one can deny the fact that …. 6. Nowadays you may more and more frequently hear of the terms such as "further education"，“distance education "and " colleges for the elderly "in your daily life. The varied terms concerning education tell us that… 7. There is a general discussion these days over the issue of …. One of the questions under debate is whether…. 8. There is a deep-rooted concept in the minds of many people that … — 引用名人名言，警句 1. One of the great early writers said that… 2. As an old Chinese saying goes well: “A stern teacher fosters able students.” 3. Nothing is permanent except change, as an old proverb goes. 4. Good health is the best treasure to everybody. There is the saying: “Good health is the best wealth.” — Enough is as good as a feast. — More haste, less speed. — It’s never too old to learn. — Rome was not built in a day. — All roads lead to Rome. — Great minds think alike. — Well begun, half done. — Money makes the mare go. — Practice makes perfect. — A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. — Look before you leap. — A friend in need is a friend indeed. — Two heads are better than one. — Easier said than done. — Where there is a will, there is a way. — “Knowledge is power”. — “No pains, no gains.” — “The early bird catches the worm.” — Different strokes for different folks. — All work and no play will make Jack a dull boy. — Live and let live. — Time and tide wait for no man — Touch pitch, and you will be defiled. (二) 扩展段写法 （1） 因果法 (cause-and-effect ) 1. There are many reasons for this but the main three are as follows: First, …. Second, …. Last but not least, … 2. The apparent reason for this is …, and the reason under the surface is …表面原因是…, 而其深层原因是… （2） 比较与对比法 (comparison and contrast) 1. Obviously, like many other things, … has both negative effects and positive effects…. 2. Many argue that …, while others maintain that … 3. There is much controversy nowadays over the issue of…. Some people are of the opinion that …, but there are others who …. 考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 4 4. While there is a great deal of enthusiasm nowadays over the advantages of …, its drawbacks should not be neglected. For one thing, …. For another, … 5. However, this idea is now being questioned by many experts, who point out that … （三） 文章结尾 — 结论 1. As has been mentioned above, a conclusion can be drawn that some effective measures should be taken in no time. For example, …….. In addition, _______ 2. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on …. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price. 3. There is certainly some truth on both sides. But neither … nor … holds the key to the problem. In my opinion, we should … 4. In a word, it is important… 5. To sum up,… 6. In short, … 7. All in all…. — 号召性和意义 1. It is time that we urged/put an immediate end to… 2. It is necessary that some effective steps should be taken in no time. 3. Only by doing so, can we… 4. But, all in all, I would say that the pros overweight the cons. — 展望, 后果 1. Any person who ignores/fails to learn the warning would…. 2. We rest assured that … 3. This is the prospect that man now faces. “…” is avalanching upon our heads and most people are absurdly unprepared to cope with. 4. The future will be a better place if we do. 5. I only hope that some day there can be a solution to this problem. 6. No doubt, … will continue to be a problem of … for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes. — 反问 1. Why don’t we double our efforts to learn it? 2. Is it any wonder that June is my favorite month? 第五部分 考试常用句型 （1）表示现象句型： 1． This can be illustrated / explained by… 2． An example of this involves… 3． There are many examples to show that… 4． We should put a high premium on …. 5． It is/was reported that … 6． No one can deny the fact that … 7． Personal experience teaches me… 8． Recent studies indicate that … （2）表示原因句型 1. Many factors are responsible for the problem, but the main two are as follows: … 2. In terms of…, there are several characteristics to be mentioned. （3）表示对策句型 1． We should lay down / formulate laws and regulations to protect / to ensure … 2． All of us should form the consciousness of environmental protection. 考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 5 3． Funds should be raised nation-wide to set up/ to help … 4． The government should set aside adequate amount of money for… 5． Facing such a grave situation of …, people should have a stronger awareness of … 6． Legal education should be strengthened and the awareness of laws among all citizens should be raised. （4）阐明观点 1. It is a common view that… 2. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that 3. Now people are becoming aware of the importance of … 4. I take the view that … 5. There is no reason for us to doubt that … （5）界定范围 1. In terms of the student population，the university ranks the second largest in this country. 2. With regard to/ With respect to the recent flood… 3. When it comes to … （6）批评和反驳 1. It is wrong to think… 2. There is no reason to believe that… 3. It is one thing to believe…, while it is quite another to prove that … （7）分析和推理 1. It is clear that… 2. It seems quite likely… 3. No matter how… 4. … is still in its earliest stage. But the trend will intensify as time goes by. 5. Many positive trends appear to be associated with … 6. There are reasons to maintain a cautious optimism that … 7. In the minds of many people, economic success and affluence are equated with goodness or at least with rightness. 8. It is a mistake to equate wealth with happiness. 9. The more…, the more… （8）表示强调 1. Only by doing this can we… 2. Most important, we have to… 3. It is only by practicing in this way that the officers can be sure that… 4. Working is more than earning for a living.( more than 不仅仅是 ) 5. Numbers are no more than symbols used in mathematics …(no more than 只不过是 ) （9）一些特殊句型 1. It takes a lot of time to do this. 2. They spend much time (in) doing homework. 3. They spend a lot of money on books. 4. Much time was spent in playing computer games. 5. Many people are of the opinion that … 6. The markets are flooded with fake commodities. 7. Tell me, and I will forget; show me, and I will probably remember; involve me, and I will never forget. 8. The project is conducive to peace and stability of the country. 9. The book has a great impact on his progress. 考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 6 10. They have played havoc with the wildlife by shooting and trapping. 11. We should make an all-out attempt to … 第六部分 常用单词与表达 I． 社会热点 after-sale service collectively-owned enterprise comprehensive force of the country copy-right law exterior environment fake commodities governments at all levels high-tech products joint venture laid-off workers medical care Farmer workers peace and stability of society poverty-ridden provinces problem of piracy re-employment shareholding enterprise social security state-owned enterprise to do away with superstitions to eliminate corruption to go bankrupt development of the west an aid-the-poor program Hope Project Spring Buds Program China’s elite harmonious society II 学习与考试 adapt oneself to society an open-book examination college entrance examination compulsory courses compulsory education diploma dissertation education for quality education for test after-class activities major / major in on campus optional courses post-graduate education to acquire (gain, get) knowledge to enrich experience to foster a good habit of learning to get in touch with the world outside to be a rounded person qualities that go to the making of a college student to have a good command of English to have a working knowledge of English to keep abreast of the newest development to receive further education to take pains to learn to take part-time jobs to widen knowledge to work as tutors mentor to give priority to study To popularize the 9-year compulsory education Academician the reduction of schoolwork Secondary education affluent Chinese people draw lessons from history A diverse range of interests lay a sound basis for continuous development III. 工作与生活 on-the-job training decent dwelling places equal pay for equal work leisure time last resort mass media on a diet outdoor sports personnel administration phone booth press conference public opinion put somebody on an equal footing scenic spots 考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 7 spiritual and material life summer resort the root of all evil to book tickets to do sight-seeing to dress simply to get enjoyment, knowledge and relaxation from hobbies to have an outing to keep fit/healthy to make life colorful to make each day count to observe traffic regulations to play musical instrument to put on/lose weight traffic jam week days and weekend IV 环境与资源 automobile exhaust baby boom birth control cause the extinction of plants and animals disturb the balance of nature energy crisis fire prevention food chain food shortage fresh water greenhouse effect natural resources ozonosphere population explosion to preserve the environment to threaten man’s survival V 科学与技术 computer games 电子游戏 computer virus 电脑病毒 cosmic space 宇宙空间 The Shenzhou-5/ divine vehicle Internet 英特网/ internet 互联网 cyberspace 网络空间 log on 上网 information highway 信息高速公路 to do on-line 在线 to do scientific research 从事科学研究 to do space exploration 从事空间探索 manned spaceflight to program the computer 编程 to revitalize the country through science and education 科教兴国 VI. 其它 a start-up fund communications and information technology optoelectronic information industrial base optical valley silicon valley immeasurable business opportunities oracle corp Olympic bid blue tooth dotcom B2B B2C intellectual property rights a computer geek a huge temptation a major campaign against pornography a panacea for all problems a pillar industry business incubator Centenary Altar double diplomas economic management mode environmentally-friendly product genetically modified foods (GM foods) Olympic economy poverty-stricken areas TV relay rights twice-laid stuff vocational school accounting fraud / false accounting 第七部分 有用的表达 1. It is knowledge that makes man intellectual; it is knowledge that helps man make wise judgment; it is knowledge that enables man to be more competitive in finding a job; and it is knowledge that arms man to be easier when facing the challenge from nature. 考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 8 2. However, the issue at stake is much more than not able to go online. 3. With an ever increasing number of people getting hooked to cyberspace, being disconnected in a totally connected world is like being left out of the gang. For most, it's like a drug -- one that calls for a daily fix. 麻醉注射 4. The coming of the “digital era” has narrowed the distance between various countries. 5. WTO entry offers a most opportunity for China to attract Chinese students residing abroad to return home. 6. The computer market for broadband ---superfast, always-on connections to the Internet--- remains vastly underserved. 7. The Internet has increasingly thrown its impact upon many aspects of our society, especially on your way of long-distance communication. 8. Problems of two aspects must be solved for the development of the West: one is the construction of infrastructure and the other is the improvement of the ecologic environment. 9. In brief, the development of the West is a hard task which needs the efforts of one generation, two generations, or even several generations. 10. Nowadays international community has realized more unanimously than ever the urgency and importance of anti-terrorism. 11. The present globalization of the drug issue has posed a grave menace to human well-being and development. 12. It is not always easy to understand a new educational system. 13. ……As the world goes digital and the new economics kick in,… 14. With the establishment and improvement of China's socialist market economic structure, … 15. How to keep the urban ecosystem balance and live a harmonious urban life has become one of the hottest topics in the world. We also made great progress in solving the problem. But if the high speed of urbanization is not controlled effectively, to live a harmonious urban life will be still a daydream. 16. Strongly opposing these views, I maintain that …. 17. The 21st century will witness vigorous development of space activities across the world. 18. We are at the threshold of the age of knowledge economy. Qualified talents for the 21st century must have a comprehensive understanding of knowledge. So the role of our education is to cultivate our youngsters and to turn them into qualified individuals for the future of our nation, to turn them into enlightened young men and women, without asking whether they are science majors or liberal arts majors. 19. It is commonly regarded that Internet keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics. 20. In an era of an industrial-based economy, competition focuses on seizing resources and the market. But in an era of a knowledge-based economy, competition focuses on seizing human resources. 21. As an integral part of economic globalization, the globalization of production has become an irreversible trend. It has and will continue to have an immense impact on the world economy. No country can ignore or hinder its existence. The only choice is to follow the trend and formulate appropriate policies for participation according to each country's condition. Only in this way can the national economy be greatly developed. 22. As the global water shortage is daily aggravating, China has stepped up efforts to raise public awareness of the issue. 23. The digital cameras are going mainstreams for a good and simple reason: they take better pictures for less money. 24. There was never any question that digital cameras would revolutionize photography; the only question was when. 25. In the face of an international situation characterized by growing political multi-polarization, 26. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate. 27. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study. 28. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in the past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it. 考博士，上免费考博论坛 http://www.freekaobo.com 9 29. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious. 30. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on t